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Modeling computer-supported reflective learning: Combining a high-level timeline view with reflection cycles and tool use Birgit R. Krogstie, John Krogstie, Michael Prilla
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The CSRL mode: Vision
▪ Stakeholders in an organization (managers, employees, and developers) better understand and support reflective learning in the organization
▪ They identify cycles of reflective learning connecting work and reflection on work along the timeline.
▪ To consider the potential of specific tools to support the reflection, the group agrees on a shared model of the reflective learning process(es) in the organization, informing later design decisions.
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The CSRL model: Purposes
▪ How to capture and analyze reflection processes (analysis)?
▪ How to use (existing tools) for complex reflection scenarios (envisioning, planning)?
▪ How to support certain reflection processes (socio-technical design)?
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The CSRL views
▪ Reflection cycle: Modelling a reflective learning process
▪ Timeline: High-level model of reflective learning stories. Providing a structure for modelling reflective learning cycles - an instantiation of the reflection cycle view.
▪ Tool use: Showing how reflection tools can support activity in the reflection cycle, linking tool use to each of the stages
▪ Emotion: To address emotion role throughout the reflection cycle
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The MIRROR CSRL model: cycle view
Interactive version:http://research.idi.ntnu.no/mirror/csrl_v1_2_1/CSRL_v1_2_1_Clickable_General_version/start.html
Focus on:• Stages• Activities within stages• Transitions between
stages,• Transitions to new
reflection cycles
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Triggers in the CSRL model
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The MIRROR CSRL model: cycle view - transitions
▪ What is meant by transition?▪ Change in the stage ▪ Change in scope (how big part of the organization is involved,
e.g. individual, team, whole organization)▪ Change in what roles are involved in the reflective learning
process (floor workers, management,..)
▪ Why is it important to identify transitions?▪ Keep the cycle active until a resolution has been achieved or
applied▪ Need appropriate support
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Applying the reflection cycle view to understand reflection in practice: Example from a hospital
① A nurse reflected on an incident with starting an emergency alarm. ② As she found no solution, she asked the head nurse to reflect with her. ③ The two remembered similar situations and came up with proposals. To
get agreement and further ideas, they brought up the topic for reflection in a staff meeting.
④ The ideas resulting for a meeting were reflected with management.
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MODELLING REFLECTION WITH THE TIMELINE VIEW
Analysing and planning reflection support based on scenarios: Technical and organisational needs and issues
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The MIRROR CSRL model: Timeline view
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Modelling collaborative reflection
▪ Basis: Scenario / story of reflection▪ Modelling the scenario▪ Explicating triggers and transitions
▪ Overview of reflective learning processes from user perspective▪ Modelling by different stakeholders▪ Agreement between stakeholders
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Modelling collaborative reflection
Work / outcome
levels
Process levels
Goal:Make visible how the process proceeds through transitions between levels in the organization
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Modelling collaborative reflection
Identification of reflection cycles:
Frame for (more) detailed modelling for cycles
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The MIRROR CSRL model: Tool view
▪ For each stage identification of potential tools to support aspects of the reflective learning process
▪ Focus on learner´s needs at a given stage
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Evaluation within the MIRROR project
▪ 26 participants, 5 groups▪ One real life scenario per group▪ Task: Modelling and analysing reflection in the
scenario + using apps for support
▪ Group members▪ 1-2 familiar with example and apps▪ No modelling experts
▪ Initial evaluation, further work outside the consortium planned (consulting, design, …)
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Modelling collaborative reflectionExamples from evaluation
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Results from the evaluation
▪ Positive perception▪ New ideas▪ Interest in further usage
▪ Challenges▪ Triggers vs. Transitions▪ Identifying cycles
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Results from the evaluation: Unanticipated usage
▪ Branches
▪ Uncertainty (elements between levels)
▪ Combined usage of tools
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Outlook: towards CSRL model 2.0
▪ Use of the CSRL model for communication among stakeholders
▪ Switching between different levels of abstraction▪ Flexibility (vs. rigidity) in the modeling▪ The need for guidelines, facilitation and experts
present
▪ Goal: Improve support for design of applications supporting reflection, with guidelines for design and further (socio-technical) context for reflective learning
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Thank you very much!Questions?