Prepared By

Hassan Abid Butt

Hassan Malik

Sarowar Masoom

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System

Named after the Roman god of war

it is often described as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance

First Air shuttle sent to Mars by Soviet Union

Mars One is planning on sending a group of people to colonize the planet on a one-way mission in 2024.Human Settlement on Mars MarsOne will establish a permanent human settlement on Mars. Crews of four will depart every two years, starting in 2024. Our first unmanned mission will be launched in 2018. Join the Global Mars One Community and participate in our mission to Mars designed a mission using only existing technology. In the coming years, a demonstration mission, communication satellites, two rovers and several cargo missions will be sent to Mars. A reliable living environment will be waiting for the astronauts when they leave Earth. These astronauts are carrying out their training from years that hoe to land on mars and they are also provided with the same man made environment as mars so that they should get use to it.

Earth won't always be fit for occupation. We know that in two billion years or so, an expanding sun will boil away our oceans, leaving our home in the universe uninhabitable—unless, that is, we haven't already been wiped out by the Andromeda galaxy, which is on a multibillion-year collision course with our Milky Way. Moreover, at least a third of the thousand mile-wide asteroids that hurtle across our orbital path will eventually crash into us, at a rate of about one every 300,000 years.

.

Indeed, in 1989 a far smaller asteroid, the impact equivalent in force to 1,000 nuclear bombs, crossed our orbit just six hours after Earth had passed. .Many of the threats that might lead us to consider off-Earth living arrangements are actually man-made, and not necessarily in the distant future. The amount we consume each year already far outstrips what our planet can sustain, and the World Wildlife Fund estimates that by 2030 we will be consuming two planets' worth of natural resources annually. The dinosaurs died out because they were too stupid to build an adequate spacefaring civilization," says Tihamer Toth-Fejel, a research engineer at the Advanced Information Systems division of defence contractor General Dynamics and one of 85 members of the Lifeboat Foundation's space-settlement board. "So far, the difference between us and them is barely measurable." The Alliance to Rescue Civilization, a project started by New York University chemist Robert Shapiro says we must prepare a copy of our civilization and move it into outer space and out of harm's way—a backup of our cultural achievements and traditions.

Why Mars????

Nitrogen: 78%

Oxygen: 21 %

Argon: 0.9%

Water: > 1%

Carbon Doxide: 0.002%

Carbon Doxide: 95.%

Nitrogen: 3%

Argon: 2%

Oxygen: 0.1%

Water: > 0.03%

: Constituents

Similarities with Earth

Polar Ice Caps – Mars has both North and South polar ice caps, much like Earth. Also like Earth, both ice caps are made mostly of frozen water. With so much water frozen in the ice caps of Mars, some scientists think that life could have once existed there.

Length of a Year – Mars is not much farther from the Sun than Earth. As a result, a typical year on Mars is one year and 320 days

Length of a Day – While a year on Mars might be almost twice as long as a year on Earth, the length of a day there is almost identical. A Martian day is 24 hours and 39 minutes long, less than an hour longer than the earth.

Seasons – Mars has seasons like Earth too. These seasons are much longer than Earth seasons because Mars is so much farther from the sun. the average high during a Martian summer day is 23 degrees F (-5 degrees C) The both planets is a terrestrial planet which made up of rock and metal

has the same internal structure. The both planets have an inner core of

metal surrounded by a mantle of rock. A thin crust covers the mantle.

Differences Between Earth and MarsEarth Characteristic Mars

12,756 km Size of Planet 6,794

365.25 Days Length of Year 687 Days

24 hours Length of Day 24 hours, 37 minutes

One: Luna Moons Two: Phobos and Deimos

78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen,

and other gases

Atmosphere 95% Carbon Dioxide, 0.13% Oxygen,

and other gases

Clouds, Wind, Rain,

Thunderstorms, Hurricanes

Weather Wind, Dust storms, Ice, Clouds, Fog

23.5o Axis Tilt 25.2o

149, 597, 891 km Average Distance from The Sun 227, 936, 637 km

-88oC Minimum Surface Temperature -87oC

58oC Maximum Surface Temperature -87oC

Grand Canyon Deepest Canyon Valles Marineris

Mauna Loa (Hawaii) Largest Volcano Olympus Mons

5.9737 x 1024 kg Mass 6.4185 x 1023 kg

Rocky, Sandy and some fertile

soil containing organic

material.

Soil Mostly rocky and sandy. Some areas

appear to have frozen water in soil.

No known organic material.

Mars is athe most like Earth of all the planets in the solar system, it's a wonderful place to explore, especially with augmented reality vision.But it is not at all Earth like nowBecause.

1. Coldcenter of Antarctica in winter is cold, not the best of places to set up home? Well Mars is far colder. close to the equator, typical night time temperatures are -70 °C.It also drops below -100 °C. It is often cold enough for the CO2 in the atmosphere to freeze out as dry ice. A human couldn't survive those temperatures without technology.It gets warm at midday and go over 0 °C.

2. Vacuum

Mar’s atmosphere is so thin that human would need to put on a spacesuit to survive the low pressure The pressure is so low, your saliva

and the moisture coating the interior of your lungs would boil. The average Mars surface pressure is well below the 6% Armstrong limit

which absolutely is the limit for human survival.. A leak in your spacesuit would kill you quickly. No oxygen to speak of either.

Every Martian summer, roughly every two Earth years, you get a higher chance of global dust storms. These can last for weeks, and the light

from the sun drops by over 99%. Here is a photo showing progression of a dust storm as seen by Opportunity.

.

2. VacuumMar’s atmosphere is so thin that human would need to put on a spacesuit to survive the low pressure The pressure is so low, your saliva and the moisture coating the interior of your lungs would boil. The average Mars surface pressure is well below the 6% Armstrong limit which absolutely is the limit for human survival.. A leak in your spacesuit would kill you quickly. No oxygen to speak of either.Every Martian summer, roughly every two Earth years, you get a higher chance of global dust storms. These can last for weeks, and the light from the sun drops by over 99%. Here is a photo showing progression of a dust storm as seen by Opportunity.During the dust storms, then artificial light is needed in middle of the day to grow crops, and you won't be able to see anything. Solar power won't work.

There is no signs of liquid water for drinkingAnd the air is so much polluted with iron and dust that people cant breath normally

In the distant future, Earth will no longer be able to sustain life. The sun provides the heat and energy needed for life -- but it has a lifespan. As it gets closer to its death, the sun will enter its red giant phase and expand to approximately 100 times its current size. At that size, it would engulf Venus [source: Britannica]. Whether it will swell large enough to consume Earth is debatable. But even if it doesn't, the sun will boil away all water and heat the surface past liveable conditions. So what are our options? Move to Mars?Sun is About 4.6 to 5 billion years old halfway through its life. Scientists predict it won't begin to burn out (and expand) for another 3 billion years [source: Britannica]. In the meantime, our planet faces other uncertainties. With any number of catastrophes in the past, present and future such as the Ice Age, global warming or asteroid strikes, life on Earth is fragile. So maybe colonizing Mars isn't such a bad idea. Setting up a colony on Mars could potentially expand our reach into space, and give us an option for sustaining life. But their will be a lot of probs for humans on mars but we have to overcome them as Problems are not the stop line they are the guidelines (Robert H.Schuller)

http://www.mars-one.com/#sthash.c99BlCnq.dpuf

http://www.mars-one.com/#sthash.c99BlCnq.dpuf

http://disinfo.com/2011/08/after-earth-where-will-humanity-go/