M.K.Klamer_2000_Revised 2002 Organizational Structure Main Idea and Inferences Literary Devices...

M.K.Klamer_2000_Revised 2002

Organizational Structure

Main Idea and

Inferences

Literary Devices

Anything Goes

Sentence Structure

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“Many caves contain formations called stalactites and stalagmites. They are formed by deposits of calcium carbonate in limestone caves. They are both often shaped like cones. Yet, they aren’t quite the same. Stalactites are formed on the roofs of caves. As water drips downward from the roof, more calcium clings to the stalactites, and they slowly grow longer. Stalagmites form on the floor of caves. As water drips down on the floor, more and more calcium clings to them and the stalagmites slowly grow downward.”

Which organizational structure does the paragraph follow?

a) Comparison and contrast b) cause and effect relationship

c) Logical order d) transition

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Answer:

A) Comparison and contrast

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Smoking has many serious effects. The most obvious effect is the deterioration of a smoker's health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, increases blood pressure, increases the risk of heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems. A smoker's cough expels phlegm, a thick mucus in the nose and the throat that wants to escape the body. Prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to hook up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis; a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive…

Which organizational structure was used to arrange the information in the above paragraph?

a) Comparison and Contrast b) Cause and Effect Relationship

c) Chronological Order d) Logical Order


Answer:

B) Cause and Effect Relationship

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My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Thirdly, these towns are similar in that they contain college campuses.

Which organizational structure was used to arrange the information in the above

paragraph?

a) Comparison and Contrast b) Cause and Effect Relationshipc) Chronological Order d) Logical Order

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Answer:

A) Comparison and Contrast

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Scientists divide mitosis, the process where one copy of the DNA is distributed into the two daughter cells, into four parts. During the first phase, prophase, the chromosomes in the cell’s nucleus begins to condense and coil. They begin to look like a fishing line wrapping around a ball. In the next phase, metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. While lining up, the chromosomes attach themselves to a spindle fiber. In the third phase, anaphase, the chromosomes split. Furthermore, once the chromosomes have spilt the two halves move to opposite ends of the cell. As a result, the cell becomes stretched out as the opposite ends pull apart. Finally, the cell reaches the telophase stage.

Which organizational structure was used to arrange the information in the above paragraph?

a) Comparison and Contrast b) Cause and Effect Relationship

c) Chronological Order d) Logical OrderCheck Your Answer

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Answer:

C) Chronological Order

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Many houses today are constructed by builders who own and develop an area of homes. The builders often hire teams of workers who go from site to site specializing in certain tasks. To make this easier and to make the cost of materials less expensive, the houses are all built based on the same floor plan and the exteriors only have minor variations in styles and materials. Consequently, the interior details as well as the exteriors look very much the same from house to house. The overall result of this system is a lack of charm and individuality of homes in such housing additions.

What organizational structure was used to arrange the information in the paragraph above?

a) Comparison and Contrast b) Cause and Effect Relationshipc) Chronological Order d) Logical Order

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Answer:

B) Cause and Effect

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“Julio and his father had been looking forward to their fishing trip for weeks. They didn't take much food with them on the trip. When they started fishing they were quickly approached by a forest ranger. He asked Julio's father if he had a fishing license. Julio's father reached into his wallet and suddenlygot a terrified look on his face. Julio was disappointed that night as he ate dinner.”

Why did Julio and his father not take much food with them on the trip?

a. they didn't want to eat too muchb. they didn't have any food at their housec. they were planning on eating the fish that they caught d. they don't like to eat fish

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Answer:

c. they were planning on eating the fish that they caught

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“Julio and his father had been looking forward to their fishing trip for weeks. They didn't take much food with them on the trip. When they started fishing they were quickly approached by a forest ranger. He asked Julio's father if he had a fishing license. Julio's father reached into his wallet and suddenlygot a terrified look on his face. Julio was disappointed that night as he ate dinner.”

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn about the story?

a. Julio was disappointed at dinner because he was hoping to have fish for dinner.b. Julio's mother doesn't like fishc. It takes a long time to catch fishd. Julio's father is a better fisherman than Julio

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Answer:

a) Julio was disappointed at dinner because he was hoping to have fish for dinner.

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“Kids are collecting more than stamps and stickers these day. Some collect coins and bills from around the world. Others collect miniature houses and mansions. An eighth-grade girl in Detroit, Michigan, collects spiders.”

What is the main idea of the above paragraph?

a) Children are only collecting stamps and stickers.

b) Eighth graders typically collect spiders.

c) Children collect many different things today.

d) Parents encourage their children to collect many different items.Check Your Answer

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Answer:

C) Children collect many different things today.

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“Have you ever heard the saying, “One man’s trash is another’s man’s fortune”? There are a number of stories from people who have found valuable antiques at auction sales, rummage sales, or Salvation Army resale shops. Next time you think about throwing or giving something away, perhaps you should determine its value.”

What is the main idea of the above paragraph?

a) Some objects may be worth more than we think.

b) Antiques are worth a fortune.

c) The Salvation Army resells items for people to buy.

d) Trash can turn into a fortune.

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Answer:

a) Some objects may be worth more than we think.

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“Annie could hear the music playing over the loud speaker in the mall. She and her mother were shopping for a present for her father. Annie could see a big line in the center of the mall. She wondered what all the people were waiting for. She then heard a jolly "HO! HO! HO!" from the center of the crowd and she quickly realized what the people were waiting on. As Annie and her mother walked through the mall, she noticed that the store windows were decorated with green, white, and red decorations.”

