Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type...
Transcript of Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type...
![Page 1: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
www.sgh.com
Mitigating and Remediating Damage to
Properties Adjacent to Construction in
Congested Urban Environments
Nathaniel Smith
Milan Vatovec
Simpson Gumpertz & Heger
ICRI Spring 2015 Convention
26 March 2015
![Page 2: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Adjacent Construction
• What is it?
– Construction in close-
proximity to adjacent
structures
– Lot-Line construction
– Additions/Extensions
2
• What is an adjacent structure? – Building
– Utilities (above or below ground)
– Roads/Sidewalks
– Buried Structures (tunnels, mass transit)
![Page 3: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Code Requirements
• Protection Required by Building Codes
• IBC Chapter 33 – Safeguards During Construction
• Section 3307 – Protection of Adjoining Property
• NYCBC Section 3309
Slide 3
3307.1 Protection required. Adjoining public and private property shall be
protected from damage during construction, remodeling and demolition
work. Protection must be provided for footings, foundations, party
walls, chimneys, skylights and roofs. Provisions shall be made to control
water runoff and erosion during construction or demolition activities. The
person making or causing an excavation to be made shall provide written
notice to the owners of adjoining buildings advising them that the
excavation is to be made and that the adjoining buildings should be
protected. Said notification shall be delivered not less than 10 days prior to
the scheduled starting date of the excavation.
![Page 4: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Code Requirements – Nothing New
• Similar provisions dating
back to 1885 NYC
building code
4
1906 NYC Building Code
Photo from The City Beneath Us (Building the New York Subways) by the New York
Transit Museum with Vivian Heller
![Page 5: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Design Considerations: Pre-Construction
• Adjacent Structure Concerns
– Separate buildings or adjoining (party) walls
– Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete,
steel)
– Stability (orientation of framing, mechanical connections)
– Weatherproof integrity
– Contractor Means & Methods (Vibration, Noise, Dust)
– General Condition of Structure
• Need to understand the existing building in order to
manage risk
5
![Page 6: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Design Considerations - Unreinforced Masonry
• Typically Empirically Designed (1700’s to early 1900’s)
• Party wall construction often encountered – Wall supports floor framing of adjacent buildings
– Typically rely on framing on both sides of wall to provide lateral support.
• General lack of mechanical connection between framing and walls
• Need to consider how interruptions in framing affect stability – Stairwells, chimneys, etc.
• Soft Stories
6
![Page 7: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Typical Floor Plans – Masonry Walk-Ups
7
![Page 8: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Unreinforced Masonry
Typical Floor Joist Mechanical Connection
8
![Page 9: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Unreinforced Masonry: Façades
• Minimal joining of masonry
• Facades tend to peel away from return wall
• May require reinforcing prior to construction
9
![Page 10: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stabilization & Weatherproofing
Typical Wall Exposure During Demolition
10
![Page 11: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Design Considerations
• New Development or Renovations – Excavation Depth
• Support of excavation
• Underpinning
• Dewatering
– New Building Height
• Roof Protections
• Weatherproofing between buildings (seismic gap)
• Chimney Extensions
• Roof Protections
– Means & Methods
• Vibrations
• Noise and Dust
• Other…
11
![Page 12: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Common Sources of Damage
• Excavation
– SOE Installation
– Underpinning
• Dewatering
• Vibration
– Demolition
– Blasting
– Pile Driving
– Drilling
12
![Page 13: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Existing New Existing New Existing New
Increased Lateral Load
on Existing Building Earth Support Underpinning
New Above Existing New Below Existing
Risks from Excavation –
Depth of New Construction…
Slide 13
![Page 14: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Excavation Effects: Settlement
14 Boscardin and Cording, 1989
![Page 15: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Damage Potential
15 Boscardin and Cording, 1989
![Page 16: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Underpinning – Things to Consider…
• Underpinning is never required – Need vs. Want – There is always an alternate solution!
