MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

„ „ ERA – Challenges of accession countries”ERA – Challenges of accession countries”„ „ ERA – Challenges of accession countries”ERA – Challenges of accession countries”

Jan Krzysztof FRJan Krzysztof FRĄĄCKOWIAKCKOWIAKJan Krzysztof FRJan Krzysztof FRĄĄCKOWIAKCKOWIAK

Ministry Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technologyof Scientific Research and Information Technology

PolandPoland

Ministry Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technologyof Scientific Research and Information Technology

PolandPoland

Sopron/Eisenstadt, 30-31 October, 2003Sopron/Eisenstadt, 30-31 October, 2003

Undersecretary of StateUndersecretary of StateUndersecretary of StateUndersecretary of State


Data for the „10” Data for the „10” as percentage of data for the „15”as percentage of data for the „15”

Data for the „10” Data for the „10” as percentage of data for the „15”as percentage of data for the „15”

7575 377377 19.919.9

755.5755.5 85258525 8.98.9

11.311.3 26.326.3 43.043.0

5.745.74 165.4165.4 3.53.5

250 000250 000 1 620 0001 620 000 15.415.4

98 69398 693 1 317 6781 317 678 7.57.5

Population (million)Population (million)

GDP (Purchasing Power Standard)[GDP (Purchasing Power Standard)[€€ billion] billion]

Internet users/100 inhabitantsInternet users/100 inhabitants

Expenditure on research (absolute)[Expenditure on research (absolute)[€€ billion] billion]

Number of researchersNumber of researchers

Number of scientific publicationsNumber of scientific publications

„„10”10” „„15”15” %%

Source: EUROSTAT Year Book Source: EUROSTAT Year Book 20022002

BulgariaBulgaria

CyprusCyprus

Czech Rep.Czech Rep.

EstoniaEstonia

LatviaLatvia

LithuaniaLithuania

RomaniaRomania

Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.

SloveniaSlovenia

HungaryHungary

PolandPoland

EU-15EU-15

R&D R&D IntensityIntensity

(GERD/GDP)%(GERD/GDP)%

GERDGERD

TotalTotalMio ecuMio ecu

Financed byFinanced byGovernment %Government %

Financed byFinanced byBusiness %Business %

0.570.570.570.57

0.250.250.250.25

1.241.241.241.24

0.750.750.750.75

0.690.690.690.69

0.410.410.410.41

0.600.600.600.60

0.750.750.750.75

0.400.400.400.40

0.660.660.660.66

1.511.511.511.51

1.931.931.931.93

69696969

164 288164 288164 288164 288

21212121

641641641641

37373737

309309309309

26262626

73737373

1 0861 0861 0861 086

134134134134

126126126126

284284284284

69.769.769.769.7

68.568.568.568.5

42.642.642.642.6

64.864.864.864.8

53.253.253.253.2

55.655.655.655.6

58.558.558.558.5

46.746.746.746.7

47.947.947.947.9

36.836.836.836.8

34.234.234.234.2

22.822.822.822.8

17.417.417.417.4

52.652.652.652.6

24.224.224.224.2

38.538.538.538.5

15.715.715.715.7

38.138.138.138.1

50.250.250.250.2

49.949.949.949.9

56.956.956.956.9

56.356.356.356.3

RR&&D investment in Candidate D investment in Candidate Countries, 1999Countries, 1999

RR&&D investment in Candidate D investment in Candidate Countries, 1999Countries, 1999


Source: Source: Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2002, EC 2002, EC

Human resourcesHuman resources in R in R&&D in Candidate Countries, 1999D in Candidate Countries, 1999

Human resourcesHuman resources in R in R&&D in Candidate Countries, 1999D in Candidate Countries, 1999

