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Mission Impossible

Why C Mt M D NtI th Vty f th Eu U

Sth B. Ad

N. 58 | D 2013

WORKING PAPER


2/23

2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 58 | December 2013

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-ForschergruppeTh Trafrav Pwr f Eur

Th KFG W P S v t dt th h ut f th K-Fhu y

th v t d u. It t h d xh w t tth d d

x h t d xt du Eu d th Eu U.

A KFG W P v th KFG wt t www.tfu.u dd t v

t [email protected].

Cyht f th u: Sth B. Ad

Edt t d du: Ad Bh d F Buh

Ad, Sth B. 2013: M I: Why C Mt M D Nt I th Vty f th

Eu U, KFG W P S, N. 58, D 2013, K-Fhu (KFG) Th TfvPw f Eu, F Uvtt B.

ISSN 1868-6834 (Pt)

ISSN 1868-7601 (Itt)

Th u h fudd y th G Rh Fud (DFG).

F Uvtt B

K-Fhu

Th Tfv Pw f Eu:

Th Eu U d th Du f Id

Iht. 26

14195 B

Gy

Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033

Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

[email protected]

www.tfu.u


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Mission Impossible| 3

Mission Impossible

Why Cr Maagt M D Nt Icra th Vty f

th Eura U

Stephanie B. Anderson

Atract

Th Eu U (EU) C F d Suty Py (CFSP) d t y C

Suty d Df Py (CSDP) t ud t th t f th EU.

U th dt dt, th tudy ftu tt y tht vut hw uh d wht

d f d v CSDP v. I , th w v v, ut td. Th

u tht th tutu: th vy tu f th thv, whth EU

NATO, th vh f EU f , tu, d . By

d, thy dutd th dd f , w v y v. Th vy

t f ud ud th . Ituy, CSDP tvt;

thf, th tt t th v. Ly, th uuy td t,

udvd t f th wd, t dut d xv f Eu d t ju-

t t v. Mv, th d hv thv, f . Th uth ud

tht thuh y d d, CSDP t fu th y fu f

th f th EU.

Th Authr

Sth B. Ad B.S.F.S. (Gtw), M.S. (E), Ph.D. (Cantab.)

t f f d djut f f t-

tud d d d w tud t th Uvty f

Wy. M ty, h w fw t th F Uvty

f B h EU uty d df y, dty-f,

d t d th h--d t th EU Ct

S. H , Craing EU Security Policy: In Pursuit of a European

Identy (Bud, CO: Ly R, 2008) d h ud-

t S Fuht Rh Sh t th G Itut

f It d Suty A (SWP). H t Fuht w

S Sh th Gdut Sh f It Stud t S

Uvty Su, K. Sh h uhd v ju d

dtd vu udArmed Forces and Societyd European Foreign

Aairs Review. Ctt: [email protected]


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Contents

1. Itdu 5

2. Vty d th CSDP: I th EU It P

d Sut A t Cz 6

3. Th Md Cv f CSDP M: L M d L

Dt 7

3.1 Methodology: Assessing the Media Coverage of CSDP Missions 8

3.2 Content Analysis Data 11

4. Why CSDP M P Vh f EU P 13

4.1 Secrecy + Low Prole = Poor Public Relaons Opportunies 14

4.2 Instuonal Constraints: Member States Take the Glory 15

4.3 Logiscs: Locaon, Locaon, Locaon, and Timing 17

5. Cu: Sufu M Rqu Lw P 18

Rf 21


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1. Itrduc

Th Eu U (EU) h td th 25 t ud th wd

2003. Utd N (UN) Sty G B K- ttd tht th Utd N d thEu U hv t th, d xd h d d d -

f wht th Eu U h d t f d ty w th -

t d ht f hu ht, t h d th ht t t (S

f th Sty G, Hh Rtv f CFSP 2007). I t th qu wh w

d f Eu, G F Mt Jh Fh d, Eu d f d

Afht, B d Kv. () Thy th f t, ut thy

v wd tt - Eu. Th u, () [t]h t. Ad d f Eu, d

hv dd (Bt 2005). Nvth, th d v tht

th vty w d t f th Eu Cu D 2013, d t f th t .

C w P Ahd xd,

its obvious that visibility is part of being eecve. Its important for the recipients of the aid to know

who they are dealing with and for the European tax payer, the donors of the aid, to see the acons on

the ground, in terms of their future engagement (Reman 2010).

I th yth th EU d t th vty f CSDP ? Vy . Th vy tu f th

, whth th z th EU th Nth At Tty Oz (NATO),

t th u f t t f f-. Ev wh CSDP u-

fu, th ut EU uty xty dut. Ft, y, thy t wy th

ut f d-d , d, thf, d t d thv t uty. S th

tt th d d tu, tht th d d th tx vu, tu

tt vt t th dt wh th u d th EU wh th

. Ly, CSDP uuy td t, udvd t f th wd,

wthut thv, f , t dut d xv f Eu d t

jut t v. Hwv, th f v y th t u f th -

y y w d v t f wh t th t.

Athuh y d d, CSDP t fu th y fu f th

f th EU.

