Mission Specific Module 2 ¾ Hazardous Materials Operations ...

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Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9

Mass Casualty Decontamination

The Connecticut Fire Academy

Recruit Firefighter Program

Presentation Instructor Notes

Slide 1

Connecticut Fire Academy

Hazardous Materials OperationsN.F.P.A. 472 – 2013

Mission Specific – Module 2Jones & Bartlett

Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations

Chapter 9

January 01, 2013

Slide 2


Module 2

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

Mass

DecontaminationNFPA 6.3

6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass Decontamination

Slide 3


Definition (NFPA) 472-2013Mass Decontamination

The physical process of reducing or

removing surface contaminants from

large numbers of victims in potentially

life threatening situations in the fastest

time possible.

NFPA 3.3.17.3

Taken from NFPA 472-2013 Chapter 3

3.3.17.3* Mass Decontamination. The physical process of reducing

or removing surface contaminants from large numbers of victims in

potentially life-threatening situations in the fastest time possible.

A.3.3.17.3 Mass Decontamination. Mass decontamination is

initiated where the number of victims and time constraints do not

allow the establishment of an in-depth decontamination process.

Mass decontamination is a gross decontamination process utilizing

large volumes of low-pressure water to reduce the level of

contamination. A soap-and-water solution or universal

decontamination solution would be more effective; however,

availability of such solutions in sufficient quantities cannot always be

ensured.

Extensive research into mass decontamination operations at terrorist

incidents involving

hazardous materials and chemical warfare agents has been conducted

by the U.S. Army's Research, Development, and Engineering

Command (RDECOM), and the resulting guidelines and documents

are available on the Internet (see K.1.2.5).

Mass decontamination should be established quickly to reduce the

harm being done to the victims by the contaminants. Initial operations

will likely be through handheld hose lines or master streams supplied

from fire apparatus while a more formal process is being set up.


Unit HM 8.1.1

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Examples of mass decontamination methods are the ladder pipe

decontamination system and the emergency decontamination corridor

system, both of which are described in RDECOM's guidelines.

Slide 4


Definition (NFPA) 472-2013Emergency Decontamination

The physical process of immediately

reducing contamination of individuals in

potentially life-threatening situations with

or without the formal establishment of a

decontamination corridor.

NFPA 3.3.17.1


3.3.17.1* Emergency Decontamination. The physical process of

immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially

life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment

of a decontamination corridor.

A.3.3.17.1 Emergency Decontamination. This process can be as

simple as removal of outer or all garments from the individual to

washing down with water from a fire hose or emergency safety

shower. The sole purpose is to quickly separate as much of the

contaminant as possible from the individual to minimize exposure

and injury.

Slide 5


Definition (NFPA) 472-2013Gross Decontamination

The phase of the decontamination process

during which the amount of surface

contaminants is significantly reduced.

NFPA 3.3.17.2


3.3.17.2* Gross Decontamination. The phase of the

decontamination process during which the amount of surface

contaminants is significantly reduced.

A.3.3.17.2 Gross Decontamination. Victims of a hazardous

material release that is potentially life threatening due to

continued exposure from contamination are initially put through

a gross decontamination, which will significantly reduce the

amount of additional exposure. This is usually accomplished by

mechanical removal of the contaminant or initial rinsing from

handheld hose lines, emergency showers, or other nearby

sources of water. Responders operating in a contaminated zone

in personal protective equipment (PPE) are put through gross

decontamination, which will make it safer for them to remove

the PPE without exposure and for members assisting them.


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Slide 6


NFPA 6.3.1.1.1 / 6.3.1.1.2 / 6.3.1.1.3 / 6.3.1.1.4

Mass Decontamination

Introduction

● Operations Level

● Assigned to perform:


● Competent to Implement:


6.3.1.1.1 The operations level responder assigned to perform mass

decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall be

that person, competent at the operations level, who is assigned to

implement mass decontamination operations at hazardous materials

/ WMD incidents.


decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall be

trained to meet all competencies at the awareness level (Chapter 4),

all core competencies at the operations level (Chapter 5), all

mission-specific competencies for personal protective equipment

(Section 6.2), and all competencies in this section.


decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents shall

operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an

allied professional, or standard operating procedures.

6.3.1.1.4* The operations level responder assigned to perform

mass decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents

shall receive the additional training necessary to meet specific

needs of the jurisdiction.

A.6.3.1.1.4 Additional training opportunities can be available

through local and state law enforcement, public health agencies, the

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement

Administration (DEA), and the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA).

Slide 7


NFPA 6.3.1.1.3

Important Note

Some information may be taken from

Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician

Operations Level may be asked to perform at

this level but Do Not Replace HMT.

Direct Guidance: Working under control

of a HMT continually being assessed / feedback

6.3.1.1.3 The operations level responder assigned to perform

technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD

incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous

materials technician, an allied professional, or standard

operating procedures.

Some Mission-Specific competency information may be taken from

Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician, It should be

pointed out that the Operations Level Responder with a

Mission-Specific competency are not replacements for the

Technician.

Operations Level Responders may be asked to perform some

technician level skills but they do not have the broader skills

and competencies required of an HMT, particularly in Risk

Assessment and selection of Control Options.

Below are two ways or examples of how guidance can be provided

to ensure Operations level Responders do not go beyond their

level of training and equipment.

