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    IBM ^

    z/VM

    Module 1: Introduction

    The basic concepts and fundamental

    ideas of z/VM

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    Trademarks

    IBM, DFSMS/VM,

    Hipersockets, z/OS, zSeries,

    z/VM, GDPS, Parallel Sysplex

    and Tivoli are trademarks of

    International Business

    Machines Corporation in the

    United States, other countries,

    or both.

    Microsoft and Windows are

    trademarks of MicrosoftCorporation in the United

    States, other countries, or both.

    Java and all Java-based

    trademarks are trademarks of

    Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the

    United States, other countries,

    or both.

    Other company, product or

    service names may be

    trademarks or service marks of

    others.

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    Objectives

    What we should be able to do:

    Describe z/VM is and its benefits as an operating system

    Describe a virtual machine and what it does

    Describe the differences between a first level guest and a second

    level guest

    Define what is meant by virtualization technology

    List four hardware resources that z/VM virtualizes

    Name three examples of Virtualization and describe each

    List three advantages that can be obtained by using VirtualMachines

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    Objectives continued

    Define the following, note their differences, and tell how each

    is used:

    SAF

    IFL

    LPAR

    Describe the three different types of operating environments

    for z/VM

    Describe the conditions that led to the development of

    virtualization technology

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    What is z/VM?

    An operating system (VM = virtual machine)

    A hypervisor, which refers to a system that virtualizes the

    real hardware environment

    Runs on the zSeries architecture created by IBM

    Latest version is Version 4, Release 4

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    z/VM as an Operating System

    A highly flexible test and production environment

    Has the ability to run multiple machine images and

    architectures

    Can simplify the migration from one release to another

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    z/VM as an Operating System (2)

    Running an operating system in a virtual machine should be the sameas running an operating system on a real processor

    Storage, processors, and I/O devices should behave in the same wayon a virtual machine as on a real one

    z/VMs user interface is its Control Program (CP) commands

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    General z/VM Environment

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    What are Virtual Machines?

    z/VM uses real resources to create virtual machines that includeprocessors, memory, I/O devices, and networks

    Virtual machines run as if a guest system was running on the realhardware

    Virtualization Technology creates an illusion that z/VM uses tovirtualize hardware components VM allows users to run multiple copies and different types of

    operating systems on the same mainframe system

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    Creating System Level

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    z/VM Virtualization Technology

    Can reduce system administration costs for:

    Planning

    Purchasing Installing new hardware

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    Processor Virtualization

    The central processor is the core for:

    The real machine

    The virtual machine

    Virtualization features:

    Makes the guest operatingsystem believe that it

    has exclusive control of the

    processors

    Actually the processors are being

    shared among many

    operating systems

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    Memory Virtualization

    This diagram shows the

    translation process.

    Several different levels of

    translation are needed:

    Machine

    Physical memory

    Virtual memory

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    Storage Virtualization

    Physical Storage

    Direct Access Storage Devices(DASD) are the main storagedevice

    Minidisks are the partitions of

    the DASD storage deviceThese are the physical storagedevices that can be virtualizedto obtain virtual storage devices

    Virtual Storage

    Virtual disks are high speed

    disks that perform and are

    capable of the same operations

    as the physical storage devices

    If you have a CP failure or

    shutdown all virtual devices are

    lost

    Virtual storage increase

    performance and can

    increase total size ofstorage devices

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    I/O Virtualization

    I/O devices that can be virtualized:

    Ethernet NIC (network interface card)

    Game port controller

    Serial controller (COM)

    Parallel controller (LPT)

    Keyboard controller

    I/O to device that can be virtualized:

    Video adapter

    Mouse and keyboard

    Console interface

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    Examples of Virtualization-VTAPES

    Virtual tapes

    You can define and use virtual tape drives as if they were real

    tape drives

    Like real tapes, virtual tapes can be: Mounted

    Written

    Rewound

    Read

    Unloaded

    When a virtual tape is no longer required, it can be scratched

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    Three Advantages of Using VM

