Minoan Religion
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Transcript of Minoan Religion
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Minoan Religion
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Minoan Crete Map
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Cave of Eileithyia• MM cult
centers• Baetyl• Animal
Bones• Animal
Figurines
• Bronze artifacts
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Peak Shrines• Link to MM
protopalatial elites through artifacts
• Linear A, Kamares Ware
• Ash layer, no bones• Many figurines
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Tripartite Shrine
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Domestic Shrines• Town,
Palace, House
• Bench Sanctuary
• Lustral Baisin
• Pillar Crypt
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Snake Goddess/Priestess
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Goddess of the MountainGoddess of the Beasts
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Goddesses
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Minoan Pantheon
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The Male Consort
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Male Divinity?• Male figures rarer• Usually smaller
stature• Lesser Male
Divinity?• Rural Matriarchy?• Urban Patriarchy?
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Ayia Triadha Sarcophagus:LMIIIA (14thC)
Painted Plaster over Stone
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Celestial vs Chthonic Gods• “Chthon”
= earth
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Sacrifice
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Human Sacrifice• Anemospilia• Near Archanes &
Heraklion• Bound male on altar• 2 others killed in
room by earthquake• 1 killed in anteroom
with krater (of blood?)
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Child Sacrifice & Cannibalism? • Children’s
bones with butchering marks in North House, Knossos
• Caravaggio
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Child Sacrifice in Myth?
?
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Theseus & the Minotaur• Athenians send
human tribute to bull crazy Minoans
• Palace at Knossos like Labyrinth to simpler Mycenaean Greeks
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The Labyrinthine Palace• Note
dismembered bodies
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Hero Story• Miraculous Conception/Birth Aegeus/Poseidon• Hiding of/Threat to Child Troezen, with Aethra
Medea?• Society’s Desire for Change No more sacrifice!• Withdrawal & Initiation Ummmm• Resistance of Hero RoleUmmm• Search for Lost Father Trip to Athens• QuestKilling Minotaur• Magical Tools/Weapons Club, thread, sword• Impossible Adversaries Numerous• Journey to Underworld Rape of Persephone• Return (in Disguise) to Save Beloved Ummmm
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Early Exploits• Father’s Tokens• Heroic Journey• Periphetes’ Club• Crommyonian
Sow• Sinis & tree• Sciron’s turtle• Procrustes’ bed• Daughters?• Herculean hero
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Aegeus, Medea, & Theseus• Medea the
Colchian witch
• Murderer of brother & children by Jason
• Marathonian Bull
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Marathonian/Cretan Bull• Brought to
Greece as one of 12 labors of Herakles…
• Bull of Poseidon• Pasiphae & Bull• Minotaur’s
father!• Good
Credentials for facing Minotaur
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Revenge of Minos
• Androgeos at Panathenaic games
• Victorious Cretan murdered by envious Athenian athletes or by Aegeus
• Athenian compensation:• 7 boys & 7 girls every 9
years
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Cretan “Games”
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Theseus’ trip to Crete
• Theseus as 1 of 7 boys
• White Sails for Success
• Black/Red Sails for Failure (death of Theseus)
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Theseus’ edge: Inside Woman
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Victory!• Theseus slays
Minotaur• Theseus &
Ariadne sail off into the sunset…
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Homeymoon on Naxos
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Dionysus to the Rescue
• Dionysus finds Ariadne
• They drink happily ever after…
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Theseus sails home to celebrate victory…&
freedom• Aegeus watches
for beloved son• Ooops - black
sails• Aegeus leaps to
death• Oh well, Theseus
becomes king of Athens
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Theseus & Herakles: Fratboy Heroes
• Herakles’ 12 labors
• Girdle of Hippolyte
• Theseus & Pirithouscarry off Antiope/Hippolyte
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Amazon Invasion of Attica
• Amazons defeated, Antiope slain fighting beside Theseus• Amazonomachy artform comparable to contemporary
Miller Lite commercial “tastes great; less filling”
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Theseus, Phaedra & Hippolytus
• Child of Antiope• Stepmother
Phaedra• False accusation
of rape• Bull from
Poseidon causes death of Hipploytus in chariot crash
• Phaedra hangs herself
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More bad behavior• Theseus abducts
12 year old Helen
• Theseus & Pirithous go to underworld to abduct Persephone
• Trapped in Chair of Oblivion
• Rescued by Herakles
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Death of Theseus
• Helen rescued by her brothers, the Dioscuri: Castor and Polydeuces (Pollux)
• Theseus in exile• Murdered/fell of
a cliff