Direct Guidance: Working under control of an HMT who has the

ability to (1) continually assess and / or observe actions and (2)

provide feedback. This can be provided through direct visual

observation or through assessment reports.

Written Guidance: (See Next Slide)


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Slide 8


Written Guidance:● Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

● Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs)

● “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level

Task expected of Operations Level Responders

Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders

Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task

Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS


NFPA 6.3.1.1.3

6.3.1.1.3 The operations level responder assigned to perform

technical decontamination at hazardous materials/WMD incidents

shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous materials

technician, an allied professional, or standard operating

procedures.

Written Guidance:

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs)

Both should give clear guidance on the “Rules of Engagement” at

Operations Level

Emphasis should be placed on the following:

• Task expected of Operations Level Responders

• Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders

• Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task

• Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS

Slide 9


GoalThe goal of the competencies in this section

shall be to provide the operations level

responder assigned to perform mass

decontamination at hazardous materials /

WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills

to perform the task in 6.3.1.2.2 safely and

effectively.

NFPA 6.3.1.2.1

6.3.1.2.1 The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to

provide the operations level responder assigned to perform mass

decontamination at hazardous

materials / WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills to

perform the tasks in 6.3.1.2.2 safely and effectively.


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Slide 10



For Further In Depth Information;

Following Website:http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/sbccom.htm

Effective 9 October 2003, SBCCOM was re-designated

into the following organizations: RDECOM (Research,

Development and Engineering Command); CMA

(Chemical Materials Agency); GUARDIAN BRIGADE;

PM NBC(PM Nuclear, Biological and Chemical

Defense); and SSC (Soldiers System Center).

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2 When responding to hazardous materials / WMD

incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform mass

decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks:

For Further In Depth Information; Check the Following Website:

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/sbccom.htm

Effective 9 October 2003, SBCCOM was re-designated into the

following organizations:

RDECOM (Research, Development and Engineering Command);

CMA (Chemical Materials Agency); GUARDIAN BRIGADE;

PM NBC(PM Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defense); and

SSC (Soldiers System Center).

The former SBCCOM has done a lot of research on the effects of

WMD warfare and

Hazardous Materials

Slide 11



When responding to hazardous materials /

WMD incidents, the operations level

responder assigned to perform mass

decontamination shall be able to perform

the following tasks:

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2 When responding to hazardous materials / WMD

incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform mass

decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks:

Slide 12


GoalAnalyze

Plan

Implement

Evaluate

Terminate

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2 When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the

operations level

responder assigned to perform mass decontamination shall be able to

perform the following

tasks:

• Analyze

• Plan

• Implement

• Evaluate

• Terminate

6.3.1.2.2(1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel,

personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a mass

decontamination process to minimize the hazard.

6.3.1.2.2(2) Implement the planned response to favorably change the

outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site

safety and control plan by completing the following tasks:

6.3.1.2.2(2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as assigned.


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6.3.1.2.2(2)(b) Perform the mass decontamination functions identified in

the incident action plan.

6.3.1.2.2(3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating

the effectiveness of the mass decontamination process.

6.3.1.2.2(4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and

documentation of decontamination operations.

Slide 13



Plan a response within the capabilities of available

personnel, personal protective equipment, and control

equipment by selecting a mass decontamination

process to minimize the hazard.

IMPORTANT TO NOTE:

Mass Decontamination is very close to:

EMERGENCY DECONTAMINATION

Certainly not the Best Decon but vital when

dealing with large numbers of Victims

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1)

6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(1) Plan a response within the capabilities of available

personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by

selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the hazard.

IMPORTANT TO NOTE:

Mass Decontamination is very close to Emergency Decontamination

Certainly not the Best Decon but vital when dealing with large numbers

of Victims.

“Large” is in the eye of the Responder based on available resources.

Slide 14



Plan a response within the capabilities of available

personnel, personal protective equipment, and control

equipment by selecting a mass decontamination

process to minimize the hazard.

There are many options available to the Authority

Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Options or Procedures

should be identified, trained on and documented in

the LERP / SOPs or SOGs

No One Perfect Set Up for all Occasions

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1)


personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment

by selecting a mass decontamination process to minimize the

hazard.

There are many options available to the Authority Having

Jurisdiction (AHJ).

Options or Procedures should be identified, trained on and

documented in the:

Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP)

• Plans should include the procedure that best fits the Community

First Responder

Capabilities and Equipment and Training


Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs)


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Slide 15



It’s Important to Set Up a System

to meet the Agencies Needs based on:

Staffing Levels

Anticipated Number of Casualties

Topography

Proximity to Other Mass Decon Units

Each operational facet needs to be

evaluated by the AHJ and then

choose the BEST process

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1)




hazard.

It’s Important to Set Up a System to meet the Agencies Needs

based on:

• Staffing Levels

• Anticipated Number of Casualties

• Topography

• Proximity to Other Mass Decon Units

Each operational facets needs to be evaluated by the AHJ and then

choose the BEST process

Slide 16



Ambulatory

Ensure Responders have Appropriate P.P.E.

Stay Clear of Product, No Physical Contact

Direct Victims out of the Hazard Zone

Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination SystemBased On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System

Instruct Victims to Remove Contaminated Clothing

Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F)

Direct Victims to Triage

Provide Modesty / Comfort Packages if Available

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1)




hazard.

