Mitosis & Meiosis Yvonne Norman Edited By: Ashlee Palermo.
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Transcript of Mitosis & Meiosis Yvonne Norman Edited By: Ashlee Palermo.
Mitosis & MeiosisYvonne Norman
Edited By: Ashlee Palermo
Objectives
Define mitosis. Define meiosis. Analyze function of mitosis and
meiosis in cell differentiation.
Mitosis: If a cell wants to make a ____________ of itself, it
first must copy its DNA (part of a chromosome).
The copies then must be _________& _________ into two sides of the cell.
The cell then splits in two. Part of each parent is carried to the two new cells.
Results in cells such as internal organs, _______, bones, _________ etc.
Meiosis: As in mitosis, if a cell wants to make a duplicate of itself,
it first must copy its DNA (part of a chromosome).
Results in _________________cells (sperm, eggs, etc).
Part of each parent is carried to the ________ new cells.
Meiosis has evolved to solve a problem.
The problem is this: some organisms mate with other organisms – that is, they combine their genes together (creating genetic diversity).
Why would this be a problem?
Use this to remember these terms:
MITosis takes the cell and Makes It Two (diploid)
Meiosis has to do with sexual reproduction
From the cell’s point of view: mITosis results in Identical Twins mEioSis results in Egg and Sperm (haploid)
Clyde Freeman Herreid – Dept. of Biological Sciences: Buffalo State Univ. of New York
Mitosis: Meiosis:
Each resulting cell still has chromosomes from mom & dad
Mitosis
Mitosis animations: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WwIKdyBN_s&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0
Vocabulary
Diploid Haploid
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Interphase occurs just before Mitosis begins:
DNA is _______________ along with organelles and other cellular components and the cell prepares for division.
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm
Mitosis Interphase
Animal cellPlant cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
1st step in Mitosis: Prophase (preparation phase)
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm
The DNA recoils, and the chromosomes condense; the nuclear membrane disappears, and the ____________ ____________ begin to form.
Mitosis Prophase
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Animal cell Plant cell
2nd step in Mitosis:metaphase (organizational
phase) The
chromosomes line up the __________ of the cell with the help of spindle fibers attached to the ___________ of each replicated chromosome.
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm
Mitosis Metaphase
Animal cellPlant cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
3rd step in Mitosis: Anaphase (separation phase)
The chromosomes split in the middle and the ____________ ____________ are pulled by the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell.
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm
Mitosis Anaphase
Animal cell Plant cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
4th step in Mitosis: Telophase
The chromosomes, along with the ______________ and its organelles and membranes are divided into 2 portions. This diagram shows the end of _______________.
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm
Mitosis Telophase
Animal cellPlant cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
After Mitosis: Cytokinesis
The actual splitting of the _____________ cells into two separate cells is called _____________ and occurs differently in both plant and animal cells.
Beginning of cytokinesis in a plant:
Beginning of cytokinesis in an animal:
http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm
Meiosis
Meiosis animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1_-mQS_FZ0&NR=1
Vocabulary
Diploid Haploid Germ cell Somatic cell
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Meiosis InterphaseMeiosis is preceded by _____________. The chromosomes have not yet condensed.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Interphase
The chromosomes have _____________, and the chromatin begins to condense.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Prophase I
The chromosomes are ________________ ________________. In meiosis (unlike mitosis), the homologous chromosomes pair with one another
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Metaphase I
The nuclear membrane dissolves and the homologous chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers. They are preparing to go to ____________ poles.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Anaphase I
The chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Telophase I & Cytokinesis
The cell begins to divide into two daughter cells. It is important to understand that each daughter cell can get any combination of ______________ and ______________ chromosomes.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Prophase II
The cell has divided into two daughter cells.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Metaphase II
As in Meiosis I, the chromosomes line up on the spindle fibers.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Meiosis Anaphase II
The two cells each begin to divide. As in Meiosis I, the chromosomes move to ____________ ends of each cell.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Telophase II & Cytokinesis
With the formation of _______ cells, meiosis is over. Each of these prospective germ cells carries half the number of chromosomes of ______________ cells.
http://morgan.rutgers.edu/MorganWebFrames/Level1/Page7/meiosis1.html
Review of Objectives
Define mitosis. Define meiosis. Analyze function of mitosis and
meiosis in cell differentiation.
Yvonne Norman
G410 (Life Sciences for Middle School Educators)Senior – Portland State University
February 2009
Edited by: Ashlee PalermoSam Houston State University
Spring 2012