Th t f th x th f u CSDP t hw th EU.

Nxt, u dt f qutv tt y, th uth dtt tht th y dt;

, CSDP th vy w v d d t ud th U .

Hwv, dy v t t NATO dtt tht th

t th EU . Th th u qutv y t x hw th vy tu f CSDP -

ud th u t.


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2. Vty ad th CSDP: Icrag th EU Itraa Prg ad Surt

Ag t Cz1

Th EU f d uty y ud t th f th EU th t h d d.Th 1993 Mtht Tty Eu U ttd tht f th f th wy t-

hd CFSP w t t t dty th t . Th w ttd th St-

M D D 1998, whh d t th f f th uqut Eu Suty

d Df Py2 d tht Eu [ud] t v hd wd (F d

Cwth O f th UK 1998). Ad t th 2003 Ct f EU Mt M,

f th w t h EU vty (Cu f th Eu U 2003). I 2010, th

Eu Ext A Sv (EEAS) w thd wth th d: t th

U d u th wd (Cu f th Eu U 2010).

My tt hv d f u t v f th CSDP wy f

t t d t u ut f th Eu jt. Luxu, whh hd th EU

dy du th t hf f 2005, d th u f ESDP t t. Athuh

thy, th qut tuv.

To achieve the goal of an improved and enhanced communicaon strategy, there is no secret: explain,

popularize, envelop it in common language at the same me as debang its objecves and concepts

in order to spread it among the public. In most of the European sociees, where armed conicts have

a bad reputaon and where the horrors of war are sll profoundly anchored, speaking about security

and defence oen awakens suspicion and provokes a sense of unease which it is dicult to get rid of.

Nonetheless, stereotypes and misleading senments tend to stay on forever. Therefore, in order to

convince, the European Union and the Member States have to become even more acve and have

to develop a true communicaon strategy on ESDP. The objecve of this strategy should be to rally

public opinion around a policy and to legimate the ESDP by a strong parliamentary and popular

support[sic, but emphasis added] (Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2005).

Ad h ut th d v: d v, vdd t th v d -

tt, h u d th EU (d V/Bd 2006 : 419).

I A 2006, th Wt Eu U (WEU) Ay, d f f th -

t, d t tht dtd tht th th d th w y uh t-

t. Th tu udd, th EU th uty f th [du th ALTHEA M

t B] hd t tutd uh ht hopedtwd h th wy whh th ESDP

w vd y th u t [h ddd] (Ay f th Wt Eu U 2006).

Thf, t ut dd t d d t th u (Ay f

th Wt Eu U 2006). Jut fw w t, th UK Pt htd tw-dy

Bud u Eu wd: Pty ty d h u

uty d df.

1 F -dth y f CSDP dty ud th EU, Ad (2008).

2 Th L Tty t hd th f th y t th C Suty d Df Py (CSDP).


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D- ud t th td d v d u ut f CSDP

th 2008 Rt th It f th Eu Suty Stty Pvd Suty

Ch Wd:

Maintaining public support for our global engagement is fundamental. In modern democracies, where

media and public opinion are crucial to shaping policy, popular commitment is essenal to sustaining

our commitments abroad. We deploy police, judicial experts and soldiers in unstable zones around the

world. There is an onus on governments, parliaments and EU instuons to communicate how this

contributes to security at home (Council of the European Union 2008: 12).

Wth th Cu P d Suty C (PSC), th tt hv ud t v

th v f vty d EU v. I -u wht , d

y G 2010, t th PSC td Eh th EU u dy: B vty d y

EU f The role of the E.E.A.S. and of the PSC th G vt d u th EEAS t

t u t th vty f th EU th wd t d th f th EU y

th u d f t [...] t t t th hu d

t vdd y th EU.3Bth th Eu Cu f D 2012 d D 2013 hv

udd th t f th vty f th CSDP (Eu Cu 2012: 10).4

3. Th Mda Cvrag f CSDP M: L M ad L Dat

I , th CSDP hv ufu f thy hv hd th , hd

f f, d t vy . Cty, th hv dy t,

f x, wh Iq EULEX Iq, uht t th Nthd f jud t, u

ut t yu Swd,5ut, t y hv S6, th hv t

f hv ty v w. A Lu Fd, Luxu t d Pdt-- f

th Cu xd, Eu d th wd u v d ( td A Eu

2005: 4). Thf, th Cu dtd tdd f hv t d t t f

vvd ESDP . Ay v f hu ht t td, d t t th

th, u d utu dvty f th u. Du u d xu xt fd-

d: It d f dut tht EU d wthy tv f th EU dut

thuhut th wd ( td A Eu 2005: 4). Th d t ht, d

yt, th d hv ty d th CSDP .

3 A t EU dut td y Pu Stu (2010: 1).

4 I vty f th CSDP h d d t f th futu Eu Cu D

2013.

5 Itvw wth Duth f th Pt M f th Nthd t th Eu U, 8 Nv

2005, Bu, Bu.

6 Th Juy 1995 S d du th B w f t th f 8,000 B

B Mu v dtd f ud UN t. Th 400 Duth th

ud w u t vt th .