Ambulatory


Stay Clear of Product, No Physical Contact

Direct Victims out of the Hazard Zone

Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination System

• Based On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System

Instruct Victims to Remove Contaminated Clothing

Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F) avoid Hot or Cold

Water

Direct Victims to Triage

Provide Modesty / Comfort Packages if Available (Towel, Gown,

booties etc.)

Slide 17



Non-Ambulatory


Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination SystemBased On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System

Remove Contaminated Clothing, Do Not Leave

Clothing underneath the Victim (holds in Contaminate)

Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F)

Rinse well, including Straps and Backboard

Move Victims through Decon into Triage

Examples in following slides

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1)




hazard.

Non-Ambulatory


Set Up Appropriate Mass Decontamination System

• Based On: Apparatus, Equipment and/or System

Remove Contaminated Clothing, Do Not Leave Clothing

underneath the Victim

(May act as a wick, holding in Contaminate)

Flush Victims with Water (Optimum 70o F) Rinse well, including

Straps and Backboard

Move Victims through Decon into Triage


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Examples in following slides

Slide 18



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)

Taken from the definition appendix A.3.3.17.3: Mass decontamination is initiated where the number of victims and

time constraints do not allow the establishment of an in-depth

decontamination process. Mass decontamination is a gross

decontamination process utilizing large volumes of low pressure

water to reduce the level of contamination.

There are many variations which are basically limited by the

Authority Having

Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination.

Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining the

process.

There are some very simple processes to the complex, Cheap to the

Astronomically

Expensive.

Above Slide shows a commonly accepted set up using pumpers’

and aerial if available making a large “Shower” type set up.

Contaminated Personnel should be funneled through the water

spray, disrobing as they

Proceed.


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Slide 19



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)

Above Slide shows a commonly accepted set up using pumpers’

making a large “Shower” type set up, note personnel will be needed

to give proper directions.

Contaminated Personnel should be funneled through the water

spray, disrobing as they Proceed.

NOTE: When using Pumpers; Place Nozzles on Opposite side of

Pump Panel.

It should be noted, Emergency Responders are still required to give

“Potentially Upset and Panic Stricken Victims” directions.

Electronic Audio devices such as Public Address (PA) systems

built into most electronic siren amplifiers and / or Electronic

Bullhorns are extremely useful

Slide 20



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)


Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based on

available Personnel, Equipment and Tools.

Personnel, Equipment and Time are huge factors in determining the

process.

There are some very simple processes to the complex;

Cheap to the Astronomically Expensive.

Above Slide shows a commercial device called a “Trident” used on

an aerial, a pumper and directly off a hydrant, this device has three

low volume nozzles making a large “Shower” type set up.


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Slide 21



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)





process.



Above Slide shows another option using a pumper and a Mobile

Water Supply (tanker) with a ground ladder bridging both in lieu of

an aerial device to make a shower type effect.

This gives the same effect of water sprays from both sides as well

as an overhead shower spray.

Slide 22

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.3.1.2.2(1)


6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)





process.



Above Slide shows an aerial with a large tarp draped over forming

a “tent” type shape allowing limited privacy for those concerned

about disrobing in front of the world on CNN and Fox News.

This helps address the “modesty” issues as well getting victims out

of other inclement Weather that may hinder the process

A smaller hand line or handlines can be draped up the ladder bed

making the desired “Shower” effect.


Unit HM 8.1.1

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Slide 23



6.3.1.2.2 ; 6.3.1.2.2(1)


Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) imagination based

on available Personnel, Equipment and Tools.

Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in

determining the process.



Above Slide shows a commercial tent set up. These can

come in many variations as well to include, heaters,

rooms to allow drying and clean clothing issue. Another

benefit may be that some brands have two duplicate set-

ups allowing for Male and Female showering

simultaneously and still provide some sense of modesty

and privacy

This type Decon does allow more privacy for those

concerned about disrobing in front of everyone as well

getting victims out of other inclement weather to include

extreme cold that may hinder the process

It should be noted that these more formal structures do

require time and manpower to erect and set up interior

requirements.

Slide 24



6.3.1.2.2; 6.3.1.2.2(1)




Personnel, Equipment and Time a huge factors in determining

the process.



Above Slide shows a smaller commercial tent set up. These

can come in many variations as well, demonstrated here is

an air “blow up” system, they can also be hard framed and

they too may include, heaters, rooms to allow drying and

clean clothing issue. Another benefit may be that some

brands have two duplicate set ups allowing for Male and

Female simultaneously.

This type Decon does allow more privacy for those concerned

about disrobing in front of everyone as well getting

victims out of other inclement weather to include extreme

cold that may hinder the process.

It should be noted that these more formal structures do require

time and manpower to erect and set up interior

requirements.


Unit HM 8.1.1

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Unit HM 8.1.1

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Slide 25



6.3.1.2.2; 6.3.1.2.2(1)





the process.



Above Slide shows a commercially purchased combination

Decontamination, Communication trailer. These trailers

have large add on compartments that give more room for

clothing removal and bagging, drying, clean cloths issue

as well as provide heated water and Heat or Cooling based

on conditions.

Commercial Tow Vehicles have been purchased that carry the

needed logistical supplies. The State of Connecticut has

34 trailers distributed around the state based on Hospital

locations and High target hazards such as the Airport and

Casinos with large numbers of potential victims.

