MIS PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

Information system planningISP is the planning of information systems for

an organization. Information system planning is assessing the

information needs of an organization and defining the systems, databases and technologies that best satisfy those needs.

Planning and developmentPlanning of information systemA. Development of long range plans:It focuses efforts and resources on long-term, general

objectives and yet provides a foundation for short-term activities

Provides a framework for action. It involves thinking ahead and designing future

action

Cont……B. content of the MIS planFirst MIS is a major corporate asset

provides benefitsuses resources- Money

The planning process provides support for business objects

the planning process allocates resources based upon priorities

in THEORY the MIS plan should be aligned with the Corporate business strategy

Cont………C. MIS goals and objectives 1. it should provide online information on the

stock, market and the accounts balance. 2. the query processing should not exceed

more than three seconds. 3. the focus of the system will be on the end

user computing and access facilities.

A linkage between MIS & Business Plansthe MIS plan refers to the requirements of

the business planthe MIS plan is checked against the business

planthe corporate business plan states the

informational needsnon-MIS managers participate in the MIS

planning processMIS managers participate in the business

planning processCorporate and MIS calendars are in sink with

each other.

BUSINESS PLAN VERSUS MIS PLAN BUSINESS PLAN MIS PLAN

Business goals and objectives MIS goals, objectives consistent to business goals and objectives.

Business plan and strategy Information strategy for the business planImplementation playing a supportive role.

Strategy planning and decision Architecture of the management information system to support decision.

Management plan for execution and control.

System development schedule, matching the plan execution.

Operation plan for the execution Hardware and software plan for the procurement and the implementation.

The architecture of the MISThe architecture of the MIS plan provides a

system structure and their input, output and linkages.

Architectural approach is used for planning, analyzing, designing, and implementing applications within an enterprise.

The system development scheduleThis development schedule is to be weighed

against the time scale for achieving certain information requirement linked to a business plan. If these are not fully met, it is necessary to revise the time schedule and also the development schedule, whenever necessary.

For example: it is necessary to develop the accounting system first and then the analysis.

Hardware and software planThe selection of the architecture , the

approach to the information system development and the choice of the hardware and software are the strategic decisions in the design and development of the MIS in the organization.

Hardware/Software Alternatives• Hardware:– Use in-house hardware:• Personal computer system• Multiple-user computer system• Networked computer system– Use external hardware (outsource)• Software: – Develop custom software using in-house programmers – Have custom software developed by contract programmers (outsource software development – onshore or offshore) – Purchase packaged software – Purchase packaged software and modify – Use external software (outsources)

development of information system A. Development and implementation of the MIS. The development strategy determines where to begin and in

what sequence the development can take place with the sole objective of assuring the information support

B. Prototype approach Building a scaled-down working version of the system Advantages: Users are involved in design Captures requirements in concrete form

Cont……..C. Life cycle approach:The systems that can be developed in

systematic manner, and can be reviewed after a year or two, for significant modification if any...

cont………. D. Implementation: tow stepsConversiontrainingConversion: switching old system to new

Four basic strategies Parallel conversion: old system used with new system

at first Phased conversion: break IS into modules and

integrate one at a time Cut-over conversion: immediately replace all Pilot conversion: introduce in one business unit at a

time

Cont…….

SYSTEM ANALYSISIt traditionally involves a detailed study of:The information needs of the organization and its end-

users.The activities, resources, and products of any present

information systems.The information system capabilities required t meet the

information needs of users.System analysis of the activities: Analysis of the organizational environment Analysis of any present system, System requirements analysis System requirements.

SURVEY PHASEThe purpose of the survey phase is to

determine the worthiness of the project and to create a plan to complete those projects.

It includes:Survey problems, opportunities and

solutions,Negotiate project scopePlan the projectPresent the project

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

SDLSSystems development life cycle (SDLC)

Provides overall framework for managing systems development process

Two main approaches to SDLCPredictive approach – assumes project can be

planned out in advanceAdaptive approach – more flexible, assumes

project cannot be planned out in advanceAll projects use some variation of SDLC

Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) The SDLC is composed of 5 major Phases

Grouping of related activities

Three major activitiesAnalysis: understanding business needsDesign: conceptualizing computer-system

solutionImplementation: construction, testing, and

installationTwo additional phases

Project planningSupport

Iteration Across Life Cycle Phases

Work done once, then again

“Nobody gets it right the first time”

Iterations may be driven by:

Critical functionality Subsystems

Typically, most complex and risky parts of system dealt with first

SYSTEM ANALYSTSystems Analyst Key individuals in the systemsdevelopment processSkills of a Successful Systems Analyst Analytical Understanding of organizations Problem solving skills System thinking Ability to see organizations and information systems assystems Technical Understanding of potential and limitations of technologyManagement Ability to manage projects, resources, risk and change Interpersonal Effective written and oral communication skills

FEASIBILITY OF SYSTEMSFeasibility study begins when a problem is identified

by managers and users of MIS department. In this phase, the system analyst visits the MIS department and starts preliminary investigations

. The investigations mainly focuses on following question:

What are the major problems in the existing system? For example: management does not know the stock

position of various parts on time and the production process is considerably delayed due to out of stock positions of required parts.

Types of FeasibilityOrganizational feasibility– Does the IS provide the required support for

business operations and/or management Technical feasibility– Is it possible to develop the IS using existing

technology? Operational feasibility– Will the IS be accepted by users?Economic feasibility– Is the IS economically justified?– Do the benefits of the IS outweigh the costs over

the expected life of the system? (typically 3 to 7 years)

DATA FLOW DIGRAMData flow diagram (DFD): describes flow of

dataFour symbols

External entitiesProcessesData storesDirection of data flow

DFD CONT……..

DATA FLOW DIGRAMDFD symbols

External entities are external individuals and groups

Processes are events that change dataData store is resting dataData flow is direction that data moves

Simplicity of DFD is advantageDFD suitable for describing non-computer

based ISDFD cannot describe system completely

SYSTEM DESIGN system analysis describe what a system

should do to meet the information needs of users, the strategy specifies how the system will accomplish the objectives.

It consists of both logical and physical design activities.

1. Logical Design Concentrates on business aspects of the system2. Physical Design Technical specificationsSystems design: three steps

DescriptionConstructionTesting

SYSTEM DESIGN

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