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T v d f hw y ht t t u G Nw hv, tht , h 25,000

w u f th ty f t hv f 2004 wd, t d f th tu

U.S. Pdt B O wth 48,800,000 ht. Th EU t 7,250,000 ht. Th Eu th

1,700,000 ht. G Ch A M t 1,480,000 ht. Eu C dtJ Mu B h 168,000. Cd t th h t d Eu uty,

yth vv CSDP v f f th w . NATO th 6,770,000 ht.

F Hh Rtv f th C F d Suty Py, Jv S 91,500 ht

d h u, Cth Aht, 85,300. Th t EU t t 4,280 ht. Th

t CFSP v 686 ht d th t CSDP t 158 ht. 7Th u y y w

u thy y. Add th ht G Nw hv f th CSDP ut

tt u f 24,975 ht. I t, u th t u, tht th t 25,000

tt ht f CSDP , th d 0.35 t f th d tht th EU d

NATO vd, d ut 15 t f th tht th CFSP Hh Rtv ( th

tt) vd du th d. O NATO , ISAF (Afht), vd 158,000 ht,

th x th w v f th CSDP d. Nvth, t NATO

v v. Th th tu f th : thy vh

f f-.

3.1 Methodology: Assessing the Media Coverage of CSDP Missions

Jut hw uh d v hv th CSDP d? I tt y, 2011, th uth

d h h tt d th f vy CSDP t th t dt:

Lx/Nx Ad (Lx); Wd Nw C (WNC), fy th F Bdt If

Sv (FBIS); d th G Nw hv. Lx/Nx h dt f v 10,000 w u-

.8WNC, td y th O Su Ct, y f th U.S. vt, h thud f -

U.S. d ttd t Eh, wth u h d v. 9G Nw

v th 25,000 w u wdwd (Ch 2009). By u th dt dt, th

h w t tut th d. Bth th uth d h tt wt v th

t u d tt d.

Du t u , th h jt y uzd Eh ttd t Eh.

Bth Lx d WNC dt hv xtv hv f Eh-u , ttd d th-

w. Dt th t, th h ydd thud f w , , dt

tt, d vu f w u ud th wd. I d t u th y

f y vt , tht th CSDP qu d t, f x, y

7 O 3 Ot 2013, th uth d th t t G Nw hv (2004 t t) t t th wdt

u f ht.

8 h://www.xx./-u/dut/xx-d.. LxNx v th Eh d -E-h j wd u u w v, dt tt, z, ju, d w.

9 F f, h://w.fdwd.v/d.ht.


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th t f S , h t udd y th (..

EULEX Kv, EUFOR C) d dt t wh y (.. th u EUPOL

C). Athuh vt ht hv d u th t, t CSDP

d th y . Mv, th t f th tudy w t dv hw th EU w hhhtd d t wh th tt w hhhtd. S

t th y f t d d t ut y vt ut ,

w d f th t thuhut th , d t h wth th hd d

d. Th tt y y xudd , vt ju d t, d

duty t du t tt d v t h t d t.

I d t dut tt y, uh vu f , th 15,000 th LxNx

d Wd Nw C dt, ttd th u f d f th vu .

Th y t f wth hh vu (v 150) f d f f 100

, d f th z. Th t td th d t dy t d

, . F x, th EUFOR Ath th WNC h ydd 266 ht,

vy d d th d f th tt y ( 2, 4, 6, t.). M

wth fw tht 150 ht ttd tt y f v t u th t

ut f t y. S th f wy t xud th vt ty f

u wth th h t th v h , whv

th y xudd ty f d th ut, th xt vt w

yzd d th f dy ud t th dtd tv.

Sht d th tw h ttd hty dt h thd . F

x, th WNC dt y t y, thu x th f f th Eu

Cuty/U Mt M (ECMM/EUMM), th B t . Futh,

Lx wd f f th y dt, t wth th t v dt. WNC td -

y dt ut y wd f t wth th tt dt. Wh t d, th tt y

f th WNC f h wth th t t d d t th t.

Ay f Lx u wth th t d d f th. Wth -

d t Lx/Nx, w dd t fy t t th t wd . W h t h

f th wd tu u. Wh LxNx w dy u f ht th 3,000, th

th dt hd uh t.

Cd f h td f v dt v: dt, , v,

v t, uty f f th u, th f th (u f t), th f

th tu v th (u f t), wd ut, h uzd, ty

(w, y, , ), d u. WNC h udd td wd ut

du t th f td d, d xv t d h t. I d t -

tt, u f th wd ut v dud v y th v h .

Idfy f t h wd f thwd d f th v (dt,

uty f , th f , th , h , d u). Th h

uy utd th t f th th f th d th th .


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Th v f v t, ty, d v qud tt d t du t th u-

jv tu f th v. Cv t f th td f th v v d.

Pv td th f th v , yzd th d ut

f th , htzd th y t f v ut wy. I th wd, thut wd twd th v. Nv fud t y t.