    Highly flexible environment

    Multiple machine images

    Many guest utilizing the same hardware

    Consolidates resources

    Cuts down on physical resources and space

    Condenses many operating systems into one server

    Increased performance

    Enhancement for z/VM 4.3 is its Timer Management

    Reduces bottlenecks and increases performance

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    Important Building Blocks of z/VM

    SAF

    System Administration Facility

    Similar to the Virtual Image Facility (VIF), an earlier component

    Has additional tools that provide:

    Easy migration for your existing Linux distribution

    Configuration files

    Linux images

    Data to z/VM

    Comes standard with all z/VM 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 packages

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    Important Building Blocks z/VM

    IFL

    Integrated Facility for Linux

    Dedicated Linux engine for processing only Linux workloads

    Supports:

    Linux applications

    Linux operating systems

    Linux operating system in conjunction with z/VM

    IBMs IFLs are managed by PR/SM as a logical partition with

    dedicated CPUs

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    Important Building Blocks z/VM

    Logical Partitions (LPARs)

    Provide the ability to share a single server among separate

    operating system images

    Help create a secure computing environment

    Processors can be dedicated or shared

    Can have multiple LPARs per server (up to 15 LPARs in a

    z900 server and up to 30 LPARs in a z990 server)

    Used in environments where separation of workloads is

    required, but where the use of a single hardware platform isdesired

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    Virtual versus Real

    Environments Virtual: (z/VM)

    Can be functionally richerthan a real environment

    Simulates hardware that does

    not have to exist in the realsystem, such as virtual tapes

    Can share a single copy of anapplication with many users

    Real: (LPAR)

    Has limitations depending on

    the hardware

    Hardware necessary to

    accomplish your task can be

    expensive

    Supports only one

    application for a single user

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    Operating Environments

    Logical Partitions (LPAR)

    Hardware partitioning that enables up to 30 "logical partitions in thez/Architecture

    Each LPAR runs a separate operating system

    Each LPAR can run a different operating system

    Virtual Partitions (z/VM) zSeries virtualization technology

    Supports large numbers of Linux images and other operating systems

    Provides management capabilities

    Very flexible; great for server consolidation

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    Running z/VM on an LPAR

    Logical partitions (LPARs) can over time reduce costs and

    increase flexibility

    z/VM on LPARs gives users better security with more control

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    How z/VM Fits with z/Architecture

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    Changes and Growth of z/VM

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    Versions and Releases

    Version changes:

    Indicate a significant change in capabilities

    May also change the software price

    Releasechanges: Indicate that an incremental change has been implemented

    Point Release changes:

    Indicate a service release or update

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    z/VM Version 4 Release 3-Expanding Virtualization Technology

    Virtualization Technology exploitation Accounting of Virtual network resources

    I/O priority queueing

    Improved DASD and minidisk cache

    Connectivity Enhancements

    Multicast support for HiperSockets

    Simulation of a QDIO network adapter

    System Management Improvements Better utilization of large real storage

    RACF for z/VM as an optional, priced feature

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    z/VM Version 4 Release 4Improves Virtualization Capabilities forLinux onzSeries

    Virtualization Technology and Linux Enablement:

    Helps reduce overhead and may improve performance of virtual

    machines on z990 servers

    Manages large numbers of virtual machines with high efficiency

    Network Virtualization Enhancements:

    Additional network-traffic configuration options using Virtual LANs(VLANs) and Virtual Switching

    Extended HiperSockets support

    Technology Exploitation Support for IBM z990:

    Improved logical-partitioning scalability with Logical Channel

    SubSystems (LCSS) Improved capacity planning and I/O performance measurements

    Supports up to 30 logical partitions (LPARs)

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    Key Concepts

    Virtual machines emulates hardware and allows multiple usersto use the same hardware components

    The importance of virtual machines:

    Virtual machines (VM) run as they were running on the real

    processor Can use hardware that does not have to exist in the real system

    by simulation and virtualization

    Virtual Machines can share a single copy of an application

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    Key Concepts continued

    What is Virtualization Technology:

    With virtualization technology, z/VM users can easily create manyvirtual machines consisting of:

    Virtualized processors

    Virtualized memory Virtualized storage

    Virtualized I/O resources

    These can reduce administration costs and the overhead ofplanning, purchasing, and installing new hardware to support new

    workloads.

