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Sri Lanka Vegetarian SocietY

136, High Level Road, Maharagama'Telephone : 851739

Presrdent :

Vrce President :

Secretar\' :

Assrstent SecLetatv :

Treasuret :

Asst. Treasurer :

N'lirhrncla Pairharvadana tTel: 85 1 094)

Srvanandtni Duraiswamv tTel:588891 t

Dhiunadasa Wiiemanne iTel: 8-i1139t

Anil Abevgunarvardana

Sarnan ChandLa Ranasinghe

Anura De Srlva

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05Famous Vegetarians - l

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The Martina Nawatilova story is the stufr ofHollyrood movies. A poor girl from a tinyrillage outside Prague, she began her careerplayng against a wall with her grandmother'sold racket. Coached by her father, who spottedher early promise, she was the Czechoslovakwomen's champion at 15 and a year later shehad joined the international tennis circuit.

Arguably the greatest woman athlete of alltime, Martina is the legendary holder of 166

titles - no other player has come close tobeating her record. She has won Wimbledonnine times and is the only player to havereceived a standing ovation from the crowd.

Talking on the eve of the thrilling Wimbledonfinal with eventual winner Conchita Martinez,she said: "Being vegetarian has made memore at peace with myself. My wholeapproach to life has changed. Now I feel good

about what I'm eating".

Just three years ago, Martina .. happilyaccepted an offer to go pheasant shooting.With characteristic honesty Martina makes noexcuses.

"I've always believed you shouldn't eat thingsyou are not prepared to kill ... If more peoplehad to kill their food, they'd be put off fromever eating meat".

The second year I went pheasant shooting, itreally bothered me. I'd been thinking of thehealth aspects of not eating meat, but it wasmore than that. I was beginning to considerthe philosophical issues. It surprised me - thatchange in my attitude. I realised that I couldnever kill my food again and that I wouldnever go back to eating meat".

"My mother said my vegetarianism wouldnever last and for the first month it was, "MyGod, what do I eat?" Now, the variety of myfood has never been greater. I began to realisehow much meat+ating has to do with being

programmed to eat meatchoice.

as a 'natural'

/

That goes for top athletes too. But Martina'sanswer to the idea that attrletes need meat forperformance is to refer to Carl Lewis. " Acouple of years ago, I read that he'd becomevegetarian. When people tell me ttrat I needmeat to be fast I say, "Carl Lewis looks prettyquick to me".

Besides, neither the coach nor trainer noticedany falling off in her performance. Martinahas no doubt vegetarianism actually improvedit. "I found my .recovery after matches wasmuch faster. I was more flexible. I only wishI'd done it years ago... I don't take foodsupplements. I don't need to. A balanced dietgives you all the vitamins...and minerals youneed"-

Reading up on nutrition helped Martinaachieve that healthy balance, but she's a greatbeliever in responding to her body's individualneeds.

"There's the temptation for new vegetarians togo to extremes. But they can miss out onessential protein and vitamins and feeldreadful. So it is vital to know what you aredoing if this is going to b€ the way you eat therest of your life."

"As an athlete I've obviously had to respectmy body. I've been listening to it for 20 yearsand am very much in tune with its needs, Butevery one is different. What works for oneperson doesn't necessarily suit another. Youhave to take note ofwhat your body says andrespond to it."

Unfortunately the world of catering still needs

to brush up its listening skills when it comesto providing meat-and-fish,free meals. "Overthe years restaurants have got htter atcatering for vegetarians. They don't look atyou with that funny expression, but you cannever be really sure what you are eating unlessyou've cooked it yourself."

Mituru Lova, January 1998

Over to p.06

06 As a dedicated supporter of numerous

charities for under-privileged and abused

children, Martina often comperes fund-

raising charity matches with former

Wimbledon rival Chris Evert. "ln the past

I've lent my lulme and contributedfinancially to PETA (People for the Ethical

Treatnent of Animals). In future I want to

get more actively involved... "

ln fact she's happy her retirement from

competitive tennis will allow her more time

to promote animal rights. " I've had a

longer run than I ever expected and I'mvery gratefirl. Now I want to do other

things. At first I didn't talk about my

beliefs, but lately. I've become more

willing".

'.Not eating meat has brought me so many

good effects. Immediately rny skin

improved. My period is much easier and Ino longer get cramps... Vegetarianism has

brought me into balance physically and

mentally." .

