Minnesota: Understanding Buprestid Diversity and ... · •Large diversity of buprestids in...

Robbing the Smokey Winged Beetle Bandit Wasp in

Minnesota: Understanding Buprestid Diversity and

DistributionMarie J. Hallinen, Jennifer L. Schultz, Brian H. Aukema

Emerald ash borer (EAB)Agrilus planipennisFamily: Buprestidae

Herms and McCullough 2014, Minnesota DNR website

• Introduced to US from Asia on wood packing material




• EAB larvae feed on vascular tissue under the bark of Fraxinus spp.





• Tree mortality within 2-4 years





• Tree mortality within 2-4 years

• Discovered in Saint Paul in 2009: close to a billion ash trees at risk in MN



Detecting EAB at different densities

©http://newenglandphotos.blogspot.com

Cappaert et al. 2005, Marshall et al. 2010

Need to detect non-native species


Agrilus biguttatusOak splendor beetleHost: Quercus, Fagus, Castanea

Davis et al. 2005



Agrilus sulcicollisEuropean oak borerHost: Quercus

Davis et al. 2005, Jendek & Grebennikov 2009



Agrilus sulcicollisEuropean oak borerHost: Quercus

Phaenops cyanea Steelblue jewel beetleHost: Pinus, Picea

Davis et al. 2005, Jendek & Grebennikov 2009, Wermelinger et al. 2008

Another option: biosurveillance

Stephen MarshallUniversity of Guelph

Smokey winged beetle bandit waspCerceris fumipennisFamily: CrabronidaeSolitary ground-nesting hunting wasp

© 2006 Scott Nelson

Careless et al. 2009, Evans 1971, Nalepa et al. 2012

Life cycle of C. fumipennis in MN

Summer: adults emerge and mate. Females provision nest for one month

Larvae hatch and feed on beetles within underground cells

Winter and spring: overwinter underground within cocoon

© 2011 Steve Nanz

© http:\\abundantnature.com

Mueller et al. 1992

Wasp WatchersEstablished in MN in 2014

Jen Schultz, UMN Extension

1. What buprestid species are present in Minnesota?

2. Will buprestid diversity be higher at sites with more trees?

Accessible: ballfields only

Large: 10+ nests in previous season

Minnesota buprestid survey: site selection

C. fumipennis hunts EAB in MN

•Summer of 2017: detected at 2/10 sites, 16 EAB total

•Summer of 2018: detected at 6/10 sites, 105 EAB total

•Zumbro Park in Rochester: 61/62 beetles collected were EAB

1. What buprestid species are present in Minnesota?

2. Will buprestid diversity be higher at sites with more trees?

• We surveyed trees at 12 sites

Survey of trees around wasp nesting sites: summer 2018


• 200 m radius around nesting site: 200 m = conservative estimate of wasp hunting radius (Nalepa et al. 2013)



• 200 m radius around nesting site: 200 m = conservative estimate of wasp hunting radius (Nalepa et al. 2013)

• Recorded tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), and number of dead trees


Beetle diversity is higher at sites with more trees

y = 0.3485 log (x) - 1.6240R2 = 0.4553F1,10 = 10.19, P = 0.0096

Beetle diversity is higher at sites with higher basal area (m2) dead trees

y = 0.3356 log (x+1) + 0.3492R2 = 0.6334F1,10 = 20.0, P = 0.0012

Summary

Summary• Large diversity of buprestids in

Minnesota


Minnesota

•Agrilus is genus most commonly caught by C. fumipennis, indicating it may detect non-native pest species


Minnesota


•C. fumipennis can detect EAB in new areas


Minnesota


•C. fumipennis can detect EAB in new areas

• Buprestid diversity is higher at sites with more trees and greater basal area of dead trees

Future Directions

•Look at relationships between tree canopy and presence/absence of buprestid species

•Create a buprestid checklist using wasp survey results and museum records

ReferencesAukema, J.E., McCullough, D.G., Von Holle, B., Liebhold, A.M., Britton, K. and Frankel, S.J., 2010. Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental

United States. BioScience, 60(11), pp.886-897.

Cappaert, D., D. G. McCullough, T. M. Poland, and N. W. Siegert. 2005. Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. Am. Entomol. 51: 152-165.

Careless, P., 2009. 2009 Cerceris fumipennis Project Report.

Careless, P., 2010. 2010 Cerceris fumipennis Project Report.

Careless et al. 2014."The use of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) for surveying and monitoring emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations in eastern North America." The Canadian Entomologist 146.1: 90-105.

Davis, E.E., French, S. and Venette, R.C., 2005. Mini risk assessment metallic beetle: Agrilus biguttatus Fabricius [Coleoptera: Buprestidae]. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, p.21.

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB). c2018. Minnesota DNR; accessed Feb 24, 2018. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/terrestrialanimals/eab/index.html

Evans, H.E., 1971. Observations on the nesting behavior of wasps of the tribe Cercerini. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, pp.500-523.

Herms, D. A., and D. G. McCullough. 2014. Emerald ash borer invasion of North America: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 59: 13-30

Jendek, E. and Grebennikov, V.V., 2009. Agrilus sulcicollis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new alien species in North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 141(3), pp.236-245.

Kurczewski, F.E. and Miller, R.C., 1984. Observations on the nesting of three species of Cerceris (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Florida Entomologist, pp.146-155.

Magurran, A.E. and McGill, B.J. eds., 2011. Biological diversity: frontiers in measurement and assessment. Oxford University Press.

Marshall, S.A., Paiero, S.M. and Buck, M., 2005. Buprestid sampling at nests of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in southern Ontario: the first Canadian records of three buprestids (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 137(4), pp.416-419.

Marshall, J.M., Storer, A.J., Fraser, I. and Mastro, V.C., 2010. Efficacy of trap and lure types for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) at low density. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134(4), pp.296-302

Mueller, U.G., Warneke, A.F., Grafe, T.U. and Ode, P.R., 1992. Female size and nest defense in the digger wasp Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Philanthinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, pp.44-52.

Nalepa, C.A., Swink, W.G., Merten, P. and Moan, J.E., 2013. Conservative estimates of hunting distance in Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Journal of entomological science, 48(4), pp.299-305.

Rutledge et al. 2013. First detection of Agrilus planipennis in Connecticut made by monitoring Cerceris fumipennis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 32: 75–81.

Simpson, E.H., 1949. Measurement of diversity. nature, 163(4148), p.688.

Swink, W.G., Nalepa, C.A. and Basham, J.P., 2015. Agrilus subrobustus Saunders (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) first detected in North Carolina as prey of the wasp, Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Coleopterists Bulletin, 69, p.274.

Wermelinger, B., Rigling, A., Schneider Mathis, D. and Dobbertin, M., 2008. Assessing the role of bark‐and wood‐boring insects in the decline of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Swiss Rhone valley. Ecological Entomology, 33(2), pp.239-249.

http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/terrestrialanimals/eab/index.html

Acknowledgements Committee Members: Dr. Brian Aukema, Dr. Rob Venette, Dr. Ingrid Schneider

Jen Schultz, UMN Extension

Lab techs: Mara Short, Tenzin Dothar, Kristine Jecha, Piper Haynes, Bade Turgut, Elgin Lee, Joe Ure

Aukema Forest Entomology Lab

Wasp Watcher Volunteers

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