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Minnesota First Detectors Thousand Cankers Disease What is it? Where is it? Why do we care? What...
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Transcript of Minnesota First Detectors Thousand Cankers Disease What is it? Where is it? Why do we care? What...
Minnesota First Detectors
Thousand Cankers Disease
What is it?
Where is it?
Why do we care?
What should we be do about it now?
Kathleen Alexander, Boulder, CO
Minnesota First Detectors
Thousand Cankers Disease
What is it? A disease of some walnut trees that is caused by an insect and a fungus
Where is it? In western and southwestern areas of the United States
Why do we care? Because if it spreads eastward, it may threaten native eastern black walnut in several states
What should we do about it now? Be aware -
recently discovered, still many unanswered questions
Minnesota First Detectors
Juglans susceptibility - Tentative
Least Moderate Very
Arizona walnut (Juglans major)
Northern California black walnut
(J. hindsii)Eastern black walnut
(Juglans nigra) Little walnut (Juglans microcarpa)
California black walnut (Juglans californica)
English walnut (Juglans regia)
???
Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
???
Thousand Cankers Disease: What is it?
Two occur in Minnesota – J. cinerea, J. nigra
A disease of some walnut trees (Juglans species)
Minnesota First Detectors
….. caused by a tiny insect that feeds and tunnels in the inner bark of the trunk and branches
Walnut twig beetlePityophthorus juglandis
Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Tunneling
Entry / exit holes
W. Cranshaw , Colorado State Univ. www.forestryimages.org
Thousand Cankers Disease: What is it?
Minnesota First Detectors
The walnut twig beetle introduces a fungus -
Geosmithia morbida
that kills the bark and phloem, causing a canker
Ned Tisserat, Colorado State University
Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Jim LaBonte, OR Dept. Agric.
“Canker: A visible dead area, usually of limited extent, in
the cortex or bark of a plant.”(Tainter & Baker, 1996)
Thousand Cankers Disease: What is it?
Minnesota First Detectors
Cankers coalesce, eventually girdling and killing the branch or trunk
Ned Tisserat, Colorado State University
Thousand Cankers Disease: What is it?
Minnesota First Detectors
Yellowing & wilting foliage, followed by branch dieback & death may occur in susceptible species
Kathleen Alexander , City Forester, Boulder, CO Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University
Thousand Cankers Disease: What is it?
Minnesota First Detectors
2010
Thousand Cankers Disease: Where is it?
States in red & Tennessee
Original host, Arizona walnut Juglans major
Confirmed July 2010
Minnesota First Detectors
Black walnut dieback for 2+ years.
TCD confirmed July 2010. TCD confirmed in 4
counties. Surveys initiated in
neighboring states.
Urban settings news.tennesseeanytime.org/node/5926
1st report in native range
Knoxville, TNSource: M. Mielke NCFPW 2010
Thousand Cankers Disease: Where is it?
KY
NC
GA
VAMO
MS AL
Minnesota First Detectors
…because it threatens eastern black walnut in its native range & there is no control
Thousand Cankers Disease: Why do we care?
Minnesota First Detectors
MissouriIowa
WisconsinMinnesota
0
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000No. Black Walnut Trees > 1” dbh on Forestland
18.5 million
41.9 million
18.5 million
41.9 million
100.9 million
Miles, P.D. Fri. Nov 05 19:16:48 CDT 2010 Forest In-ventory EVALIDator web-ap-plication version 4.01 beta.
……. black walnut in urban landscapes?
5.9 million
Thousand Cankers Disease: Why do we care?
Minnesota First Detectors
United States 1.9% total hardwoods available commercially net volume growing stock valued at > $500 billion exports to 67 countries annual average value of export is $325 million
Minnesota 1-2 million board feet harvested annually 0.1% of volume of all wood harvested $3 million = 5% of $60 million total stumpage value
for all wood harvested
Thousand Cankers Disease: Why do we care?Impacts on wood products industries
Minnesota First Detectors
Ecologic Harder to measure Nuts as food for wildlife – squirrels,
beavers, red-bellied woodpeckers Important species of riparian corridors Bark used for medicine, dye
Social Culture around walnuts for food
Thousand Cankers Disease: Why do we care?Other impacts
Minnesota First Detectors
National Response Framework for Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) on Walnut
Prepared by:TCD-Technical Working Group
To coordinate response among government, non-government & private stakeholders
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?