And she believes that it is an on-going

process. "There are degrees to horv \t'e

become vegetarian and how we go about itI haven't bought any leather articles for a

very long time... Obviously I gave up furs

many years ago... My ideal is to be able

to avoid all animal products, in food as

well as clothing."

(,4bidged and edited from an article by Roz

d'Ombraine Hewitt in Vegetaian Living, October

t ee4)

(By Wang Chien Chi-h, M. A')

More than two million Taiwanese or about

thirteen to fifteen percent of the population,

iue vegetarians. But in the history ofTaiwan there has hardlY been any

Miruru Lova, January 1998

organised vegetanan movement. Then, why

are tlere so many vegetarians in Taiwan?

It is mostly due to religion. Both Buddhism

and Taoism, the two main religions of the

island, advocate strict vegetarianism. Ofthe two, Buddhism has many more

followers than the other.

Mahayana Buddhist monks and nuns rn

China have been strict vegetarians since

ancient times. They practice vegetarianism

on account of the principle of ccmpassion.

According to them, all beings are equal in

ultimate nature; all have the potentiality to

enlightenment. Human beings. though

superior in evolution, do not have the right

to harm other berngs, let alone taking away

their lives. They rnust live in harmony withall the other beings and with Nature.

Killrng is the worst karma we can commit

When animals are killed for human

satisfaction, they die in great pain and with

hatred in their hearts. Such hatred will turn

into a harmful energy in the universe.

Compassion and the wish to maintain a

good relationship with all other beings are

two basic reasons for the vegetarianism ofthe Chinese monks.

Buddhist monks not only Practicevegetariarusm, they also advise their lay

followers to practice it. When you become

a Buddhist, the monks insist that at least

for breakfast you must take only vegetarian

food. And for at least tw'o days of the

month you must practice vegetananism,

namely the first day and the full-moon day'

Among the five precepts. non-killing is the

one that is emphasised the most' And

practising vegetarianism is the best way to

carry out tlus precept.. Many who become

Buddhists gradually become full-time

vegetarians and also influence their

families in this direction. ln my own

farnily, my mother became a Buddhist rn

1984 and in the following year she became

a vegetarian and all members of the family

followed her example. Thus the Buddhist

influence explains why there are so nurny

vegetarian families in Taiwan.

(,

Over to p.09

07

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09ln recent years some people have tumed tovegetarianism on account of health reasons

too. The religious idea of non-killing and

the principle of heatrthier nourishment have

combined to attract more and more people

to vegetarianism. But the Buddhistinfluence provides the stronger motivation.In every Buddhist temple, books aboutvegetarianistrfl are wailable to be given tovisitors "far free. In every Buddhistsermon, vegetarianism is included as animportant topic. And almost all the

vegetarian restaurants are run by devout

followers of Buddhism.

In Taiwan therefore Buddhism andvegetarianism are inseparable. Topractice vegetarianism is the first step topractice Buddhism. The purpose of

being a vegetarian is to carry out Buddhistideas such as compassion and benevolence.

lt must be said that the Buddhist clergy inTaiwan do not set out to play a separaterole as advocates of vegetarianism. Fromtheir point of view, they are just practisingnon-killing and since it is a good deed theyalso encourage other people to practice it.But in the end it turns out to be such an

important influence for the whole ofsociety. To have a kinder and morepeaceful world is one important message

ttrat we can get from Buddhist texts andpractising vegetarianism brings us closer tothis ideal.(Mr l4tang of Taipeh, Taivan is presentlystudying at the Post Grsduate Institute ofPali and Buddhist Studies of KelaniyaUniversity).

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"How healthy o particular vegetartan diet is, depends largely on itsvariety. No single food is vital for good health... Meat for exomple can be

replaced by ,. nuts, cereals or pulses. A vegetarian who is imaginativewith his or her diet should not lack any essential natrients and may

' have a more healthful diet than people who eat meat. "

The American Medical Association Family Medical Guide by Jeffrey R. M. Kng,MD and Asher J. Finkel, MD (Revised and updated edition), Random House, New

York, 1987, p.27

Adding ruuung or very brisk walking to a low-fat diet helps reduce cholesterol levels even

further, U S researchers recently reported. A report in the American Journal of ClinicalNutrition'found that vegetarians, who alread-v have lorver cholesterol levels, could improvethem further if they ran. Vegetarians rvho ran for exercise had lower levels of LDL or 'bad'cholesterol and higher levels of HDL. the so-called 'good' cholesterol that carries fat awayfrom the arteries, Paul Williams of the Larvrence Berkeley National Laboratory rn Berkeley,California, found.