10 58010 58010 58010 580

278278278278

13 53513 53513 53513 535

3002300230023002

12 57912 57912 57912 579

2 6262 6262 6262 626

7 7777 7777 7777 777

56 44356 44356 44356 443

23 47323 47323 47323 473

9 2049 2049 2049 204

4 4274 4274 4274 427

919 796919 796919 796919 796

11.811.811.811.8

23.123.123.123.1

42.942.942.942.9

12.612.612.612.6

25.925.925.925.9

7.37.37.37.3

3.73.73.73.7

18.318.318.318.3

65.865.865.865.8

27.427.427.427.4

34.834.834.834.8

50.050.050.050.0

20.920.920.920.9

42.742.742.742.7

25.025.025.025.0

66.366.366.366.3

37.937.937.937.9

64.164.164.164.1

63.463.463.463.4

62.562.562.562.5

9.99.99.99.9

46.246.246.246.2

29.529.529.529.5

34.334.334.334.3

66.766.766.766.7

29.729.729.729.7

31.631.631.631.6

20.720.720.720.7

36.236.236.236.2

28.628.628.628.6

32.932.932.932.9

19.219.219.219.2

24.324.324.324.3

26.426.426.426.4

34.134.134.134.1

14.214.214.214.2

BulgariaBulgaria

CyprusCyprus

Czech Rep.Czech Rep.

EstoniaEstonia

LatviaLatvia

LithuaniaLithuania

RomaniaRomania

Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.

SloveniaSlovenia

HungaryHungary

PolandPoland

EU-15EU-15

Researchers by sectorResearchers by sector

TotalTotal(full-time equvivalent)(full-time equvivalent)

BusinessBusinesssector %sector %

HigherHighereducation %education %

GovernmentGovernmentsector %sector %


Source: Source: Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2002, EC 2002, EC

Scientific, technological and Scientific, technological and economic performance of Candidate economic performance of Candidate

CountriesCountries

Scientific, technological and Scientific, technological and economic performance of Candidate economic performance of Candidate

CountriesCountries

BulgariaBulgariaBulgariaBulgaria

CyprusCyprusCyprusCyprus

Czech Rep.Czech Rep.Czech Rep.Czech Rep.

EstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstonia

LatviaLatviaLatviaLatvia

LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania

RomaniaRomaniaRomaniaRomania

Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.

SloveniaSloveniaSloveniaSlovenia

HungaryHungaryHungaryHungary

PolandPolandPolandPoland

EU-15EU-15EU-15EU-15

MaltaMaltaMaltaMalta

Publication (3)Publication (3)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation

19991999

Publication (3)Publication (3)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation

19991999

185185185185

577577577577

170170170170

352352352352

330330330330

370370370370

143143143143

127127127127

67676767

221221221221

70707070

293293293293

755755755755

GDP (1)GDP (1)per capitaper capita

20012001

GDP (1)GDP (1)per capitaper capita

20012001

6 5106 5106 5106 510

18 46018 46018 46018 460

13 28013 28013 28013 280

9 8209 8209 8209 820

11 88011 88011 88011 880

7 7107 7107 7107 710

8 7308 7308 7308 730

::::

9 2109 2109 2109 210

5 8605 8605 8605 860

11 06011 06011 06011 060

15 97015 97015 97015 970

23 20023 20023 20023 200 88

AverageAverageannual growthannual growth

of GDP %of GDP %1995-20001995-2000

AverageAverageannual growthannual growth

of GDP %of GDP %1995-20001995-2000

-0.83-0.83-0.83-0.83

4.344.344.344.34

3.783.783.783.78

1.221.221.221.22

4.904.904.904.90

4.024.024.024.02

5.285.285.285.28

3.333.333.333.33

4.374.374.374.37

5.145.145.145.14

-1.33-1.33-1.33-1.33

3.783.783.783.78

2.632.632.632.63

Patents (2)Patents (2)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation

19991999

Patents (2)Patents (2)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation

19991999

3333

7777

10101010

2222

12121212

3333

5555

1111

1111

::::

