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Transcript of Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia1 SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIAL COHESION IN LATVIA The...
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 1
SOME ASPECTS OFSOME ASPECTS OFSOCIAL COHESIONSOCIAL COHESION I IN LATVIAN LATVIA
The problems of ethnic minorities – a myth or reality?The problems of ethnic minorities – a myth or reality?
Jolanta SupeDeputy Head, Statistical Methodology and Organisation Division
Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
tel: +371 73 666 29
e-mail: [email protected]
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 2
STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATIONSTRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION
• Introduction
• Ethnic composition
• Education
• Employment
• Mass media
• Conclusions
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia - introduction 3
WHERE WE WHERE WE ARE …ARE …
ESTONIA
LITHUANIA
BELORUSSIA
RUSSIA
POLAND
LATVIALATVIA
MINNEAPOLISMINNEAPOLIS
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 4
… … HOW WE LOOK LIKE …HOW WE LOOK LIKE …
RIGARIGARIGARIGA
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 5
… … IN COMPARISON …IN COMPARISON …
AREA (thsd kmAREA (thsd km22)) POPULATION 2000 (mln)POPULATION 2000 (mln)
M = 4.9 M = 4.9 M = 225.2 M = 225.2
Latvia
L = 64.4 L = 64.4 L = 2.3 L = 2.3
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 6
ETHNICETHNIC COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION
dynamicsdynamics
7752 59
934 29
14 14 13
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1935 1989 2004
others
Russians
Latvians
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 7
ETHNIC COMPOSITIONETHNIC COMPOSITION1 January 20041 January 2004
59
29
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Other
Jews
Lithuanians
Poles
Ukrainians
Belarussians
Russians
Latvians
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 8
CITIZENSHIP – by nationalityCITIZENSHIP – by nationality
78
100
65
58
53
49
29
18
47
29
32
30
43
48
69
76
40
70
21
13
2
12
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Total
LATVIANS
POLES
JEWS
ESTONIANS
LITHUANIANS
RUSSIANS
BELARUSSIANS
UKRAINIANS
Other
citizens non-citizens foreigners etc.
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 9
CITIZENSHIP - structureCITIZENSHIP - structure
75
18
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
CITIZENS
Latvians
Russians
Others: Poles, Belarussians, Lithuanians, Ukrainians etc.
9
67
13
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NON-CITIZENS
Russians
Belarussians
Ukrainians
Others: Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians etc.
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 10
EDUCATION – EDUCATION – establishmentsestablishments by by language of instruction, 2002/03language of instruction, 2002/03
72
1217
2011
68
0.50.4
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Preschoolestablishments
Generalschools
other
Latvian /Russian
Russian
Latvian
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 11
EDUCATION – EDUCATION – enrollmentenrollment by by language of instruction, 2002/03language of instruction, 2002/03
7088
22 3010
74
5 0.4 2
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Preschoolestablishments
General fulltimeschools
Highereducation
institutions andcolleges
other
Russian
Latvian
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 12
EDUCATION – different dimensionsEDUCATION – different dimensions
Higher education institution enrolment by language of instruction 2002/03
88
55
10
98
44
2.11.8 0.6
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Total highereducation
institutions
StateInstitutions
Institutionsestablished bylegal persons
English
Russian
Latvian
Preschool establishment enrolment by language of
instruction on September 1, 2002 65
90
1114
23 288
57
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total Urbanlocalities
Rurallocalities
Latvian /Russian
Russian
Latvian
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 13
EDUCATION – the reformEDUCATION – the reform
… starting on 1 September 2004 the language of instruction beginning with the 10th grade or 1st year at central and local government general/vocational secondary education institutions that provide study programs for ethnic minorities will be the official state language for not less than three fifths of the total taught time per school year including foreign languages. Nevertheless the study programs relating to the language of ethnic minority, its identity and culture will be conducted in the language of this minority …
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 14
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Legislators, managers and senior officials
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals
Clerks
Service workers and shop and market sales workers
Skilled agriculture and fishery workers
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
Elemetary occupations
Latvians
NonLatvians
EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT by occupation and nationalityby occupation and nationality
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 15
0
5
10
15
20
25
A+
B
C+
D+
E F G H I J K L M N
O+
P
Latvians NonLatvians
EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENTby kinds of activity (NACE Rev. 1.1)by kinds of activity (NACE Rev. 1.1)
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 16
MASS MEDIA - TVMASS MEDIA - TV
259
250
0.30
50
100
150
200
250
300
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Russian Latvian other
Length of TV programs(1996 = 100)
Structure of TV programsby language
7082
14
18 15
0.02
0%
10%
20%30%
40%
50%
60%
70%80%
90%
100%
19962002
otherRussianLatvian
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 17
MASS MEDIA - RADIOMASS MEDIA - RADIO
Length of radio programs(1996 = 100)
287
188
612
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
RussianLatvian
other
Structure of radio programsby language
90.584.5
8.311.8
3.7 1.2
0%
10%20%
30%
40%
50%60%
70%
80%90%
100%
19962002
otherRussianLatvian
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 18
MASS MEDIA - PRESSMASS MEDIA - PRESS
• Analyses of 6 major newspapers (3 Latvian + 3 Russian)
• Articles about Bilingual education
Minorities’ languages
Politics towards minorities
Civic involvement
56% 44%
49%51%
LatvianRussian
VOLUME of articles
NUMBER of articles
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 19
MASS MEDIA – PRESSMASS MEDIA – PRESS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1stpage
2ndpage
3rdpage
4thpage
5thpage
6thpage
7thpage
8thpage
9thpage
10thpage
Latvian newspapers
Russian newspapers
Placement of articlesPlacement of articles
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 20
MASS MEDIA – PRESSMASS MEDIA – PRESS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
LV-1 LV-2 LV-3 RU-1 RU-2 RU-3
Bilingualeducation
Language
Ethnicminorities
Civicinvolvement
Number of articles on specified topicsNumber of articles on specified topics
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 21
CONCLUSIONS - educationCONCLUSIONS - education
• Reform regulates only state schools
• 77% minorities’ schools are ready
65
17 26
11 9
72
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Enrollment in General schools
Children 5-19
other
Latvian / Russian
Russian
Latvian
• Enrollment ~ ethnic composition
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 22
0
5
10
15
20
25
A+B L C+D+E I
Latvians NonLatvians
CONCLUSIONS – employment (%)CONCLUSIONS – employment (%)
A+B … Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishingL … Public administration and defence & compulsory social security
2.1
2.9
1.5
1.7
Industry & energetics …C+D+ETransport, storage & communications … I
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 23
CONCLUSIONS – mass mediaCONCLUSIONS – mass media
• TV hard restrictions to 2 public TV canals
but new programs for ethnic minorities
• Radio restrictions to organisations not canals
broadcasting in Russian and other languages has significantly increased
• Press - no obstacles
Minneapolis, May 2004 Ethnic minorities in Latvia 24
!!! Many different aspects to look at
In general, all seems OK !!!
Thank you for attention!
Any questions?