These also require a longer “Set Up” time and once

established require patience and discipline to allow

personnel to process through. This may or may not be

controllable during a high panic or stress situation and will

require control.

Slide 26



6.3.1.2.2; 6.3.1.2.2(1)





the process.



Above Slide shows a Swimming Pool which could be used in

the proper climate.

Make sure that the Contaminate does not react with chemical

Water treatments in the Pool such as Chlorine. If a School or

Hotel Pool, Towels and or Showers may also be available.

Emergency Personnel should become familiar with their

jurisdiction to know what resources such as this is available.


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Slide 27



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)





the process.



Above Slide shows a Commercial Car Wash facility which

could be used in the proper climate.

Make sure that the Contaminate does not react with chemical

Water treatments in the such as Chlorine or detergents as part

of the process.



Slide 28



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)





the process.



Above Slide shows a Commercial Sprinkler System such as in

a School or Office.

In the event of a True Emergency, particularly in Cold

Weather; Break Open a few Heads and direct the Victims

through the Sprinkler Spray.

The cost of Human Lives certainly outweighs the water

damage.




Unit HM 8.1.1

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Slide 29



6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(1)

Emergency Responders need to be prepared to deal with Non-

Ambulatory as well as

Ambulatory victims in a Mass Decontamination Process.

This is resource demanding and requires additional other

resources such as Emergency

Medical Services.

When providing decontamination on a non-ambulatory victim,

remember to Decon all of the victim, if laying on their Back,

they need to be rolled to wash the back as well as the front.

Slide 30



Implement the planned response to favorably change

the outcomes consistent with standard operating

procedures and the site safety and control plan by

completing the following tasks:

Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P.

and covered by SOP or SOG

Pre-made Forms should be readily available

and maintained as integral components

of overall I.A.P. documentation.

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(2)

6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(2) Implement the planned response to favorably

change the outcomes consistent with standard operating

procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing

the following tasks:

Should be Identified in the Local Emergency Response Plan

and covered by Standard Operating Procedure or Standard

Operating Guideline.

Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as

integral components of overall Incident Action Plan, NIMS

forms and Local documents can assist greatly with

information gathering and availability.

Slide 31



Implement the planned response to favorably change

the outcomes consistent with standard operating

procedures and the site safety and control plan by

completing the following tasks:

Perform the decontamination duties as assigned.

Perform the mass decontamination functions

identified in the incident action plan.

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(2)(a) & (b)

6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(2)

6.3.1.2.2(2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as

assigned.

6.3.1.2.2(2)(b) Perform the mass decontamination functions



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Slide 32




The Decontamination Team Leader is responsible to

the Operation Officer The team leader supervises

and controls all phases of the Contamination

Reduction Zone (CRZ).

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(2)(a)

6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(2)

6.3.1.2.2(2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as assigned.

1. Obtains briefing from Operation Officer.

2. Locates, organizes, and supervises the Contamination Reduction

Zone (CRZ).

3. Coordinates operations with the Operation Officer.

• Coordinates with Safety Officer, District Health Department,

Research Officer, and

Operation Officer to select appropriate decontamination

Procedures for both incident personnel and victims. The

Command Staff will make final decision.

• Ensure that contaminated equipment is appropriately

decontaminated at the site, or proper documentation,

containerized and labeled for off-site decontamination or

disposal.

• Ensure proper level and type of protective clothing is worn by

the decontamination team as selected by the command staff.

7. Ensure extra breathing air supply is available.

• Order sufficient water supply with required pressure at scene to

provide the necessary water for washing as well as a protection

water line and dermal shower.

9. Have E.M.S. Branch do medical evaluation on Decon Personnel

and record.

10. Ensure decontaminate protective clothing is ready for future use.

11. Monitor workers for safety issues in CRZ.

12. Complete decontamination checklist.

Slide 33




The Decontamination Team Member is responsible

for appropriate decontamination procedures as

assigned to them with in the Contamination

Reduction Corridor.

The duties may vary to fill specific positions within

the Decontamination Corridor

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(2)(a)

6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(2)

6.3.1.2.2(2)(a) Perform the decontamination duties as

assigned.

1. Obtain briefing from Decontamination Team Leader.

• Set up decontamination Reduction Corridor as described,

and check and ensure all equipment is in proper

working order, and go through decontamination process

with all decon personnel.

3. Suit up to appropriate level of protection.

• Assist Entry Team, one by one, through the

Decontamination Corridor and wash off contaminants,

removal of protective clothing and equipment (remember

"DON'T” place you hands inside of suit just touch outside)

and place in proper container, removal of SCBA backpack

only (team member will take off mask).

• Carefully use minimum amount of water as each person

advances from pool to pool.

The object is to keep all of the contaminants contained in

the pools.

• Before Decontamination Team Members leave decon they

"MUST DECON THEMSELVES" and Help each


Unit HM 8.1.1

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other decon one another.

Slide 34



Perform the mass decontamination functions


Depends on Specific Decontamination System

chosen by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and

the implementation requirements.

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(2)(b)

6.3.1.2.2

6.3.1.2.2(2) 6.3.1.2.2(2)(b) Perform the mass decontamination functions


Depends on Specific Decontamination System chosen by the

Authority Having Jurisdiction and the implementation

requirements.

