Mitigation Measures: the Case of Brazil Haroldo Machado Filho CGE Member.
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Transcript of Mitigation Measures: the Case of Brazil Haroldo Machado Filho CGE Member.
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Mitigation Measures:
the Case of Brazil
Haroldo Machado Filho
CGE Member
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* Country Context and Status of the National Communication – 1 slide
• Programs Containing Measures to Mitigate Climate Change – 11 slides
• Institutional Arrangements – 2 slides
• Barriers and Constrains – 1 slide
• Key Lessons Learnt – 1 slide
• Brazilian Climate Change Website – 1 slide
Outline of the Presentation
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Criteria 1994 2000 20052008
Population (million on inhabitants)
153.01 169.82 179.93
186.03
Correspondance surface (km2)
8,514,876.6 8,514,876.68,514,876.
6
8,514,876.6
GDP (billion US$ 2007/ano)4 920.7 1062.0 1218.3
1406.5
GDP per capita (thousand US$2007/inhab.)4
5.89 6.20 6.64
7.42
Participação da indústria no PIB (%)4
26.1 26.9 29.3
28.8 (2006)
Participação dos serviços no PIB (%)4
67.3 68.0 65.0
65.8 (2006)
Participação da agricultura no PIB (%)4 6.7 5.1 5.7
5.5 (2006)
Urban population as a % of total population
77.3 81.2 83.3 84.4
Brazil submitted its second NC on 29th Nov. 2011Country Context
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Programs and Actions related to Sustainable Development:
• Ethanol of Sugar-Cane in Brazil
• Brazilian Program on Biofuels - Pro-biodiesel
• Programs of Energy Conservation
• Contribution of Hydroelectric Generation to the Reduction of GHG
• Situaton and Perspective on New Renewable Sources of Energy in Brazil
• Nacional Program on the Universal Electric Energy Access and Use – “Luz for All” Program
• Program on Hydrogen Transportation
• Recycling
• Industry using Charcoal from Planted Forests
Programs Containing Measures to Mitigate Climate Change (1)
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Evolution of the Production of Ethanol (million of liters) – 1970 to 2006
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Avoided CO2 emission in the generation of hydroelectric power
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Programs Containing Measures to Mitigate Climate Change (2)
Programs and Actions that contain measures that contribute towards the mitigation of climate change and its adverse effects:
•Perspectives of Natural Gas in Brazil and its Role in Emissions of GHGs
• Programs to Reduce Emissions from Urban Trasnposrtation Sector
• The Role of Nuclear Energy in Brazil
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HIDRO77,3%
NUCLEAR2,6%
GÁS NATURAL2,6%
CARVÃO MINERAL1,0%
DERIVADOS DE PETRÓLEO
2,5%
BIOMASSA4,7%
GÁS INDUSTRIAL1,4%
IMPORTAÇÃO7,8%
Nota: inclui autoprodutores
(57 TWh)
TWhTOTAL 505,8
HIDRO 391,0GÁS NATURAL 13,3DER. PETRÓLEO 12,7 NUCLEAR 13,0CARVÃO 5,2BIOMASSA 23,9GÁS INDUST. 7,1 IMPORTAÇÃO 39,7
RENOVÁVEIS:Brasil: 89,9 %OECD: 16 %
Mundo: 18,2 %
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PETRÓLEO e DERIVADOS
37,9%
GÁS NATURAL 8,8%
CARVÃO MINERAL
4,8%
URÂNIO1,4%
HIDRÁULICA E ELETRICIDADE
15,2%
BIOMASSA32,0%
Biomassa: Lenha: %
Produtos da cana: %Outras: %
milhões tep ( 2% da energia mundial ) RENOVÁVEIS:Brasil: %OECD: %
Mundo: %
18,03,8
10,1
243,747,27,212,7
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Avoided Emissions • Avoided Emissions of CO2 from the use of
ethanol in the transportation sector – average annual contribution of around 13 million tons of CO2 since 1990;
• Nuclear Energy – would have avoided the emission of 127 million tons of CO2 (assuming the hypothesis of using coal in the absence of this option), which corresponds to 37% of total emissions in 2009, by the use of energy.
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Programs Containing Measures to Mitigate Climate Change (3)
Integration of Climate Change Issues to Mid- and Long- Term Planning:
•The Brazilian Environmental Legislation;
• Brazilian Agenda 21;
• National Plan on Climate Change;
• National Policy on Climate Change;
• Program on Meteorology and Climate Change under the Pluriannual Plan (2008-2011) of the Federal Government
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Programs Containing Measures to Mitigate Climate Change (3)
Integration of Climate Change Issues to Mid- and Long- Term Planning:
• National Program on Air Quality – PRONAR• Program on Polution Control by Vehicles – PROCONVE• National Plan on Logistics and Transportation – PNLT• Measures to Combat Deforestation in the Amazon Region• Amazon Monitoring Program by Remote Sensing• National System of Protected Areas – SNUC• Prevention of Fires and Burning• Cities for Climate Protection• Financial and Fiscal Measures
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Lowest ratesince inceptionof PRODES
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Programs Containing Measures to Mitigate Climate Change (4)
Project Activities under the Clean Development Mechanism:
• Brazil is ranked third in terms of number of project activities with 479 projects (7%);
• 8,084 million tCO2e reduced emission on the first commitment period;
• 50.7% of projects are renewable energy projects;
• In August 2010, the potential of annual GHG emission reduction from 460 CDM project activities in Brazil under validation or in a subsequent phase in the CDM pipeline represented 8% of emissions from sectors other than LULUCF.
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• Contribution from:– 600 Institutions– 1,200 Experts
• Sectoral Coordinating Entities• General Coordination: CGMC/MCT• Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Procedures– Verification of adequacy of the methodology– Transparent background reports– Review by experts not involved in inventory
development– Public consultation through MCT's website (Apr-
Sep 2010)
Institutional Arrangements
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EnergyEnergy
AgricultureAgriculture
Land UseLand Use
WasteWaste
IndustrialIndustrialprocessesprocesses
E&E and MMEE&E and MME
EMBRAPAEMBRAPA
FUNCATE / INPEFUNCATE / INPE
CETESBCETESB
ABIQUIM, ABALABIQUIM, ABALSNIC, IABr, etc.SNIC, IABr, etc.
ANEEL ANEEL (SF(SF66))
The National Inventory: Coordinating Institutions
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• Difficulty in covering many areas and sectors;• Lack of information;• Too much information - difficulty in compiling relevant
information;• Information is not centralized and is kept as confidential;• Lack of knowledge by stakeholders;• Lack of human resources;• Lack of local GHG emission factors;• Difficulties in identifying the best methodology to quantify
emission reduction;• Costs involved in producing and reviewing the report.
Barriers and Constraints
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Key Lessons Learnt
• Involve as many stakeholders as possible;• Disclosure of information is important in all the
phases;• Identify and count on coordinators in key technical
areas;• Process must be transparent and inclusive
(process of peer and open review has been extremely helpful);
• There are different methodologies. You need to choose one, justify your choice and provide all the information to support this choice (emission factors).
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www.mct.gov.br/clima
Other languages
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Thank you!
Muito obrigado!
¡Muchas gracias!