M dth, u u du t th , u dtv t

( th EU, t, d v), d/ t d tt t w th dt

f v v t. Th tt t f d v w y d t

y fy th t wh th jty f th v d v ut.

A ty td f fu t: w, y, , d . I t , th

dfy f th dd th ty. Wh th uh h -

fd t vd th f wth th , thuh d f th ud wth

t vuy tzd vdd ut f t dt th t

ty.

Pv f th vd t th t dut t d. Pv td f th dt

t: , t, Eu. Du t v v, u tw th

Eu d t v, th y t dd t thuh. F t

dd Eu v, th jty f th hd t t th f th

wth d t th EU, u d Eu d d d-, tt

th wth d wth th EU Eu wh. F t dd t -

v, th dd t v th f th v (y

wth d t th UN, NATO, th t z; , th f t

uty), f th uty whh th w t wth th u

f t tu tt. F t dd v, t

dd y t v dvdu tt x wth th , y th f f udt-

y d d . Udutdy, ud d t

Eu, Eu, ut th t vd t t uh uty .


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3.2 Content Analysis Data

MISSION LEXIS NEXIS

WORLD NEWS

CONNECTION

GOOGLE NEWS

ArchvEUTM S 72 18 142

EUNAVFOR S (Att) 336 482 1,720

EUNAVCO S 4 0 8

EUMM G 518 106 577

EULEX Kv 3,000+ 2,728 8,790

EU SSR Gu-Bu 16 11 12

EUFOR TCHAD Chd 1,494 367 1,220

EUPOL Afht 400 69 1,060

EUPOL C 104 8 210EUFOR RD C 522 103 1,130

EUPT Kv 27 9 40

EUPAT Md 7 3 8

EUPOL COPPS P t-

t 124 13 64

EUBAM U-Mdv 179 36 27

EUBAM Rfh 95 17 231

AMM Ah 658 107 935

Sut t AMIS Sud 122 64 2,580

EUJUST LEX Iq 86 11 52

EUSEC C 74 10 263

EUPOL Kh C 50 4 124

EUFOR Ath B 275 266 4,430

EUPOL Px Md 16 191 45

ARTEMIS C 459 82 380

CONCORDIA Md 327 205 569

EUPM B 890 308 355

ECMM/EUMM B 3 1 3

TOTAL 9,858+ 5,219 24,975

I w u, th CSDP t vy y td d utt uh w, d,

d tv. Of th , y EULEX Kv hd ht u th thud th dt-

. Oy ht ut f 26 hd ht th hudd th dt.

Of th 3010 yzd, y 89 w y (3 t), 200 w (6 t), 65

w (2 t), th w d th t w w (88 t). Th w dt-

. 21 t w dd Eu v (626/3,010), 52 t (1,564/3,010) w t-

th v f th , d 27 t (820/3,010) t v. Av


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th th thv w 14.3 , ut y 715 ut f th 3,010 (24 t) hd

th t th thv. I t f wd, y 233/3,010 8 t f

tht d th t w v 1,000 wd th. I th wd, -dth du

y f th thv w xty td.

F d Bu d th th t f tt u f ut th d th

v u f f h . I t f th, Gy w th d uty wth

D d Bu hd.

Tu t th t f v, f t ut th t w vwhy v. D w

th x, ut th w fw tht th t ud y. F f th th

ut, v w t t 70 t v d w v 90 t v f t f th

ut. Gy hd th wt t f v ( ut wth uty

uh u f t yz) wth 71.7 t wth S, U.K., F, Id, d Aut

hv v v th 80 t .

Rd th , th v tht vd th t v f EU ut w:

At C

EUf C

EUf Thd

EUNAVf Att

EUPOL Afht

Eh f th hd v hudd w ut th. Mt f th v f th

w vwhy v. A fw hd v tht d th 70 t v

, whh w d tht th v v f th w 93 t v. S

f th th , y th ut whh y fw w w, hd 100 t -

v v. Mt f th th hd 90 t v v . Th fu tht

ht tut th wth v th 70 t :

EUFOR Thd

EULEX Kv

EUNAFOR Att

EUPOL Afht

Th v f th w ty uh w th th th, y d tht th

v v w 93 t v. Nvth, th v w vwhy v.

Th u ud dt v v f th w dt tt. I ,

th wth th t v t th t v v. I th wd, w

d w, ut , d w w.


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I th d v du t dy th EU d f tutu tht t

t z t u ? NATO xt

t u th th EU d NATO hv h, 21 Eu ut -

f th z, d u thy hv th td , fx f Yuv d th H f Af.

Mt t NATO vd u th hudd th EU , wth th

x f th j ty tv Afht tht ud th thud th

dt, d hd u v x u. Th u wud dt tht th

t wth th EU, ut wth th thv.