Various Systems should be identified in the Local Emergency

Response Plan (LERP) and

covered in agency Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or

Guidelines (SOG’s)

Slide 35



Evaluate the progress of the planned response by

evaluating the effectiveness of the mass

decontamination process.

How do you know if it’s working?

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(3)

6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by

evaluating the effectiveness of the mass decontamination

process.

How do you know if it’s working?

Just because Personnel and possibly equipment have gone

through Decontamination does not mean they are clean and

can be released. What method does the Authority Having

Jurisdiction have to verify the Decontamination worked?

The process is limited to a Visual Inspection to see if

contaminates have been removed and by using Monitoring

Equipment to evaluate and verify that contaminates have been

removed.


Unit HM 8.1.1

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Slide 36



Evaluating Decon Effectiveness

LERP / SOPs / SOGs

Must have a procedure to test victims after the

Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates

are removed and victims safe to be medically treated

and transported.

ie. Metering, Test Strips

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(3)

6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(3) Evaluate the progress of the planned response by

evaluating the effectiveness of the mass decontamination

process.

Local Emergency response Plan (LERP)



The First Responders responsible to perform these functions

must have a procedure to test victims after the

Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are

removed and victims safe to be medically treated and

transported.

Use whatever method that offers the most accurate result. ie.

Metering, Test Strips

Thoroughly evaluate the Decontamination process on the

Victims, Responders, K-9’s and Equipment

Environmental Safety and Health personnel may be beneficial

with Decon Monitoring.

Slide 37



Terminate the incident by providing reports and


There should be a transcript to document all activities

of the Decontamination for a multitude of reasons.

1. Health Issues of Responders in the Future

2. Legal proceedings in the Future

3. Training Purposes for Future Responses

4. Monetary Reimbursementa) Personnel Cost

b) Logistical Support Cost

c) Equipment Used / Disposed Of

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(4)

6.3.1.2.2 6.3.1.2.2(4) Terminate the incident by providing reports and


There should be a transcript to document all activities of the

Decontamination for a multitude of reasons.

• Health Issues of Responders in the Future: Signs and

Symptoms may take long periods of time to show up.

Diseases, Illnesses such as Cancer may not develop for

Years in the Future.

• Legal proceedings in the Future: If a crime scene or

incident involving litigation, these documents may come

into play concerning; Health Risk, Amount of

Contamination and Exposure, Product used and the cost to

the Local, State and Federal Government in Dollars and to

Physical effects to responders

• Training Purposes for Future Responses: Responders can

learn from Actual

Experiences for future responses: what worked, what

didn’t, What to do or Not do

• Monetary Reimbursement:

• Personnel Cost

• Logistical Support Cost

• Equipment Used / Disposed Of


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 38



Reporting and Documentation

LERP / SOPs / SOGs

NIMS Requirements

OSHA Requirements

NFIRS Requirements

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(4)



Personnel must know their own Authority Having

Jurisdictions LERP and SOPs / SOGs.

These local documents normally follow the requirements of

the Manufacturer, the Local Risk

Management and the Authority Having Jurisdiction Insurer.

Such documents would be the Medical Exposure Forms,

Maintenance and Use Form for the S.C.B.A., Equipment

Manufacturers Recommendations, P.P.E. Exposure and

Cleaning

NIMS has multiple Forms available for the Incident Command

System that would be beneficial as historical documents of

assignments, Incident Action Plan etc.

OSHA has specific requirements for Hazardous Materials

regarding Medical Evaluations, P.P.E.

Cleaning and Inspection

NFIRS reporting requirements for National Statistics also

become historical documents as a record of the event and

related information.

Slide 39



Reporting and Documentation

Decontamination Specific

Names of Victims

Substance that was released / Decon

Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims)

Actions taken to limit exposure Decon Personnel

Detailed description of Decon procedures

Evidence collected

Observations made

NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(4)



The individual In-Charge of the Decontamination corridor

should complete any documentation and recordkeeping

required by the Emergency Response Plan or Standard

Operating Procedures or Guidelines. This documentation

should be included with the final report.

Decontamination Specific information should include:

• Names of Victims: may be hard to accomplish, try to get

everyone who goes through

• Substance that was released / Decon’d and any known

information of product

• Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims)

• Actions taken to limit exposure of personnel performing

Decon.

• Detailed description of Decon procedures / activities to

include method / solutions and possible effectiveness.

• Evidence collected

• Observations made of the scene in general, indicate pros and

cons and any DECON incidents.


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 40



Planning the Response

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

NFPA 6.3.3

6.3 Mission-Specific Competencies: Mass

Decontamination. 6.3.3 Competencies – Planning the Response.

Slide 41



Selecting Personal Protective Equipment

Given an emergency response plan or standard

operating procedures, and the personal protective

equipment provided by the AHJ, the operations level

responder assigned to mass decontamination shall

select the personal protective equipment required to

support mass decontamination at hazardous

materials / WMD incidents based on local procedures.

(see Section 6.2)

NFPA 6.3.3.1

6.3.3.1 Selecting Personal Protective Equipment. Given an

emergency response plan or standard operating procedures,

the operations level responder assigned to mass

decontamination shall select the personal protective equipment

required to support mass decontamination at hazardous

materials/WMD incidents based on local procedures (see

Section 6.2).

Instructor’s Note:

Instructor’s need to have readily available, copies of the

Department SOP’s / SOG’s,

As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials

Incidents to help facilitate the students ability to think about,

research and answer the above question.


