Mission 3

Life in the Colonies1609-1732

Separatist

• A Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church (p. 66)

Pilgrim

• A Separatist who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom. (p. 67)

pacifism

• Opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. (p. 75)

Cash Crop

• A crop grown primarily for profit (p. 85)

Plantation

• A large, commercial, agricultural estate (p. 85)

Indentured servant

• An individual who contracts to work for a colonist for a specified number of years in exchange for transportation to the colonies, food, clothing, and shelter. (p. 86)

Gentry

• Wealthy landowners in the South, also called the planter elite (p. 86)

Subsistence farming

• Farming only enough food to feed one’s family (p. 87)

Middle Passage

• The difficult journey slave endured in crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. (p. 89)

Slave code

• A set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people. (p. 90)

Town meeting

• A gathering of free men in a New England town to elect leaders which developed into the local town government. (p. 94)

selectmen

• Men chosen to manage a town’s affairs (p. 94)

Bill of exchange

• Credit slip given by English merchants to planters in exchange for sugar or other goods. (p. 95)

Triangular trade

• A three-way trade route that exchanged goods between the American colonies and two other trading partners (Africa, Europe, and West Indies) (p. 95)

Entrepreneur

• One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise (p. 97)

capitalist

• Person who invests wealth, particularly money, in a business (p. 97)

mercantilism

• The theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth (p. 98)

Natural rights

• Fundamental rights all people are born possessing, including the right to life, liberty, and property. (p. 102)

Enlightenment

• Movement during the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason. (p. 108)

Great Awakening

• Movement during the 1700s that stressed dependence on God. (p. 108)