COMPARATOR NATO

OPERATIONS LEXIS NEXIS

WORLD NEWS

CONNECTION

GOOGLE NEWS

ArchvISAF (Afht) 3,000+ 9,596 158,000

Essenal Harvest( M-

d) 1,536 96 722

Amber Fox 323 100 114

Allied Harmony 47 100 94

Allied Protector 207 94 74

Pt thqu f 994 193 1,140

Acve Endeavour(dt

d dt tt v-ty th Mdt) 170 91 513

KFOR NATO (Kv) 997 2,569 21,300

Unied ProtectorNATO (L-

y) 1,000 127 2,830

NTM-I (Iq) 202 10 198

Eagle Assist 53 0 31

O Shd (Py th

H f Af) 999 87 1,550

4. Why CSDP M ar Pr Vhc fr EU Pr

Itvw wth EU d ut th d. N w ud t th w

v. CSDP vh f EU u th vy tu f CSDP

hd v f , tu, d . I th wd, CSDP

y v, w v udt v . Th tt, tht t

th t d d, t th h f dt wh th ufu d th EU

wh th . Fy, th vy t dut f jut t v, v

wh t ufu.


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Th ft tht CSDP th dut f t, ut d wth y

v tht th vy tu f d ttt fuht wth d

th w wd ud jdz th tf. Ft, thy t

dt hd d d. Thf, th ud u th f th EU d. Mv, ud y t ud f th ftt h w . Th tt w

y t t f f thy t th dt f th t th th th EU

th t z, -vt z th tdy. I th wd,

EU ud d th . Suh th f y t : whth

th UN, th EU, NATO, th tut ut dt.

Ituy, th tu uht t th f EU tt, w d-d -

t w th y ut f th 27. Wth uty th tdd, t

u. Mv, t d t tht t hd: CSDP de facto-

f th w t v d d vut. T dfy ut, th d

th h; PR d ty. A ut, th tt tht t u th w-thd

t t th dt, t th x f th EU.

Ly, t xv d du f t d Eu jut t v th

thy , y d, th dd f d , qut t. Th th

uuy t vy v u th h utd fd f , t w t vy w dvd

th t , th. I dd, th Bu-d y t th u

t wth jut dut.

4.1 Secrecy + Low Prole = Poor Public Relaons Opportunies

Th f th EU Ah ft x f th d f y -

t th ud. P hd uv f dd, ut h ut wth Fh

Juh Cht ut th t t. Cht d h wf vd t t-

u h t t Suw, d Id, wth th f h th v 100

u. I d , h d Bh Id uty d d f- fdh.

I th t 1990, h ttd Ah, d, u wud hv t, t Fd Hu, Duty

Mt f S A. Hu w w f h th d, d

uqut 2003, Cht td h tht h hd tt wth th F Ah Mvt

(GAM), th Ah u Sth. I th du, f Fh Pdt M

Ah w t d dt. Wht Cht dd t w w tht Juuf

K, Id V Pdt, hd hd Hu wth th t t f w tt wth th

GAM dh Swd. Th Gvt f Id w t , ut wth t

f hu ht u d y f fd t, t dd t wt t t vtu u (M

2008 : 28-29). Th u w t y v.


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Th vty t tht th qud y. M h v ht f

f th GAM d th Gvt f Id (GI) td th w, Juy 2005, wh

t d t th Ktdt M Vt, Fd. Wh d why th t

t Fd, Ah wd, t w y tht th td f th . Hxd th tu utuy xuv: Bth d t d hd h t

th w t ty t v d d t (Auwd/L 2008: 23). Oy

Ah t th , d y t y tht th tw d w . Ah xd: Th

wy t tt f th t u th d th . But f w tt t u

v th d tht w hv ddd th tht f th th ty, d u w v

dut (M 2008: 22).

It w t th tht th EU w d t f y t. Th ft tht th

xd GAM d w tuzd Swdh z d th EU vvd. Yt, th

hd t u hd d d; thy ud t hv udd th u y. Thf, th ud

ud u th f th EU vvt th . Ay ty f EU w t.

K w w duv t ufu . Suh w th d th Cu

dut f 2008 tht dw th Ah x. Rz th v vt

d tht th dyt f uh t d/ t

xt, ut d d , t th t tht ty

y hv t d, t t th y t (Cu f th Eu U 2009). U CSDP

t t th EU ud vy w th u f th thv; th EU

t t t t uh dt f th . A Ah xd: Tht why I wy

th f th ft tht th t tw th. Ndy wt t dd

wd tht utd w dd t t f th . I d tht dy N (

td M 2008 : 141).

4.2 Instuonal Constraints: Member States Take the Glory

A CSDP y v y d, f f th th tht th EU

tt hv dt tt. Th Tty Eu U t ut vy d

du wth th h tdty f wth v t vt,

wh t th , t f t hd. A ut, f d uty y d-

htzd y d hd d d udd y

t u vt w uy d ut ud u u t h t y.

Th t wd . Itd, d d, th PSC t th wd f

t u th u fuy wuht f th d-d d y

vyd th d.

Eu Pt Pdt M Shuz utd th f v d v t uh -

y: Why d EU tu t hd d d []. Evyth tht h hd d


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d yu d v t f tt. H utd th y th

f tt th EU wh th w d t dt f v dv-

t (Mhy 2013). Chth My d v 1999 tht th EU u-

dt ud y tt t h t th EU (My 1999).