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    Key Concepts continued

    The different types of environments:

    Logical Partitions (LPARs)

    Each of which runs a separate operating system

    Virtual Partitions (z/VM) Support for large numbers of Linux images and other

    operating systems

    Running z/VM on a LPAR

    z/VM on LPARs gives users better security with more control

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    Glossary

    Conversational Monitor System (CMS)- A component of z/VM that runs in avirtual machine and provides both the interactive z/VM end-user interfaceand the general z/VM application programming interface. CMS runs onlyunder the control of the z/VM Control Program (CP).

    Control Program (CP)- A component of z/VM that manages the resources ofa single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist. Eachapparent system, or virtual machine, is the functional equivalent of the real

    computer, and CP simulates the real machine architecture in the virtualmachine.

    Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)- A mass storage medium in which thedata access time is effectively independent of the data location. Analogousto the hard drive in a personal computer system.

    HiperSockets- A hardware channel that provides high-speed TCP/IPcommunication between logical partitions (LPARs) on the same IBM zSeries

    server. It uses an adaptation of the queued direct I/O (QDIO) architecture. Hypervisor- has the ability to present virtual images of hardware control using

    Control Program (CP) commands. Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)- a dedicated processor that handles Linux-

    only workloads

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    Glossary continued

    Logical PARtition (LPAR)- A subset of the processor hardware that is definedto support the operation of a system control program (operating system).

    Minidisks- a logical subdivision of a direct access storage device. OS/390- an operating system on the S/390 architecture. Queued Direct I/O (QDIO)- A hardware channel architecture for direct data

    exchange with I/O devices, where both the I/O device and the program

    running on the server refer to main storage directly through a set of dataqueues. The QDIO architecture is used by Open Systems Adapter-Express(OSA-Express), HiperSockets, and Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) channels.

    Remote Access Control Facility (RACF)- a mainframe security product thatcan run on z/VM.

    Real machine refers to a single operating system that has exclusive usageof the underlying hardware system. Personal computers operate as real

    machines.

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    Glossary continued

    Release- an incremental set of changes to a level of software. Restructured EXtended eXecutor (REXX)- a programming language that

    uses English-language like statements. System 360- the first mainframe architecture, which was created to run

    multiple discrete workloads. Transaction Processing Facility (TPF)- an operating system that provides

    real time, high volume transaction processing capability. Version- a significant change in software product capability. May be

    associated with an increase in software price. Virtualization- A technology that facilitates the creation of many virtual

    machines, consisting of virtualized processors, communications, storage,and I/O resources, on a single hardware system. The technology allowsvirtual machines to use hardware components, but they are indirectlyaccessed through virtualization.

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    Glossary continued

    Virtual images- copies of hardware that reflect the underlying systemarchitecture.

    Virtual machine- (1) A virtual data processing system that appears to be at theexclusive disposal of a particular user, but whose functions are accomplishedby sharing the resources of a real data processing system. (2) In z/VM, thevirtual processors, virtual storage, virtual devices, and virtual channel

    subsystem that CP allocates to a single user. A virtual machine also includesany expanded storage dedicated to it. VM/ESA- An earlier version of z/VM for 31-bit architecture systems. Virtual Storage Extended/Enterprise System Architecture (VSE/ESA) - an

    operating system that runs on S/390 and 31-bit architecture-capable zSeriessystems. Supports small and medium business applications.

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    Glossary continued

    z/Architecture- An IBM mainframe computer and operating systemarchitecture that includes most of the facilities of S/390 and providessignificant extensions such as 64-bit registers and addressing.

    z/OS- a mainframe operating system that supports both older COBOL-basedapplications and newer internet and Java-enabled applications, providing acomprehensive and diverse application execution environment. z/OS 1.4 is

    available on the Marist z900 server. z/OS.e- a specially-priced version of z/OS that provides select z/OS functions

    for the z800 and z890 processors. z/VM- an operating system that runs on zSeries mainframe servers. It takes

    advantage of the 64-bit capabilities of z/Architecture.