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 42



Selecting Decontamination Procedures

Given scenarios involving hazardous materials /

WMD incidents, the operations level responder

assigned to mass decontamination operations shall

select a mass decontamination procedure that will

minimize the hazard and spread of contamination,

determine the equipment required to implement that

procedure, and meet the following

requirements:

NFPA 6.3.3.2

6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures. Given

scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the

operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination

operations shall select a mass decontamination procedure that

will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination,

determine the equipment required to implement that

procedure, and meet the following requirements:





Incidents to help facilitate the students ability to think about,

research and answer the above question.

Slide 43



Identify the advantages and limitations of

mass decontamination operations.

Advantage:Large Numbers of Victims

Should be able to Set Up Quickly, Less Resources

Limitations:Reaction Time Limited w/o Complete Information

Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob

Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact

Copious Amounts of Water Mean Large “Runoff”

NFPA 6.3.3.2(1)

6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures. 6.3.3.2(1) Identify the advantages and limitations of mass

decontamination operations.

Advantage:

• Large Numbers of Victims / Quickly: Quick ways to deal

with large crowds or number of victims that exceed agencies

normal capabilities at the time

• Should be able to Set Up Quickly, Less Resources: Can be

set up with just a few personnel and basic apparatus and

equipment needs. Not as detailed as Technical DECON or

as Responder Personnel intensive.

Limitations:

• Reaction Time Limited w/o Complete Information: Due to

nature of incident and number

of victims, sometimes Mass Decon is started before all the

facts are known

• Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob: People

react differently under duress and can sometime become

violent and physical to obtain treatment “First”, as well as

potentially spreading “Secondary Contamination”, this

requires caution from responders.

• Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact: Incidents

can happen anywhere, anytime,

In Winter or colder climates, may be hard to set up and get

victims to run through “Cold Water” and get undressed at

the same time.

• Copious Amounts of Water Mean Large “Runoff” which in

turn may add to environmental impact and need to be dealt

with after the incident. Remember: Life Safety is Number 1


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 44



Describe the advantages and limitations of each of

the following mass decontamination methods:

a) Dilution

The process of adding a substance, usually water

to a contaminant to decrease its concentration.

Fast and Economical

Best with Water – Soluble Substances

Must make sure water is compatible with

contaminant and will not react adversely

NFPA 6.3.3.2(2)

6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures. 6.3.3.2(2) Describe the advantages and limitations of each of


(a) Dilution

The process of adding a substance, usually water to a

contaminant to decrease its concentration.

Fast and Economical

Best with Water – Soluble Substances

Note: If an Acid or Base; Needs to be washed at minimum 20

minutes

Must make sure water is compatible with contaminant and will

not react adversely

Slide 45





b) Isolation

The process of removing items that cannot be

properly decontaminated. Requires removing

items and Isolating them in a designated area.

Can be saved and designated as Evidence

Does NOT Apply to Humans

Can be tested further for evidence,

May be disposed of or destroyed

NFPA 6.3.3.2(2)



(b) Isolation

The process of removing items that cannot be properly

decontaminated.

Requires removing items and Isolating them in a designated

area.

Can be saved and designated as Evidence

Does NOT Apply to Humans

Can be tested further for evidence

May be disposed of or destroyed

Slide 46





c) Washing

This is a simple “Soap and Water” solution where

the victims have the soapy solution applied and

then fully rinsed with copious amounts of water.

Simple, very similar to dilution just adding soap

May NOT completely remove contaminant,

Like dilution must ensure water / soap compatible

NFPA 6.3.3.2(2)



(c) Washing

This is a simple “Soap and Water” solution where the victims

have the soapy solution applied and then fully rinsed with

copious amounts of water.

Simple, very similar to dilution just adding soap

May NOT completely remove contaminant

Like dilution must ensure water / soap compatible


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 47



Identify sources of information for determining

the correct mass decontamination procedure and

identify how to access those resources in a

hazardous materials / WMD incident.

Emergency Response Guidebook

Fire Fighters Handbook of Hazardous Materials

Material Safety Data Sheets

Shipping Papers

CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ

National Response Center

Electronic ResourcesNFPA 6.3.3.2(3)

6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures. 6.3.3.2(3) Identify sources of information for determining the

correct mass decontamination procedure and identify how to

access those resources in a hazardous materials / WMD

incident.

Emergency Response Guidebook:

Fire Fighters Handbook of Hazardous Materials:

Material Safety Data Sheets:

Shipping Papers:

CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ:

National Response Center:

Electronic Resources:

Slide 48



Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the

supplies and equipment required to set up and

implement mass decontamination operations.

6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures. 6.3.3.2(4) Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the

supplies and equipment required to set up and implement

mass decontamination operations.

• Water Supply: Municipal (hydrants) Drafting: Lakes,

Ponds, Pools,

Mobile Water Supply (MWS)

• Pumper (s)

• Aerial (if Available)

• Ground Ladder: If building Bridge between pumpers or

using to drape Tarps

• Small Diameter Hose: Booster Lines, Small Handlines 1½”

– 1¾”

• Fog Nozzles: Water Spray desired, NO Straight Stream

• Water Distribution Equipment: Ladder Pipe, Trident Device

• Traffic Control Safety Cones: Direct Victims through

desired path of travel

• Barrels / Garbage Bags: Retain Clothing for Decon and

Evidence Gathering

• Modesty Kits: For after Clothing Removal: Towels, Gowns,

Foot Pads


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 49



Identify procedures, equipment, and safety

precautions for communicating with crowds and

crowd management techniques that can be used

at incidents where a large number of people

might be contaminated.