I h w Eu u dy, M Dv C ud tht tt t f

th w v f EU f y xu u -v u dy y ud th EU

t t f u (Dv C 2011). Why th th ? Wth d t CSDP ,

t u tt t th , d t th h f th t, tht th

dt wh ufu. Mt hv d uty, d tht d uty w

dt v t h u th vt d htd . I tt,

CSDP ut th w wth vy fw . Sty, th t CSDP ,

th u f , v tdy, h v xdd fu .

Iy, th w fud f . I 2003, fw th t th t CSDP , EUPM

B, th , G jut d th d f th hdqut d d t

wth th . Wh td th hd , th jut vutd d t th

t.10It wud th fu y u th w ud-vu f Cu .11Tdy, th

Cu tt hd u udt u th w d: th tt h

hd th w t, d th Cu dd t t y th C dt t

th Pt. Hwv, S zd tht d th t ty f u CSDP -

th ty f x th t th u. Nvth, t f

u th udt w . PRINCE (If P f EU Cz) fud

w f C jt; tt dy hd th w t. S t w -

d f d th , tt f fu .

S fud wy t ud u udt t h jt , d fud f t-

t d u. Wh tt f , tt wud vut

, uuy f tt f th. Th th wud hv vu wd f th h

th th , d wud hv t td y S t Bu12.

Wth fw fud, u w ty thuht. Th Cu t jut t

Ah. Nt y dd h hv t ut h t, ht, ht, t., h dt d u th

t d udt ud d, ut h vd, th w , d thf

qut. I th , th EU utd hd ut d ht, d th

Wd B t h .13

10 Itvw wth Ext A Sv , 6 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.

11 Itvw wth EU III, 11 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.

12 Itvw wth EU I, 3 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.

13 Itvw wth Ext A Sv II, 7 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu


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Luy f th , th w tt th y xtd u th tu hd

uht y t t Id. Wh th vy d ud t, y ju-

t fud ut ut th t d wtd t v t t th .

Hwv, th v ud th vvd w. I y dv ut,

wh th jty f t , th t f. F x, f jut d

h qu v d v f th t hd f f t Id. T

qut d G Jt: [F] t vd tu d ut w ud

th v. Th y j t ut uty f Id d w w t d vyth t

u f tht (M 2008: 68). Aw utd w t f th vt, ut th v-

t hd h d tht y f d f jut hd dy td

th uty th t d t v th tu.

4.3 Logiscs: Locaon, Locaon, Locaon, and Timing

Th t f th CSDP hdd t d Eu d v. Vy

y, t dut f jut t t t th t t t. F x, f th -y

, O Att, th t f S, jut wud hv t y t Dju, vy

xv d u y, d, v f h h dd t t tuh wth th v

h th Guf f Ad, vy f d th tt ftutu, th ft tht th

h w t , th td vt th w y, th w tt v

t t th ty t Eu. Wth td udt d td , jut h t dt

th wh. Mv, h t ty hdqut (HQ) Nwd, Ed, th

HQ hd d t d d , y d tht th hdqut w u ud

f ud ty t. Hwv, Whth td d td thy t th .14

U EUFOR Thd th x, Fh F Mt Bd Kuh t h w

t d y jut, d d f th x. Par contre, S hd t

d th y t t ht t NDj d th d ht t t h t Fh,

Ah. EU uty w t th y f th Fh f ty. Luy, tht , th hd

f w t Ih wh udtd th t f th d, y

wth N-Gvt Oz (NGO), whh w f xt t th Chd .

S dd y t d jut dw d , ut, thuh d th , t d

u th u.

Th Cu tt hd t w tty t t ud th u. I 2007, thy ttd d

th w ud-vu t t ft f tv dt, wy u t -

d th w u Duth, Dh, t.-, d t th wdy u f

Eh Fh. Th w t vd v ft f th d t. Thy wud

14 Itvw wth EU I, 3 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu


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th u w d y Dd yu w th w Duth d th CSDP ?

M th w th y wy t t th w.15

Wth d t th d, , th t v f v . Ft,vy , th tf ud th fu f d. I th , th t

f. Ath u u: dd u th , th y t th EU

wh th t u t v tvw t fw th v. Th EU t t

d wth th t u , ut t t . I Ah, th Bu

w uy tht th UK y Jt t v , Id d

Fy B, wh ud t jut Bh Id. Th Bu-d v

ut ttt Eh.

T u. T qut Ady Wh, vy h h ut f f, tht , uty

h td wdw f tuty. I , t t f th t th;

tht, thy d w. Th hd f th Ah M. Th t h f d f

w hd f 15-17 St 2005 wh 243 w w tud y GAM d vd

y th Ah Mt M (AMM) (AMM 2005). A dd t, t w dy uy

wth v 100 tvw v ut d ht t.16Th, th w t w v, th ht

f hd v u w . Th dd G dt wt t th Jt y

th w, d th jut wt h.17

5. Ccu: Succfu M Rqur a Lw Pr

I f th EU d th A f Sutht A N (ASEAN) f th d-

yt f th AMM, Aty It wd f th f th Mdu f

Udtd (MU) 5.2 (d) t t th hu ht tu d vd t

th d (Aty It 2005). It xhtd th t t dut y v h.