22222222

126126126126

1111

55

High-tech (4)High-tech (4)exports, as %exports, as %

exportsexports20002000

High-tech (4)High-tech (4)exports, as %exports, as %

exportsexports20002000

2.32.32.32.3

2.72.72.72.7

7.87.87.87.8

21.721.721.721.7

22.922.922.922.9

2.22.22.22.2

64.464.464.464.4

2.12.12.12.1

4.54.54.54.5

4.14.14.14.1

3.73.73.73.7

19.719.719.719.7

2.72.72.72.7

66

77

77

77

99

(1) in PPS at current prices, (8) Estimate(1) in PPS at current prices, (8) Estimate(2) European patents, (5) Czech Republic and Slovakia could not separated in the data(2) European patents, (5) Czech Republic and Slovakia could not separated in the data(3) Publications from 11 fields: agriculture and food science, basic life science, biological science, biomedical(3) Publications from 11 fields: agriculture and food science, basic life science, biological science, biomedicalscience and pharmacology, chemistry, clinical medicine and health sciences, computer sciences, earth andscience and pharmacology, chemistry, clinical medicine and health sciences, computer sciences, earth andenvironmental sciences, engineering sciences, mathematics and statistic, physics and astronomyenvironmental sciences, engineering sciences, mathematics and statistic, physics and astronomy

(4) High tech fields: aerospace, computers & office machinery, electronics, instruments, pharmaceuticals,(4) High tech fields: aerospace, computers & office machinery, electronics, instruments, pharmaceuticals,Electrical machinery, chemicals, non electrical machinery, armement; (6) 1997; (7) 1999; (9) Extra-EU tradeElectrical machinery, chemicals, non electrical machinery, armement; (6) 1997; (7) 1999; (9) Extra-EU trade



Building of ERA serves well integration processes Building of ERA serves well integration processes in Rin R&&D sectors of the Candidate Countries.D sectors of the Candidate Countries.

Building of ERA serves well integration processes Building of ERA serves well integration processes in Rin R&&D sectors of the Candidate Countries.D sectors of the Candidate Countries.

Important, expected effects of Important, expected effects of enlargement of theenlargement of the “ “European Union European Union Research Area”:Research Area”:

Important, expected effects of Important, expected effects of enlargement of theenlargement of the “ “European Union European Union Research Area”:Research Area”:

better cohesion and coordination of national S&T policiesbetter cohesion and coordination of national S&T policies;; better cohesion and coordination of national S&T policiesbetter cohesion and coordination of national S&T policies;;

intensification of researchers exchange between the CCsintensification of researchers exchange between the CCs and the EU Member Statesand the EU Member States;;

intensification of researchers exchange between the CCsintensification of researchers exchange between the CCs and the EU Member Statesand the EU Member States;;

better, more effective use of R&D human potential better, more effective use of R&D human potential and infrastructureand infrastructure;;

better, more effective use of R&D human potential better, more effective use of R&D human potential and infrastructureand infrastructure;;

levelling up of the information infrastructure levelslevelling up of the information infrastructure levels;; levelling up of the information infrastructure levelslevelling up of the information infrastructure levels;;

facilitating access to different sources offacilitating access to different sources of R&D fundingR&D funding;; facilitating access to different sources offacilitating access to different sources of R&D fundingR&D funding;;


Participation of CCs in EU Framework Participation of CCs in EU Framework Programmes for Research, Programmes for Research,

Technological Development and Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FPs) Demonstration Activities (FPs) involves them in ERA buildinginvolves them in ERA building

Participation of CCs in EU Framework Participation of CCs in EU Framework Programmes for Research, Programmes for Research,

Technological Development and Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FPs) Demonstration Activities (FPs) involves them in ERA buildinginvolves them in ERA building

Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of ERA attractive force for all participants, ERA attractive force for all participants,

Member States and Candidate Member States and Candidate CountriesCountries

Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of ERA attractive force for all participants, ERA attractive force for all participants,

Member States and Candidate Member States and Candidate CountriesCountries


Candidate Candidate Countries:Countries: Candidate Candidate Countries:Countries:

the level of research development is higher the level of research development is higher than that of economythan that of economy;;

the level of research development is higher the level of research development is higher than that of economythan that of economy;;

the level of basic research is higher than that of applied the level of basic research is higher than that of applied research and development worksresearch and development works;;

the level of basic research is higher than that of applied the level of basic research is higher than that of applied research and development worksresearch and development works;;

the thematic structure of R&D is still affected the thematic structure of R&D is still affected by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990;;

the thematic structure of R&D is still affected the thematic structure of R&D is still affected by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990;;

the level of R&D financing is very lowthe level of R&D financing is very low;; the level of R&D financing is very lowthe level of R&D financing is very low;;


