MOA-II 1.8m 望遠鏡の現状と将来 住 貴宏 (大阪大学) MOA collaboration 住 貴宏...
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Transcript of MOA-II 1.8m 望遠鏡の現状と将来 住 貴宏 (大阪大学) MOA collaboration 住 貴宏...
MOA-II 1.8m望遠鏡の現状と将来
MOA-II 1.8m望遠鏡の現状と将来
住 貴宏 (大阪大学)
MOA collaboration
住 貴宏 (大阪大学)
MOA collaboration
1,Galactic Dark Matter (LMC & SMC)
2,Galactic structure (the Bulge)
3,Exoplanets (the Bulge)
4, GRB
5, Guest Obervation
Gravitational MicrolensingGravitational MicrolensingGravitational MicrolensingGravitational Microlensing starstar
observerobserver lenslens
distortion of space due to gravity distortion of space due to gravity
100100arcsec.arcsec. If a lens is a star, elongation of images is an order of 100arcsecarcsec.
Just see a star magnified
MOA (since 1995)
( Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics )( New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude : 44S, Alt: 1029m )
MOA (since 1995)
( Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics )( New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude : 44S, Alt: 1029m )
1995~1998:MOA-0:0.6m,MOA-cam1(9Mpix)
1999~2005:MOA-I:0.6m,MOA-cam2(24Mpix)
2005~ :MOA-II:1.8m,MOA-cam3(80Mpix)
1995~1998:MOA-0:0.6m,MOA-cam1(9Mpix)
1999~2005:MOA-I:0.6m,MOA-cam2(24Mpix)
2005~ :MOA-II:1.8m,MOA-cam3(80Mpix)
MOA-II1.8m telescope( New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory at NZ, 44S )
Mirror : 1.8m (F=2.91)CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (MOA-cam3) FOV : 2.2 deg.2
Mirror : 1.8m (F=2.91)CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (MOA-cam3) FOV : 2.2 deg.2
First lightFirst light :: 3/20053/2005Survey startSurvey start : : 4/20064/2006
MOA-cam3CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (10 E2V CCD4482)
Pixel size: 0.58 arcsec/pix (15μm) FOV : 2.2 deg.2
Read out : 32 sec
CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (10 E2V CCD4482)
Pixel size: 0.58 arcsec/pix (15μm) FOV : 2.2 deg.2
Read out : 32 sec
MOA-II filterMOA-II filter
Observation by MOAObservation by MOA
•50 deg.2(50Mstars)
1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))
•1obs./95min.(Mjup)
1obs./47min. (Mnep)
1obs./15min. (M)
•50 deg.2(50Mstars)
1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))
•1obs./95min.(Mjup)
1obs./47min. (Mnep)
1obs./15min. (M)600600events (2010)events (2010)
http://www.massey.ac.nz/~iabond/alert/alert.html
G.C.
Real-time Anomaly check at Mt.JohnReal-time Anomaly check at Mt.JohnThe planet found
on 11/9/2009
anomalyanomaly
10 events with timescale tE< 2 days10 events with timescale tE< 2 days
tE=1.2days ~Jupiter mass
1day
€
tE =RE (M,D)
v t~ M /MJ day
M : lens massMJ: Jupiter massD : distancevt: velocity
timescaletimescale ::
474 events in 2 years
~ 20 days for stars
Timescale tE distributionTimescale tE distribution
Sumi et al. 2011, Nature, 473, 7347, 349-352
474events
Planetary-massobjects
Known objects
Black hole
Neutron star
White dwarf
Main sequence
Brown dwarf
€
N planet =1.8−0.8+1.7Nstar
M planet =1.1−0.6+1.2MJ
abundance :~1.8 as common as starsMass : 〜 Jupiter mass
Observational time&Operation rateObservational time&Operation rate
Operation rate = observation time / night time ≒ clear time
BulgeBulge
ゲスト観測32時間(2010−2011)
ゲスト観測(松岡氏、名大)UKIDSS 赤外カタログフィールドを MOA-wideRed で
観測5 分 x 347 = 32 時間 (2010−2011夏)• High z QSO 探査 ー>宇宙再電離• L, T 型褐色矮星探査
各赤方偏移にあるクエーサーの放射に対する銀河間空間透過率
様々な天体の二色図 (Y-J vs. I-Y) 。
将来計画
• Option A: カメラアップグレード• Option B: アフリカ、南米に新望遠鏡
• WFIRST 衛星 (2020~)
MOA-cam4 planMOA-cam4 plan• FOV 7~10 deg.2
• Pixel size ~0.5 arcsec/pix• Fully depleted CCD
• ~256M pixels (32x2kx4kCCD)= 7.04deg2
• ~320M pixels (40x2kx4kCCD)= 8.8deg2
• ~384M pixels (48x2kx4kCCD)=10.56deg2
• FOV 7~10 deg.2
• Pixel size ~0.5 arcsec/pix• Fully depleted CCD
• ~256M pixels (32x2kx4kCCD)= 7.04deg2
• ~320M pixels (40x2kx4kCCD)= 8.8deg2
• ~384M pixels (48x2kx4kCCD)=10.56deg2
2011
240mm
343mm
現在
現在 計画 観測効率
CCD 読み出し時間
32sec 16sec 1.14 倍 (60 秒露出時 )
量子効率( fully depleted CCD )
長波長感度高い
1.40 倍 (Red-band)
CCD( 視野 )
10 枚(2.2 平方度 )
32 枚(7.0 平方度 )
3.20 倍
合計 5.10 倍
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
• GRB 追観測用光学望遠鏡と連携 (ナミビア or アルゼンチン)
The WFIRST Microlensing The WFIRST Microlensing Exoplanet Survey: Exoplanet Survey:
Recommended by ASTRO 2010 Recommended by ASTRO 2010 Decadal reportDecadal report
WFIRST
Kepler Kepler vs. WFIRSTWFIRST
Figures from B. MacIntosh of the ExoPlanet Task Force Figures from B. MacIntosh of the ExoPlanet Task Force
WFIRST – w/ extended mission
Complete the census of planetary systems in the Galaxy
WFIRST’s Predicted Discoveries
~3000 exoplanets~300 sub Earth-mass Planets,>25 habitable planets( 0.5-10 MEarh 、 0.72-2.0 AU ) around FGK stars
~3000 exoplanets~300 sub Earth-mass Planets,>25 habitable planets( 0.5-10 MEarh 、 0.72-2.0 AU ) around FGK stars
~2000 FFP !~190 sub Eath-mass FFP!(>30 Earth-mass FFP ! )
Free-floating rocky planets may have liquid water, Stevenson (1999)