I th d, tuth d tu w thd, d hu ht w uhd t th

u, ut h f th t. Shuz x tht th EU f fu th

hu ht t [] d t f th AMM t t t th v txt

f Id d , d t d (Shuz 2007: 1).

Ju Dv, Chf f St f th Mt M ut AMM u t th f

wh:

AMM was a peacekeeping operaon and the deployment of foreign monitors or missions is always

a sensive issue for a host country. Most of all, a successful peace process needs to be owned by the

15 EU I d III td th t.

16 Itvw wth Ad Shz, G F Mty, d, 5 Ju 2012.

17 Itvw wth EAS II , 7 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.


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pares and the populaon concerned, not by foreign bodies. This concept of local ownership is a guiding

principle of ESDP and one of great importance to AMM (Davies 2010: 383).

Juh Cht, th wh td th t, v th t f dty tth . H uquty fudd NGO, PACTA, tht hhht th vu f vt d-

y: PACTA h d dty whv y, ty whv

(PACTA 2010).

Th th : vty t th tu; wh f th , d -

dty y t ufu t . A f th d fu th

d f th EU t x, w t vt, v t th t f ty,

d w , f ud t ud. I th wd, EU f- t dd wth

ufu t.

Th EU d u L Pdy u td, th dy, tht d

t th EU t t z, th t h t y tht f w uty d t

v, t, d f, ut whh d t tu d y t th wd ht-

d ju (Eu Cu 2001: 20). EU xd vd tuty f th EU t

ty; thy vd tuty f th z t wd u th hu

t f th ty w. M ju y th f f tt th

f , th , Eu v. I th wd, th EU ut th d

th d d u ttt. A D N d J C xd, th w d vy

fu d yh fu th ttu t fu (N/

C 1983, td B 1990: 177). Lut Bu, Cdt f F 2 th UK, td

t f htd y th Stt Stud Itut, tht th d tyy fu ythy d

u wthut uh d f th wh tuth ( td Jh II. 2005). By y

th d v w, .., d t vt d ty

f d vu v, f u vu th, th w t v f tht z u .

Thf, th vw w dfy wth wht h t th tut, y, dt t-

y d t y h hf. Ch juduy, th ht t vt ud

th EU d thf h t dty (B 1990: 48).

Wh fuy xd, h hud t ud tht ufu t u

ut t uh y. If th EU th d , wh, v vt, hud -

d th d? Md y f d tv, ut d d t uuy

t tdy. P th h th u f th th ht d.

Nvth, th Eu U y t t u t d w wthut v. Th

Eu txy y t y f uh f h h th d t th d

t d. Athuh Eu u ty ut CSDP , th dv th dt.

Pu ut f ESDP d ty d whth thy w t y f t. I 2004,

thuh 71 t f Eu wtd th EU t uw th U.S., 47 t f

th 71 t wthdw th ut f tht t ty d (G


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Mh Fud f th Utd Stt 2004). I th wd, th wt th f EU f, ut

t th t.

Th y t th t w. I t L T V, th Eu Df Aywd tht d u ut f y d dut: Gvt d

y d f t uty d h y v htt t u-

dt ty tv tv d u tv f wh

u f t hv (Eu Df Ay 2006).

Ud th ut, udtd why th EU d t tt hv d f hh

vty f CSDP , ut d. Dy y d th t f d wth

v d v wy. T th EU h t h ht d d, ut t w t v-

. I y , tuy, th EU w y z h w : th

tt wh th wt th dt.

Udtd th hd th fu, whth t qu f y, tht whth th EU

wud t x th y h du, whth t tutu, tht , t

th thv, vt t dd th EU f y . Th ud tht th

tutu: CSDP vh f EU u f , tu,

d . If th hty t fu th vty fu, th EU y wt t

th whth uh y vtu wthwh.


21/23


Rfrc

Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM)2005: Ft h f - d d td. P

R, 27 St 2005, : h://www.h-./dwd/h/D%20

Ph%20I.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Agence Europe 2005: UE/Df: P xtd ty d, : Eu Dy

Bu, My 24, 2005.

Aguswandi/Large, Judith (d) 2008: Ru : Th Id-Ah , :

Ad: t vw f v 20, Ld: C Ru.

Amnesty Internaonal 2005: A f EU d ASEAN ut th dyt f

th Ah Mt M t N Ah Du Pv, ASA 21/017&2005, :

h://www.ty.//y/t/ASA21/017/2005//27164-d4f-11dd-823-

d58490d652/210172005.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Anderson, Stephanie2008: C EU Suty Py: I Puut f Eu Idty, Bud, CO:

Ly R.

Assembly of the Western European Union 2006: Rtu Pu O d th Ath M

v Sjv t f u w f ESDP, P, A 4, 2006.

Assembly of the Western European Union 2006: Ath y f th ESDP u, WEU Ay

, P, Ju 20, 2006.

Bernstein, Richard2005: Eu S Eu, : Nw Y T, Ju 7, 2005.

