Mission to Pluto Using the satellites and missions described here, plan a mission to Pluto and...
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Transcript of Mission to Pluto Using the satellites and missions described here, plan a mission to Pluto and...
Mission to Pluto
Using the satellites and missions described here, plan a mission to Pluto and choose the
instruments.
The Solar System• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth/Moon
• Mars
• Asteroids
• Jupiter/moons
• Saturn/Titan
• Uranus
• Neptune
• Pluto
The Moon
Moon + SMART1SMART1 - an ESA mission to survey the Moon, for launch in 2003 (August)
SMART-1 orbits the Moon
Experiments include:
• cameras
• what is the Moon made from (rock composition)?
• is there water?
Apollo astronauts collected rocks from the Moon
Experiments included temperature, gravity changes, moonquakes, rock composition
Mercury BepiColombo planned for 2011
Experiments include:
• lander
• camera
• Mercury’s magnetic field
• surface feature mapper (radar)
• solar wind effect on Mercury
• seismometer for Mercury-quakes
Picture from Mariner 10, taken in 1974
Venus
Venus Express, due for launch in 2005
Experiments include:
• temperature
• changes in pressure of atmosphere
• composition of atmosphere
• effect of solar wind on atmosphere
Mars Express + Beagle 2
Due for launch in 2003 (June)
Experiments include:
• cameras
• atmosphere composition
• surface composition (water?)
• effect of the solar wind on atmosphere
• lander
Jupiter and Almathea with the NASA Galileo satellite
Jupiter’s moons
Ganymede - a rocky core (as big as the Moon) + ice
- largest moon in Solar System
Callisto - rock + ice
- with an ocean underneath the surface?
Io - with the most active volcanoes in the Solar
System
Europa - an icy surface
- with an ocean underneath?
Galileo satellite from NASA, looking at temperature, composition, dust particles
Mission to EuropaNASA’s plan to look at the surface of the moon of Jupiter
and under the surface
Saturn seen by Cassini
The Cassini satellite was launched in 1997, and carries the Huygens lander. In 2004, Cassini will go into orbit around Saturn, and the Huygens lander will land on Saturn’s moon, Titan.
Cassini/HuygensThe experiments include:
• cameras
• dust, surface, and atmosphere analysers
• composition of the rings
• temperature and pressure (Titan)
• surface features (oceans?) (Titan)
• seismometer and effect of solar wind
• lander
Asteroids and comets
Gaspera seen by Galileo
Craters on Eros seen by NEAR-Shoemaker
Borelly seen by Deep Space 1
Experiments include cameras, dust particle analysers, dust composition
Rosetta – mission to a cometRosetta will be launched in 2004 by ESA
Experiments include:
• cameras
• surface features and composition
• studying water and molecules
• magnetic field and dust particles
Deep Impact
A NASA mission to a comet, to be launched in 2004 to comet Tempel-1. When it arrives a large ‘impactor’ will be launched to crash into the comet, and the bits that fly off will be analysed to see what the comet is made of.
Genesis/Stardust
Stardust
Genesis
Genesis was launched by NASA in 2001 to travel nearer to the Sun and collect particles of the solar wind, then return to Earth in 2004.
Stardust was launched by NASA in 1999 to chase comet Wild, collect particles from it and return to Earth in 2006.
The particles will be studied in the laboratory on Earth.
Pluto
Design your mission• Possible instruments:
– cameras
– thermometer
– rock and dust analyser
– gas analysers
– water detector
– particle detector
– spectrometers
– surface structure (oceans/rocks)
– magnetic field measurer
– solar activity monitor
– solar wind monitor
– gravity field measurer
Lander – extra instruments:
• surface details
• camera
• rock analyser
• scoop
• microscope
Lander – extra problems:
• weight
• parachute or fuel
• power source