Minnesota First Detectors
Pathway Estimated approach rate USDA APHIS Pathway Assessment 2009
Timber Low: Production low in west; little shipped from west to east
Firewood Low to moderate: Firewood distributors, long distance campers
Wood packing material (WPM)
Low to moderate: WPM with most domestically shipped commodities, 1.2 billion pallets in circulation
Nursery stock Low: No reports of infested nursery stock
Scion wood Low: Revised breeding programs in west to prevent spread
Natural spread Low: Walnut twig beetle flies 1-2 miles; carried by wind
Minimize introduction risk potential pathways?
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?PREVENTION
Minnesota First Detectors
Regulation
Outreach
Early detection
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?
Tools for prevention
Minnesota First Detectors
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?
Who regulates? Infested western states? No
APHIS?
Not at this time
Eastern states?
Yes
Regulation
Minnesota First Detectors
Source: E.Borchardt, MN Dept. Agric.
Exterior quarantines
Exterior quarantines
Interior quarantine
Thousand Cankers Disease: Regulation
State Quarantines
?
Minnesota First Detectors
Newsletter articles, websites Telephone, email, visits
Presentations First Detector networkPartner organizationsMill ownersLoggers LandownersTree care companiesNurseries
Photos courtesy of Mike Greenheck, Forest Field Day , Gorman Creek Farm, Kellogg, MN, October 2010
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?
Outreach
Minnesota First Detectors
TCD tree takedown workshops
First detector training
Visual surveys & sampling from suspect trees
Site solicitation efforts
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?
Early Detection
Minnesota First Detectors
Early Detection: Does your black walnut have TCD?
Early symptoms (late June to late August)
Area of thinning crownYellow or wilting leaves
Leaves smaller than healthy leaves
Attached brown leaves
Minnesota First Detectors
Rapid wilting
Early Detection: Does your black walnut have TCD?
Actively declining crown symptoms
Little live crown on trees affected previous season
Limbs die in 1 season
Cankers on branch below wilting foliage
Minnesota First Detectors
Early Detection: Does your black walnut have TCD?
Late symptomsMany tiny holes on branches >1.5 inches
Galleries and meandering tunnels
Large dead areas on branches & stems
Small cankers in inner bark if scrape away outer bark
Minnesota First Detectors
Early Detection: Does your black walnut have TCD?
What else may be confused with Thousand Cankers Disease?
Anthracnose
Fusarium cankers -similar decline Other beetles
Hail injury, storm damage
Squirrel girdling of branches
Nectria cankers
Minnesota First Detectors
POTENTIAL TREES FOR 2010 THOUSAND CANKERS DISEASE TARGETED SURVEY (Minnesota)
Dieback in Black Walnut Observed between mid-June and late August 2010
Please return by mail, email or fax to one of the following locations: Jennifer Juzwik / Mike Ostry/Paul Castillo Kathy KromroyUSDA Forest Service, 1561 Lindig St. Minnesota Dept. of Agric., Plant Protection DivisionSt. Paul, MN 55108 625 Robert Street North, St. Paul, MN 55155-2538E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] [email protected] Facsimile: (651) 649-5040 Facsimile: (651) 201-6108Telephone: (651) 649-5114 (JJ) and (651) 649-5113 (MO) Telephone: (651) 201-6343
ORPlease enter information on-line using the US Forest Service, NA S&PF “survey monkey” at: http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/thousandcankers
SUBMITTER’s CONTACT INFORMATION: Date of submission:
LANDOWNER OR LAND MANAGER INFORMATION:
JUGLANDACEAE INFORMATION: Please fill in the section with as much information as you haveDESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION
Thousand Cankers Disease: What should we do?
Targeted survey for thousand cankers disease of walnut in Minnesota: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the Minnesota
Department of Agriculture
Minnesota First Detectors
Acknowledgements
Jenny Juzwik, Mike Ostry, Paul Castillo. USFS Northern Research Station
Manfred Mielke. USFS State & Private Forestry
Keith Jacobsen, Lance Sorenson, Don Deckard, MN DNR
Mike Greenheck, grower, Gorman Creek Farms, Kellogg MN
Mel Baughman, Angie Gupta, UM Extension