Mobile applications
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Transcript of Mobile applications
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Mobile applications
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Introduction
What is WAP ?
WAP Architecture
WAP Protocols
Demonstration
Outline
Conclusion
Mobile Services
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Introduction
Mobile Growth 2000 – 2009
• Total value of all applications stores was worth 343 million dollar ; Yankee Group 2009
Mobile Application Growth
• An estimated 4.1 Billion Mobile Phone subscriptions till 2009. By the International telecommunications union (ITU).
• Total subscriptions grew 563 %
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Mobile Services
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Imagine.. Anytime, Anywhere you can
Get financial information
Order and buy tickets
Pay your bills
Read the news
Read and send e-mails
Receive your voice-mail
Get a local guide to restaurants
Make stock queries
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WAP makes it possible!!
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A set of protocols which allow data exchange for
mobile cellular systems
The current world standard for the presentation and
delivery of wireless information
It is device independent
It is network independent
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What is WAP ?
Wireless Application Protocol : RFC 2636
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Current Constraints of
Less Bandwidth
High Latency
Less Stable Connections
Less Predictable Availability
Diverse range of network
standards
Less CPU Power
Less Memory and Storage
Restricted Power Consumption
Small / Variable Sized Displays
Variable Input Types
(Keypad, Pen, etc,)
Wireless Interfaces: Mobile Devices:
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Why use WAP ?
The importance of WAP comes due to the fact that it is promoted, developed and supported by important names in the world of wireless communications, of Internet, and of finance. In concrete terms, 90 % producers of equipment of mobile communications are members of the WAP Forum, the true promoter of standards WAP. Names appearing above constitute a very partial list.
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WAP Key Features
Mar
kup L
anguag
e
Wireless Telephony
Applications
Framework Lig
htwei
ght
Proto
col S
tack
Script Language
Designed to create servicesfor small handheld terminals
Multiple OS like Palm OS, EPOC, Flex OS, Java OS,
OS/9, PocketPC ec.
Access to telephony related functionality
Designed to minimize required bandwidth
and impact of latency
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Any WAP enable system consists of:
WAP Gateway
The HTTP Web Server
and The WAP device (ex any WAP enabled mobile)
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WAP Architecture (1/2)
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WAP Architecture (2/2)
Web Server
Content
CGIScripts
etc.
WM
L D
ecks
with
WM
L-S
crip
t
WAP Gateway
WML Encoder
WMLScriptCompiler
Protocol Adapters
Client
WML
WML-Script
WTAI
Etc.
HTTPWSP/WTP
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How WAP Works?
1 --WSP Request (URL)2 --WSP Response (Binary WML)3 --HTTP Request (URL)4 --HTTP Response (WML)
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HTMLJavaScript
HTTP
TLS - SSL
TCP/IPUDP/IP
Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)
Session Layer (WSP)
Security Layer (WTLS)
Transport Layer (WDP)
Other Services andApplications
Transaction Layer (WTP)
SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..
Bearers:
Comparison between Internet and WAP Models
GPRS
Internet
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WAP Protocols (1/4)
• WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)
– Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent
interface for two session services.
• A connection-oriented service that operates above the
transaction layer protocol WTP.
• A connectionless service that operates above a secure or
non-secure datagram service (WDP).
Wireless Session Layer (WSP)
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WAP Protocols (2/4)
• WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)
– Provides efficient request/reply based transport mechanism
suitable for devices with limited resources over networks
with low to medium bandwidth.
• WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client
without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price)
• WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to
transfer the same amount of data.
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
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WAP Protocols (3/4)
• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)
– A security protocol based upon the industry-standard
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly known
as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
– WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport
protocols and has been optimized for use over narrow-
band communication channels.
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
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WAP Protocols (4/4)
• WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)
– The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture
– Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and
Application layers
– Allows these upper layers to function independently of the
underlying wireless network. This is the key to global
interoperability
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
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How limits are handled ? (1/2)
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Low bandwidth• WML contents are encoded• WSP supports long-lived sessions• WTP designed to minimize number of transactions
High latency• Asynchronous request/response model• Client side programming using WMLScript• WTA repositories
Unreliable connection• WSP supports long-lived sessions to resume efficiently• Selective retransmission of segments by WTP
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How limits are handled ? (2/2)
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Small Display• Decks and card interface
Limit input facilities• Decks and cards makes inter-page navigation easier
Limited memory & CPU• Binary encoding of WML contents saves memory• Limited set of functionality of WMLScript & libraries
Limited battery power• Minimizing bandwith needs
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Demonstration
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Conclusion
The future of WAP depends largely on :
• whether consumers decide to use WAP devices to
access the Web,
• and also on whether a new technology comes
along that would require a different infrastructure
than WAP.
With the arrival of mobile 3G, WAP will be in strong usage, and
will become probably a spread and common standard.
Anytime, Anywhere, Any ...
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Thank You !