Blockmans, Steven/Wouters, Jan/Ruys, Tom (d.) 2010: Th Eu U d Pud: Py

d L At, Th Hu: TMC A P.

Bloom, William1990: P Idty, N Idty, d It R, Nw Y:

Cd Uvty P.

Cohen, Joshua 2009: S Pt, M O f Nw Puh, : G Nw B, D2, 2009, : h://w.t.d/2009/12/-t---f-w.

ht, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Council of the European Union 2003: Ct f EU Mt , : h://www.ux-v.

u/t/t/d/d/u/Ct_f_EU_Mt_.df, tvd

Ot 1, 2013.

Council of the European Union 2008: Rt th It f th Eu Suty Stty

Pvd Suty Ch Wd, S407/08, D 11, 2008, : h://www.u.

u.u/uD/_Dt/d/dt/EN/t/104630.df, tvd Ot 1,

2013.

Council of the European Union 2009: D Rvw f Rd f Eh C-

wth N-Gvt O (NGO) d Cv Sty O (CSO) thFw f EU Cv C Mt d Ct Pv, 10114/108, : h://

t.u.u.u/df//08/t10/t10114-01.08.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Council of the European Union 2010: D Cu d th th z d fu

f th Eu Ext A Sv, 8029/10, Mh 25, 2010, : h://t.u.

u.u/df//10/t08/t08029.10.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Davies, Jusn 2010: Th Ah Mt M: Su P d Dy, : B,

Stv/Wut, J/Ruy, T (d): Th Eu U d Pud: Py d L

At, Th Hu: TMC A P, 375-386.

Davis Cross, Maia K. 2011: EU Pu Dy: A Cht M? P dvd t th Au

M f th It Stud A, Mt, Cd.

De Vreese, Claes H./Boomgaarden, Hajo G. 2006: Md Et Pu O ut th

Et f th Eu U, : Ju f C Mt Stud 44/2, 419-436.


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European Council 2001: Pdy Cu Eu Cu M L, 14 d 25

D 2001, S300/1/01 : h://.u.u/v/t/ud/d/

__.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

European Council 2012: Eu Cu 13/14 D 2012 Cu, : h://www.

u.u.u/ud/_dt/d/dt///134353.df, tvd Ot 1,

2013.

European Defence Agency 2006: A I L-T V f Eu Df Cty d

Cty Nd, : h://u.u.t/uD/_Dt/d/dt/EN/t/91135.df,

tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Foreign and Commonwealth Oce of the United Kingdom (FCO) 1998: Jt D ud t th

Bh-Fh Sut, St-M, 3-4 D 1998, : h://www.v.u/j/f_

h_t__d_4_d_1998--f3d16-f37-4d52-936f-8980f24f.

ht, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

German Marshall Fund of the United States 2004: Tt Suvy Shw Cud, St St

U.S.-Eu R, P R, St 9, 2004, : h://www.fu./hv/

tt-uvy-hw-ud-t-t--u--u-/, tvdOt 1, 2013.

Johnson II., Douglas V. 2005: Th Tt f T: Th It f Stty O u th Ad

F, : Stt Stud Itut, Cf th It f Stty O U

th Ad F, 16-18 Ju 2010, P, : h://www.tttudtut.y./

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Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Union2005: W dut

t t 5 f th d: Pdy - - P th Eu Suty d

Df Py (ESDP), Mh 11, 2005, : h://www.u2005.u//tut/dut_

tv/2005/03/18df/dx.ht, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Mahony, Honor2013: Pt hf: th EU t d tt, : EUv., Juy 25,

2013, : uv.//118856, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Merikallio, Katri 2008: M : Ah d Ah, H: WS Bw Oy.

Meyer, Christoph 1999: P Ly d th Ivty f P: Ex th Eu U

Cu Dt, : Ju f C Mt Stud 37/4, 617-639.

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Pacta2010: M d Stty, : h://www.t./, tvd Ot 1, 2013.

Reman, Andrew 2010: EU ju H vty , : EUv., Juy 28,

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Schulze, Kirsten E. 2007: M Nt S I. Th Ah Mt M d L d

f th EU, : It Py Ay, h://y.f.d/df-/d/04786.df,

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Spokesperson of the Secretary General, High Representave for CFSP 2007: Suy f R t th

P y Jv S, EU Hh Rtv f th CFSP, t jt wth UN

Sty-G B K-, Bu, Juy 24, 2007, S022/07, : h://www.w-.

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dwd/2010_t_581_52-d--d.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.


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Th Kg-Frchrgru - Ecuragg Acadc Exchag ad

Itv Rarch

Th K-Fhu (KFG) w fud u-

hd y th G Rh Fud 2008. It t-

f th KFG t vd y u vt

whh vv h t dt wth y du ddt wth u f d ju h.

Th K-Fhu Th Tfv Pw f Eu

tth h Eu th B-Bd-

u d tuz th wth th uv-

d h tu. It x th f th EU -

t d t f d, yz th h d t

f t d xt du th h :

Idty d th Pu Sh

C, Cdty d Byd

Cv R d Eu Ext R

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