Thus, by vigorous exercise, vegetanans can avoid having low HDL choiesterol, while retainingthe other health benefits of their diet. Williams said in a statement.

The volunteers for this study were recruited at races and through runners' magazines. Theyincluded vegetarians rvho eat no meat, fish or poultry, vegans who avoid all animal products

including dairy and eggs, and omnivores rvho ate all kinds of food.(From a Reuter report datelined lltashington which in the Daily |rlews of Nov 12, 1997)

Mituru Lova, January 1998

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ln recent years, the meatless way of life hassurged in popularity, largely becauseincreasing evidence indicates that asensible v'egetarian diet is better for youthan a meat-healy one. Consider threepotential reasons for switching to a menu

that emphasises vegetable foods.

1. To protect your heart. A comparativestudy of diet and heart disease in seven

countries showed that the death rate fromcoronary heart disease was highest incountries where the most animal products,including dairy foods, were consumed. TheFinns, who consumed the most, had thehighest death rate from heart disease.

Americans were next (except for Seventh-

day Adventists, most of whom eat no meat

or poultry: they' have only half the amountof heart disease that other Amencanshave)

Scientists at the University of Milan foundin one study that, on diets equally low infat and cholesterol, persons eating animalprotein had higher levels of cholesterol intheir blood than those fed a diet containingprimarily vegetable protein. While furtherstudies are needed, recent research

indicates that certain types of fibres foundin plant foods can actually help to lowerblood cholesterol.

2. To control your weight. ln view oftoday's obsession u.ith slimness. it is

surprising that more people have notswitched to a vegetarian diet. A test groupof 116 vegetarians weighed on average

almost two and a half stones less than acomparable meat-eating group.

Why should this be so? Because a

vegetarian. diet is bulky and filling, it is

difficult - unless you gorge on cakes and

cheese - to consume as many calories in aday as the typical meat- and-potatoes man.

The calories in just two thick slices ofbacon, for example, far exceed those in a

whole cup of cooked porridge. And forthe calorific value of a six-ounce steak, avegetarian could eat almost a pound ofcooked noodles. Not suqprisurgly, mostpeople lose weight when they start a

vegetanan diet.

3. To reduce the risk ofcancer. Research

over the past decades suggests that thesErme kind of high animal-fat andcholesterol diet that may set the stage forheart disease may also contribute to thegrowth of cancers of the colon, breast anduterus. Among Seventhday Adventists and

.the Japanese, these cancers are relativelyuncommon, but they are leading types ofcancer among people who eat a lot of meat.

There are several possible explanations forthrs relationship. With cancer of the colon,diets rich in saturated fats and cholesterolmay result in large accumulations ofnatural cancer-promoting chemicals in thegut.

The relatively low fibre content of such

diets may also result in slow-movingbowels and prolonged contact of the

cancer-promoting chemicals with bodytissues. Finally, the growth of breast and

uterine cancers can be stimulated by

oestrogen hormones, and diets high in fatand cholesterol tend to produce oestrogen-

hke hormones in the gut and in body'' fat.

A variety of vegetable foods- brussels

sprouts, cauUflower. tumrps. cabbage and

spinach - can stimulate the production ofanti-cancer enzymes in the body. In a study

at the State University of New York at

Buffalo, Prof. Saxon Graham found thatpeople who regularly consumed large

amounts of vegetables in the cabbage

family had lower than expected rates ofcancer in the colon and rectum. A chemicalu: these vegetables is known to block the

action ofsubstances.

certain cancer-causing

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15

But wait a minute! Weren't we designed tobe meat+aters? And don't we requireanimal protein for strength and energy?

The answer to both questions is aresounding 6'no" Although we arehistorically omnivorous (both plant- andmeat- eating), our anatomical equipment -teeth, jaws. digestive system - favours adiet that ernphasises plant foods.

As for energv, a host of studies have shownthat it is not protein but carbohydrates,mostly from vegetables. grains, legumesand fruit, that fuel our muscles. Thetraditional training meal of a thick steak iscounter-productive. A plate of rice wouldbe far better.

It really is easy to be a good vegetarian.You don't need a lot of time, detailedknowledge of nutrition, or elaborate chartsand formulas. But there are severalimporlant fdcts you should knorv:

r Most animal proteins are "complete".rnost vegetable proteins are"incomplete". Since vour body, requirescomplete proteins to function properlv.you must combine vegetable proteins ina way that makes them complete.