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the story?

a. Annie will get what she wants for Christmasb. Annie and her mother go to the mall oftenc. Santa Claus is coming to townd. the store windows were decorated for Christmas


Answer:

d) the store windows were decorated for Christmas

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“We tried to desperately revive Joe after he passed out during the basketball game.”

What does the word “revive” most nearly mean?

a) Give life to

b) Return

c) To pull up

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Answer:

a) give life to

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“As soon as the babysitter arrived, the twins began to scheme up ways to annoy her.”

Which of the following words is a synonym for “scheme”?

a) Conspire

b) Schedule

c) Scatter

d) do


Answer:

a) Conspire

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“Elizabeth beckoned to me from across the gym, waving me toward her with her hand.”

Which of the following words is most nearly an antonym for the word “beckoned”?

a) entice

b) Push away

c) Summon

d) inviteCheck Your Answer

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Answer:

B) Push away

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“The president demanded the liberation of the prisoner, saying that it was wrong to keep them in jail now.”

Which of the following words in most nearly a synonym for the word “liberation”?

a) Imprisonment

b) Freedom

c) Captive

d) liberal

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Answer:

B) Freedom

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“During his long illness, Marco became gaunt—all skin and bones.”

Which of the following words is a synonym for the word “gaunt”?

a) Gluttonous

b) Skinny

c) Sick

d) corpulentCheck Your Answer

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Answer:

b) Skinny

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Question: Which type of sentence is shown below?

Although Soon-ye has only been playing softball for one year, she is an excellent player.

A) simple

B) compound

C) complex

D) Compound-complexCheck Your Answer

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$200Question: Which sentence is a compound sentence?

A) Whitney and I go to lots of movies. B) When I finish painting the garage door, I will paint the

back fence. C) Jorge woke up, dressed, ate breakfast, and ran to

school. D) I read a book about Georgia O’Keeffe, but I have

never seen on of her paintings.


Answer:

D) I read a book about Georgia O’Keeffe, but I have never seen on of her paintings.

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Which is a compound-complex sentence

a. All of the children in the class raced to the door.b. I would not eat that if I were you, but it is up to you.c. Hannah knew what Jason wanted to do and tried to help him.d. Sophie, Natalie and Elizabeth were all good friends at the same school.

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Answer:

b. I would not eat that if I were you, but it is up to you.

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What is the BEST way to combine the two simple sentences to form a compound sentence?

I was very hungry. I ate a cheeseburger, two bags of potato chips, and a lemon bar.

a. I ate a cheeseburger, two bags of potato chips, and a lemon bar, so I was very hungry. b. I was very hungry, so I ate a cheeseburger, two bags of potato chips, and a lemon bar.c. I ate a cheeseburger, two bags of potato chips, and a lemon bar and was very hungry.d. I was hungry: I ate a cheeseburger, two bags of potato chips, and a lemon bar.

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Answer:

b. I was very hungry, so I ate a cheeseburger, two bags of potato chips, and a lemon bar.

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Which type of sentence is this?

Impressionist works of art, which were produced in nineteenth-century France, are now very valuable.

a. simpleb. complexc. compoundd. compound-complex

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Answer:

b. complex

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Which is the BEST way to combine the two phrases to form a complete sentence?

Julia runs. As Peter bicycles to the park.

a. Julia runs as Peter bicycles to the park.b. Julia runs and as Peter bicycles to the park.c. As Peter bicycles and Julia runs to the park.d. As Peter bicycles to the park and Julia runs.

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Answer:

a. Julia runs as Peter bicycles to the park.

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“He thought he saw an Elephant,That practiced on a fife:

He looked again, and found it wasA letter from his wife.

“At length I realize,” he said,“The bitterness of Life!”

The boldfaced lines contain an example of:

a) Metaphorb) Personificationc) Similed) hyperbole

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Answer:

a) Personification

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“He thought he saw an Elephant,That practiced on a fife:

He looked again, and found it wasA letter from his wife.

“At length I realize,” he said,“The bitterness of Life!”

Which pattern below describes the rhyme scheme of the first verse?

a) a, b, c, b, d, bb) a, b, c, a, b, cc) a, b, a, b, a, bd) a, a, b, b, c, c,


Answer:

a) a, b, c, b, d, b

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What you call ignorance is innocence. What you call darkness is the shadow of my decree.

The boldfaced words in the line above are an example of what literary device?

a) Metaphor

b) Simile

c) Onomatopoeia

d) Hyperbole

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Answer:

a) Metaphor

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Then from the gladdened multitude went up a joyous yell-It rumbled in the mountaintops, it rattled in the dell;

It struck upon the hillside and rebounded on the flat;For Casey, mighty Casey, was advancing to the bat.

What literary device is being used in the boldfaced phrase?a) Alliterationb) Similec) Metaphord) Hyperbole

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Answer:

D.) Hyperbole

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“As Simpleton slowly crept into the tent where the family lived each summer, you could see the holes in his moccasins and in his simple suit of buffalo skin that was so worn and soft and smooth that it was honey.”

The above boldfaced phrase is an example of:a) Hyperboleb) Personificationc) a similed) a metaphor

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Answer:

d) A metaphor

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“Many people sort and recycle their garbage. Why should they spend extra time to do this? There are some very good reasons why everyone should recycle their garbage.”

If the above paragraph was the introduction to an essay you could assume that the author’s purpose would be to _______________________________________.

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Answer:

Persuade/convince people to start recycling

M.K.Klamer_2000_Revised 2002 Organizational Structure Main Idea and Inferences Literary Devices...

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