Mitosis and Cytokinesis Chapter 5.2. KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Mitosis How do your cells divide? Chapter 10 Why Do Cells Divide? Surface area Damaged cells Sex...
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Transcript of Mitosis How do your cells divide? Chapter 10 Why Do Cells Divide? Surface area Damaged cells Sex...
Mitosis
How do your cells divide?
Chapter 10
Why Do Cells Divide?
Surface area
Damaged cells
Sex cells
Cell Reproduction
is either sexual or asexual
Asexual Reproduction(one parent)
Binary Fission-
Budding
Vegetative Propagation
Regeneration
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
Speed
Desirable Characteristics
Replacement
Division of the Cell 2. Cell division – the process by
which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
3. Before cell division occurs, the cell replicates all it’s DNA giving each cell its own complete set of genetic information.
Chromosomes 4. The genetic information that is
passed from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes.
5. Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein.
C. At the beginning of cell division, each chromosome is replicated.
D. Each replicated chromosome consists of two chromatids attached at the centromere.
1. chromatid – one of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome.
2. centromere – the area where the two chromatids are attached.
II. The Cell Cycle is made up of: A. Interphase – (G1, S, G2) the
period of growth between cell divisions.
B. Cell division
III. Events of the Cell Cycle (see Figure 10-4)
A. Interphase is divided into three phases:
1. G1 phase – period of activity in which cells do most of their growing.
2. S phase – chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules take place.
3. G2 phase (shortest of the three) – many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division is produced.
.
B. When the events of G2 phase are completed, the cell enters M phase where mitosis and cytokinesis take place
Eukaryote cell division occurs in two stages: a. Mitosis – division of the cell nucleus. b.Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm.
The Cell Cycle
A Cell’s Life Cycle
When does a cell divide?
M
G1
S
G2
C
G1
Most of a cell’s life cycle is spent in Interphase when it performs normal life functions
6. After interphase, the cell enters mitosis which is the division of the nucleus.
Parent Cell
DNA condenses into chromosomes; Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers
Chromosomes line up on the equator
Prophase
Metaphase
MITOSIS
Telophase DNA uncoils; 2 nuclei form
Anaphase Chromosomesseparate and are pulled to opposite ends
Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm
Cleavage (indention in cell membrane) or cell plate formation occurs.
Cell divides.
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Mitosis Animation
Overview of the Cell Cycle
InterphaseC ell G row th
an d R ep lica tion
M itosisN u c lear D ivis ion
CytokinesisC ytop lasm D ivis ion
Cell Cycle
It’s all about the chromosomes!10. There are 46 in human body
cells(23 pair)
– The number of chromosomes remain constant during Mitosis
Which Cells Go Through Mitosis?
Grow
Repair
Work
Cells which help the body The cells are called autosomes
12. What happens if cell division gets out of control?
CANCERThe body doesn’t respond
normally to the body’s control mechanisms
“Checkpoints”
Cell Cycle Regulators 13. Cyclin – proteins that
regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
* Two types of regulatory proteins: internal regulators and external regulators.
1. Internal regulators – allow the cell cycle to proceed only when certain processes have happened inside the cell.
2. External regulators – direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.example – growth regulators
Bone Cancer X-ray
Ovarian Cancer Cell Dividing
14. Causes of cancer include smoking, tobacco, radiation exposure, and viral infection.
Skin Cancer
Mitosis Review
1. Is the beginning parent cell diploid or haploid ?
Diploid 2. Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid (2n or n)? Diploid
More Mitosis Review
3. How many daughter cells are produced? 2
4. Are the resulting daughter cells different from the parent cell? NO
More Mitosis Review
5. Are the resulting daughter cells different from each other? NO
6. How many chromosomes are in a human parent cell?
46Diploid or
Haploid? Diploid
7. How many chromosomes are in a human daughter cell?46
Diploid or Haploid?
Diploid
More Mitosis Review
7.What types of cells are produced by mitosis? Autosomes (body cells)
8. Why (when) does a cell go through mitosis? Growth, repair, make more cells
10.What is the name of the process? Mitosis
11.What are the names of the phases?
A. prophaseB. metaphaseC. anaphaseD. telophase
12. The cell labeled I is in what phase of the cell cycle?
interphase13. The nucleus is going
through process of mitosis and division of cytoplasm known as cytokinesis.