6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures.

6.3.3.2(5) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety

precautions for communicating with crowds and crowd

management techniques that can be used at incidents where a

large number of people might be contaminated.

With all the Apparatus, Sirens etc. and the potential “Panic” of

the Victims, it could be very noisy at the Emergency Scene.

Electronic Devices such as the Public Address Systems on

Apparatus Sirens or Hand Held Bull Horns can be very useful.

Keep in mind that with Human Nature – Most (not all) victims

will be looking for help and guidance. A Loud, Calm

Commanding Voice of a First Responder can do wonders.

Slide 50

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.3.3.2(5)


6.3.3.2 Selecting Decontamination Procedures. 6.3.3.2(5) Identify procedures, equipment, and safety

precautions for communicating with crowds and crowd

management techniques that can be used at incidents where a

large number of people might be contaminated.

First Responders may be required to Direct Victims using

voice commands as well as potential Hand Signals or

Demonstration of the desired actions required.

Responders must use caution not to come in direct contact

with the Victims or Chemicals or they may become

contaminated as well.

Slide 51



Implementing the Planned

Response

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

NFPA 6.3.4


Decontamination.

6.3.4 Competencies – Implementing the Planned

Response.


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 52



Performing Incident Management Duties

Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials /

WMD incident and the emergency response plan or

Standard operating procedures, the operations level

responder assigned to mass decontamination operations

shall demonstrate the mass decontamination duties

assigned in the incident action plan by describing the

local procedures for the implementation of the mass

Decontamination function within the incident

command system.

NFPA 6.3.4.1


Response.

6.3.4.1 Performing Incident Management Duties. Given a

scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident and

the emergency response plan or standard operating

procedures, the operations level responder assigned to mass

decontamination operations shall demonstrate the mass

decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan by

describing the local procedures for the implementation of the

mass decontamination function within the incident command

system.





Incidents Forms to help facilitate the students ability to think

about, research and answer the above question.

Student must be familiar with the Incident Command System

and the Hazardous Materials function specifically within ICS.

(Chapter 5 Ops Core: Section 5.4.3)

Skill Sheet: 6.3.4.1 A

Skill Sheet: 6.3.4.1 B

Slide 53



Performing Decontamination Operations

Identified in Incident Action Plan

The operations level responder assigned to mass

decontamination operations shall demonstrate the

ability to set up and implement mass

decontamination operations for ambulatory and non-

ambulatory victims.

NFPA 6.3.4.2


Response.

6.3.4.2 Performing Decontamination Operations

Identified in Incident Action Plan.


decontamination operations shall demonstrate the ability to set

up and implement mass decontamination operations for

ambulatory and non-ambulatory victims.







Must be Performed in Practical Skills Evolution

Skill Sheet: 6.3.4.2 A


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 54

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.3.4.2

Mass DecontaminationAmbulatory


Response.







Local Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) or Standard

Operating Guidelines (SOG’s) for the Responder Agency must

have plans and directions on how to set up a system and deal

Ambulatory Victims.

Does not have to be elaborate, Can be a pumper with a couple

Fog Nozzles on side discharges initially until more responders

arrive.

Note: When using the pumpers: Place Nozzles Opposite side

of Pump Panel

Slide 55


Mass DecontaminationNon-Ambulatory

NFPA 6.3.4.2


Response.










Non-Ambulatory Victims.

Does not have to be elaborate, Can be a ground ladder placed

across two pools so Victims can be placed on a Backboard and

slid across for washing


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 56




Response.










Non-Ambulatory Victims.

Does not have to be elaborate, Can be a ground ladder placed

across two pools so Victims can be placed on a Backboard and

slid across for washing

Slide 57



Evaluating Progress

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

NFPA 6.3.5


Decontamination.

6.3.5 Competencies – Evaluating Progress.

Slide 58



Evaluating the Effectiveness of the

Mass Decontamination Process

Given examples of contaminated items that have

undergone the required decontamination, the

operations level responder assigned to mass

Decontamination operations shall identify procedures

for determining whether the items have been fully

decontaminated according to the standard operating

procedures of the AHJ or the incident action plan.

NFPA 6.3.5.1


6.3.5.1 Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Mass

Decontamination Process.

Given examples of contaminated items that have undergone

the required decontamination, the operations level responder

assigned to mass decontamination operations shall identify

procedures for determining whether the items have been fully

decontaminated according to the standard operating

procedures of the AHJ or the incident action plan.




As well as various “Examples” of Hazardous Materials to help

facilitate the students ability to think about, research and

answer the above question.


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 59



Evaluating the Effectiveness of the

Mass Decontamination Process

LERP / SOPs / SOGs

Similar to testing victims;

The AHJ must have a procedure to test tools,

equipment and other objects after the

Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates

are removed and victims safe to be medically

treated and transported.

ie. Metering, Test StripsNFPA 6.3.5.1


6.3.5.1 Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Mass

Decontamination Process.