• Permission needed to underpin neighbor’s wall – Trespass
• Anything deeper than 4’ typically needs lateral support
• Settlement will occur
16
![Page 17: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Support of Excavation - Considerations
• Depth of excavation relative to depth of adjacent
structure
• Type of adjacent foundation
• Groundwater elevation
• Contractor means and methods
17
![Page 18: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Support of Excavation: Considerations
• Types of SOE – Soldier pile & lagging
– Steel sheet pile
– Secant or tangent pile wall
– Slurry Wall
– Jet-grout or soil-mix wall
– Soil nail wall
• The proper system depends on a number of factors
• A combination of systems may be required
18
![Page 19: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Support of Excavation
19
![Page 20: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Support of Excavation – Means & Methods
• Performed in proper
sequence
• Equipment used
• Effects of Drilling
• Vibrations
20
![Page 21: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Groundwater
• Need to consider effects
of dewatering on adjacent
structures
• Dewatering can lead to
significant changes in soil
stress
• Leakage through SOE
can be catastrophic to
adjacent structures
– Near instantaneous
settlement
21
![Page 22: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Vibration Effects
• Contractor Means &
Methods
– Equipment Used
– Materials Encountered
• Limit Vibration Intensity
– Establish appropriate limits
• Adjacent structure type
will affect response
– May need to evaluate
response
22
![Page 23: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vibration Response
• Response from rock
removal activities; drilling,
blasting, hammering
• Consider building and
appurtenance responses
23
![Page 24: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pre-Construction Surveys
• Document existing condition of adjacent properties prior
to construction
• A useful tool to help resolve claims for minor damages
24
Before Construction During Construction
![Page 25: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Preemptive Stabilization
• Condition warrants
stabilization before
construction can continue
• Temporary or permanent
• Who pays for it?
25
![Page 26: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Façade Stabilization
26
![Page 27: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Preemptive Stabilization
27
![Page 28: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Preemptive Stabilization
28
![Page 29: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Monitoring during Construction
• Typically monitor for: – Vibration
– Movement
– Groundwater Levels
• Establish Monitoring Plan – Indicate type and locations
of monitoring equipment
– Frequency of readings
– Threshold criteria
– Action plan if criteria exceeded
• Monitoring helps to manage risk
29
![Page 30: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Damage
30
![Page 31: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Getty images
![Page 32: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
When damage does occur:
• Assessment
– Level of damage
– Elements affected
– Cause
• Major structural damage
is often the result of
building settlement
– Large cracks in masonry
– Slippage of floor joists
32
![Page 33: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Stabilization
• Temporary bracing and
shoring often required
33
![Page 34: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Repairs
• Permanent stabilization
• Masonry repairs
• Partial rebuilding
34
![Page 35: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Permanent Stabilization
35
• Tie floor framing into
exterior walls
![Page 36: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Masonry Repairs
36
![Page 37: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Masonry Repairs/Strengthening
37
• Liner Walls
– CMU, CIP, Shotcrete
• Fiber-Reinforcing
![Page 38: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Façade Pinning
38
• Pin façade elements back
to structure
• Numerous methods
– Mechanical Anchors
– Epoxy Anchors
![Page 39: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Concrete Repairs
39
• Crack injection
• Patch repairs
![Page 40: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Summary
• Proper Prior Planning…
– Assess damage potential prior to construction
– Develop appropriate protections
– Implement Protections
– Monitor
• Stabilize & repair if damage does occur
• Communication is key to successful project
40
![Page 41: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
QUESTIONS?
41
Nathaniel B. Smith
Senior Project Manager
Simpson Gumpertz & Heger
Milan Vatovec
Senior Principal
Simpson Gumpertz & Heger
![Page 42: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Custom Shows
42
![Page 43: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
![Page 44: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
![Page 45: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
![Page 46: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
![Page 47: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
![Page 48: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
![Page 49: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
![Page 50: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
![Page 51: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
![Page 52: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
![Page 53: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
![Page 54: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
![Page 55: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
![Page 56: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
![Page 57: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
![Page 58: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
![Page 59: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
![Page 60: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
![Page 61: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
![Page 62: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
![Page 63: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
![Page 64: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
![Page 65: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
![Page 66: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
![Page 67: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
![Page 68: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
![Page 69: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
![Page 70: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
![Page 71: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
![Page 72: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
![Page 73: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
![Page 74: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
![Page 75: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
![Page 76: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76
![Page 77: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
![Page 78: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78
![Page 79: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79
![Page 80: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80
![Page 81: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81
![Page 82: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
![Page 83: Mitigating and Remediating Damage to Properties Adjacent ... · –Structure construction type (unreinforced masonry, concrete, steel) ... –Elements affected –Cause • Major](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041823/5e5f19bf907c587dbc3a6917/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83