MLA REFERENCING AND CITATIONS POWERPOINT GUIDE

MLA REFERENCING AND CITATIONS POWERPOINT

GUIDE

MLA Referencing and Citations

• You need to use referencing and citations when:

• 1 – You use a quotation• 2 – You use an idea that is not your own• 3 – When you use a statistic


• You do not need to reference and cite:• 1 – General knowledge (ie. The Declaration of

Independence was written in 1776)• 2 – Common ideas that can be found in more

than three well known books (ie. Plato is a rationalist)


• There are different manners in which to reference and cite.

• Three of the most common are:- MLA Style- Chicago Style- APA Style

MLA and Chicago are usually used for the humanities (history, philosophy)

APA is usually used for the sciencesThis guide covers MLA


• When you use a quotation, idea or statistic that is not your own you need to:

• Place the author’s name and the page number, from where you found the information, in brackets directly following the quotation, idea or statistic.

• List the book in the bibliography/works cited list.

MLA In-Text Citations

• In-Text citations should appear in brackets directly after the sentence that contains the information that needs to be referenced.

• Quotations should appear in-text if under 25 words and should be indented, single spaced and separated by a blank line if over 25 words.


There is clear indication that Plato does not believe

his society could actually exist:

Do you suppose that what we say is any less good on account of our not being able to prove that it is possible to found a city the same as the one in speech. (Plato 472)

This demonstrates that the society introduced in The

Republic is a philosophic exercise as opposed to an actual

plan.


It was the Sophist’s notion of moral relativity that inspired Socrates.

Protagoras’ declaration that, “Man is the measure of all things”

displayed a lack of understanding, or caring, for any higher truths.

(Gaarder 62) Thus, Socrates, had to teach the Athenians that there

were matters more important than the individual, and that a

universal ethics existed.


Although Jefferson displayed progressive ideas,

he would not release his slaves. The reason was

a practical one, money. (Johnson 336) Jefferson

was constantly in debt, mostly to London banking

houses.


In the years 1997 – 1999 Nike spent 85% of their operating budget on advertisement as opposed to 10% of their budget on wages and salaries. (Klein 76) This statistic illuminates how care for brands has become more important than care for people.

MLA Bibliography or Works Cited List

• Information in in-text citations must correspond to information in the bibliography or works cited list.

• A teacher must be able to link an in-text citation to the work in the bibliography or works cited list.

• A bibliography or works cited list should appear at the end of an essay, with an underlined title.

• Works in the bibliography or works cited list must be compiled alphabetically, by author, and if no author, then by title.

• All in-text citations must have a corresponding reference in the bibliography or works cited list.


• Book with one author:

Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs and Steel. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997.


• Book with two authors:Johnson, Paul and Anthony, James. A History of

the Jewish People. New York: Harper and Collins, 1991.


• Book with three authors or more:Jackson, Steven, et al. The New America.

Boston: Harvard University Press, 1983.


• Book with an author (translated):Plato. The Republic of Plato. Trans. Allan

Bloom. The United States: Basic Books, 1968.


• An edition of a book:Crowley, Sharon. Ancient History for Modern

Students. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson and Longman, 2006.


• A work prepared by an editor:Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret

Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.


• An essay or chapter from a book:Klein, Naomi. “The Anti-Globalization

Movement.” Globalization in Focus. Ed. Michael Lewis. Toronto: McGraw Hill, 2002.


• Article from a magazine:Buchanan, Phillip. “Censorship: A Modern

Necessity.” Time. December 2005: p. 24 – 27


• Article from a newspaper:Bielski, Zosia. “The Homeless in Toronto.” The

National Post. 24 May 2004. E4.


• Article from a newspaper taken off the web:Stolley, Karl. “Grits Not Tough Enough.” The

Toronto Star. 10 May 2006. <http://thetorontostar.ca/gritsnot/may/politics/nes>


• Article from a website:Mayer, Mason. “Hannah Arendt.” The Internet

Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. 4 May 2002. The University of Tennessee. 30 November 2008. <http://iep.utm.edu/arendt>


• Webpage with no author:“Statistics Canada: Ontario.” Statistics Canada.

10 June 2005. Government of Canada. 12 September 2008. <http://gov.stat.ca/ontario/pop/eth>


• Film or movie:Tarantino, Quinton. Pulp Fiction. 1994.

Twentieth Century Fox.


• Television Show or Radio Broadcast:“They Saved Lisa’s Brain.” The Simpsons.

Twentieth Century Fox. 1999.

MLA REFERENCING AND CITATIONS POWERPOINT GUIDE

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