Local Emergency response Plan (LERP)



Similar to testing Victims;

The AHJ must have a procedure to test tools, equipment and

other objects after the Decontamination process to ensure all

contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically

treated and transported.

ie. Metering, Test Strips

Slide 60



Terminating the Incident

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

NFPA 6.3.6


Decontamination.

6.3.6 Competencies – Terminating the Incident.

Slide 61



Reporting and Documenting the Incident

Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials /

WMD incident, the operations level responder

assigned to mass decontamination operations shall

Document the mass decontamination activities as

required by the AHJ by completing the following:

NFPA 6.3.6.1

6.3.6 Competencies – Terminating the Incident. 6.3.6.1 Reporting and Documenting the Incident. Given a

scenario involving a hazardous materials / WMD incident, the

operations level responder assigned to mass decontamination

operations shall Document the mass decontamination

activities as required by the AHJ by completing the following:








Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 62




Identify the reports and supporting

Documentation required by the emergency response

plan or standard operating procedures.



Pre-made Forms should be readily available and

maintained as integral component of overall report.

NFPA 6.3.6.1(1)


6.3.6.1 Reporting and Documenting the Incident.

6.3.6.1(1) Identify the reports and supporting documentation

required by the emergency response plan or standard

operating procedures.


(L.E.R.P.) and covered by Standard Operating Procedure

(SOP) or Standard Operating Guideline (SOG).


integral component of overall report. Most “Regional

Teams” can provide these forms, Standardized forms will

assist when a Multi-Agency event occurs.

ie.

ERG / NIOSH Guide / MSDS Sheets

Evidence Gathering and Preservation Form

Log Sheet with Request for Assistance times; such as Law

Enforcement, EMS etc.

Skill Sheet: 6.3.6 A

Skill Sheet: 6.3.6 B

Skill Sheet: 6.3.6 C

Slide 63




Describe the importance of

Personnel exposure records.

Legal Account on Record of the Incident and

Actions Taken to Protect Responders and Victims.

Documentation for Medical Records for Future

Reference in Treatment and Potential Exposures

and Possible Illnesses and Resulting Legal Action

NFPA 6.3.6.1(2)



6.3.6.1(2) Describe the importance of personnel exposure

records.

Any documentation is a Legal Account on Record of the

Incident and Actions Taken to Protect Responders and

Victims. This may affect Insurance Carriers, Municipal

Records; these records may also come into play if the event is

determined to be a crime scene and legal action is taken

against those who perpetrated or are responsible for the Crime.

Documentation for Medical Records for Future Reference in

Treatment and Potential Exposures and Possible Illnesses and

Resulting Legal Action


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 64




Identify the steps in keeping an activity log

and exposure records.



Pre-made Forms should be readily available and

maintained as integral component of overall report.

Exposure Records should be made available to

Medical Provider as part of Medical History

NFPA 6.3.6.1(3)



6.3.6.1(3) Identify the steps in keeping an activity log and

exposure records.


(L.E.R.P.) and covered by Standard Operating Procedure

(SOP) or Standard Operating Guideline (SOG).


integral component of overall report. Most “Regional Teams”

can provide these forms, Standardized forms will assist when

a Multi-Agency event occurs.

Exposure Records should be made available to Medical

Provider as part of Medical History as well as a copy provided

to the Individual for future treatment

Slide 65




Identify the requirements for filing documents

and maintaining records.

Documents need to be filled out As Soon As Possible

and filed within Legal Requirements

Connecticut State Library stipulates guidelines for

maintaining Records and Reports

O.S.H.A also has mandates for Record Keeping

NFPA 6.3.6.1(4)



6.3.6.1(4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and

maintaining records.

Documents need to be filled out As Soon As Possible and filed

within Legal Requirements established by Local, State and

Federal Guidelines

Connecticut State Library stipulates guidelines for maintaining

Records and Reports

O.S.H.A also has mandates for Record Keeping


Unit HM 8.1.1

Chapter 9





Slide 66


Reporting and Documenting

LERP / SOPs / SOGs

NIMS Requirements

OSHA Requirements

NFIRS Requirements


NFPA 6.3.6.1(4)



6.3.6.1(4) Identify the requirements for filing documents and

maintaining records.

Personnel must know their own Authority Having

Jurisdictions LERP and SOPs / SOGs.

These local documents normally follow the requirements of

the Manufacturer, the Local

Risk Management and the Authority Having Jurisdiction

Insurer.

Such documents would be the Medical Exposure Forms,

Maintenance and Use Form for the

S.C.B.A., Equipment Manufacturers Recommendations,

P.P.E. Exposure and Cleaning

NIMS has multiple Forms available for the Incident Command

System that would be beneficial as historical documents of

assignments, Incident Action Plan etc.

OSHA has specific requirements for Hazardous Materials

regarding Medical Evaluations, P.P.E. Cleaning and

Inspection

NFIRS reporting requirements for National Statistics also

become historical documents as a record of the event and

related information.

Slide 67


Module 2 – Practical Application

Set Up Mass Emergency DECON

Set Up Mass Decon for Ambulatory

Set Up for Mass Decon Non-Ambulatory

NFPA 6.3


Decontamination.

Set Up Mass Emergency Decontamination System

Provide a few various samples using Local Responders

Equipment

Set Up Mass Decon for Ambulatory

Set Up for Mass Decon Non-Ambulatory

Mission Specific Module 2 ¾ Hazardous Materials Operations ...

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