. Two or more incomplete vegetableproteins can be combined in a meal toform complete protein or small arnountsof complete animal protein can be usedto supplement an incomplete one. Hereare 3 simple ways to do it: (l) CombineIegumes (peas, beans. especially sova.peanuts. lentils) with grains (barley.wheat, rice etc.). (2) Combrne legumeswith nuts and seeds. (3) Combine dairyproducts with any vegetable protein.

If the protein you eat is to be used to meetyour protein requirement, your diet mustcontain enough calories to support yourideal weight. Otherwise, the body will usethe protein for fuel and there won'tbe enough for growttr and rebuilding yourbody tissues.

As a vegetarian you must also meetyour vitamin and mineral requirements.Strict vegetarians, who eat no animal foodslike milk etc., get inadequate amounts ofvitamin Bl2, unless they take a vitaminBl2 supplement. But even if you eat milk-as well as plant- products, you should eat avariety of vegetable foods, surce differentkinds provide different essential nutrients.If you choose your foods properly, youwill not have to take any vitamin ormineral supplements.

r Select your daily menu from each of thefollowing food groups, in addrtion todairv products:

(l) Legumes. nuts and seeds - two or moreservings.

(2) Whole -grain cereals and breads - threeor more servings.

(3) Vegetables and fruits- one or moreserv'ings of the follorving: citrus fruit.potato, kinds of melon, tomato.cabbage, stra\yberries. spinach

(4) Two or more sewings of dark greenand deep yeilorv vegetables and fruits

(5) Fats (vegetable oil, especially soya oil.or margarine) - about one or two tablespoons.

If you are pregnant or nursing a baby,your requirements for protein, vitamins andminerals increase significantly. Consult adoctor or dietician.

We would all be better off if westopped thinking of vegetables andgrains merely as side dishes toembellish a chunk of meat. Mealsbased on vegetables can providesound nutrition for evera one.

(Adapted from an article in the Reader'sDigest by Jane Brody , author ofJane Brody'sNutrition Book)

16SRI LANKA VEGETARIAN SOCIETY

The SLVS was founded in November 1982 by Dr E.W. Adikaram who was an outstanding thinker apclhunlanitarian that Sri Larrka produced in recent times. We retain the same nariie as a mark of gratitude to hr,. Atthe same time. in our activities we will be gutded bv our perception of what is best to be done in the socitrlcolltext in which we live at the present ttme. We hope that this will enable the Societv to be a vilrra*t andlorrr rrJ-look i ng trrganisalion.

\Ve are appalled by the crr ,-'lty and inhumanitv that are fast taking root in our societ),. We value iil'e rn allits iotins and realise the tremendous soci::tal, ethical. and ecclogical harm that has resulted fronr barbar.irics inthe rtew ways (lf iiving that deny this value. We rvish to do all that is ri'ithtn our capacitv to tur:r.i this ticle.

N'{ankilrd's dcep-seated moral and religious irnpulses have been cruellv frustrated b},the:taiLtre ol tlre sot.ierl inu'hich we are corrrpelled to live. Hence there is r1o\! rn Llrsent need for a \\i-1\ of life that satisiics oLlr cthical.sprritr-ral. aestheric ltnd enl'ironmental values. We feel that vegetariuni:nt i..L precticai response tlr;rt si-eativfLtiiijs this conte mpori.rrv need.

i-)r-il ntairt airn is to rcs,.tscitate the fast disappearing values o1'hurnanism and kin'llin.-rr. nlr-)rit frlrticular.ll,Itlrlolrg oiir e:hiltli'en al.id r ortng people. through the prornotion of vegetarianisn-r and tite di.:e irrinuttitit oj infor-ir::iiir--n ahottt isrtter relatecl to health, anirnal rights, the need to Dreserve bio-diieisitr. rite cni,:ities ol kiliing:rnd its cii'ects (ln cur. or,r'n inner character.

\\'t also u'ish to proinote solidarity arnong vegetarians and clcate lacilities for thent rihrch:1ri \.\erclr lackinsin i,i,tr socicl,v. \Vc alc not t'rnly for animal rights but also tnost ernphaticaliy for reretiirian:'rigitt..

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6 e"at E6@t"enat6 a@6a aOpaOoi S Co6) 6,6@t"atan6 6alg a*ot@a 88ol ganfla 8.Published b), the Sri Lanka Vegetarian Bhikkhu Orgctiisation on behalf of Sri Lanka Vegetarian Society

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