New goals/instruments of SNew goals/instruments of S&&T policy T policy in the CCs:in the CCs: New goals/instruments of SNew goals/instruments of S&&T policy T policy in the CCs:in the CCs:

stronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectorsstronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectors;; stronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectorsstronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectors;;

modernizing R&D profile (more technological output)modernizing R&D profile (more technological output) and prioritiesand priorities;;

modernizing R&D profile (more technological output)modernizing R&D profile (more technological output) and prioritiesand priorities;;

promotion of the knowledge based economypromotion of the knowledge based economy;; promotion of the knowledge based economypromotion of the knowledge based economy;;

promoting educational role of science, promoting educational role of science, grows of R&D in higher education institutionsgrows of R&D in higher education institutions;;

promoting educational role of science, promoting educational role of science, grows of R&D in higher education institutionsgrows of R&D in higher education institutions;;

promotion of young researcher’s national promotion of young researcher’s national and European careersand European careers;;

promotion of young researcher’s national promotion of young researcher’s national and European careersand European careers;;

more competitive approach to R&D fundingmore competitive approach to R&D funding;; more competitive approach to R&D fundingmore competitive approach to R&D funding;;

networking, establishing centers of excellence, networking, establishing centers of excellence, concentration of resourcesconcentration of resources;;

networking, establishing centers of excellence, networking, establishing centers of excellence, concentration of resourcesconcentration of resources;;


Scientific and innovation-oriented Scientific and innovation-oriented collaboration between “new” and “old” collaboration between “new” and “old”

member states requires more member states requires more encouragementencouragement

Scientific and innovation-oriented Scientific and innovation-oriented collaboration between “new” and “old” collaboration between “new” and “old”

member states requires more member states requires more encouragementencouragement Exchanging and implementing the best Exchanging and implementing the best

practices in Rpractices in R&&D sector will help D sector will help integration process integration process

Exchanging and implementing the best Exchanging and implementing the best practices in Rpractices in R&&D sector will help D sector will help

integration process integration process ““Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona objectives” an enormous and difficult objectives” an enormous and difficult

challenge for CCschallenge for CCs

““Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona objectives” an enormous and difficult objectives” an enormous and difficult

challenge for CCschallenge for CCs Future is more friendly for optimistsFuture is more friendly for optimists Future is more friendly for optimistsFuture is more friendly for optimists

0,00,0

0,20,2

0,40,4

0,60,6

0,80,8

1,01,0

1,21,2

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

[%

[% o

f G

DP

of

GD

P]]

11..0808

00..8787 00..868600..9090

00..7474 00..787800..7474 00..7373 00..7474

00..686800..7373

00..6666 00..6565

00..7575

00..646400..5757 00..5555

00..464600..4747 00..4646 00..4343 00..4444 00..4242 00..424200..3535 00..3535

00..222200..2929

00..353500..2828 00..3030 00..2727 00..3030 00..3030

00..262600..3030 00..3030 00..303000..3232

TotalTotal

Non-budgetary expenditureNon-budgetary expenditure Budgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditure

GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-20032003

GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-20032003

(source – (source – Central Statistical OfficeCentral Statistical Office))



Source: Ministry of National EducationSource: Ministry of National Education & & SportSport

NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTSSTUDENTS

(in thousands)(in thousands)

NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTSSTUDENTS


00200200400400600600800800

100010001200120014001400160016001800180020002000

19951995 19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000 20012001 20022002 20020033

845845 90690610771077

1231123113971397 14311431..99

15841584..8817181718..77

11800.5800.5


NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATESGRADUATES


NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATESGRADUATES


00

5050

100100

150150

200200

250250

300300

19911991 19931993 19951995 19971997 1999199919919922 19919944 19919966 19919988 20002000 2001/22001/2


5959 6161..446464..227070..338989

115115..99

146146..33174174..88

209209..88

261261..11

342.1342.1


00

50005000

1000010000

1500015000

2000020000

2500025000

3000030000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

NUMBER OF PH.NUMBER OF PH. DD.. STUDENTSSTUDENTS

NUMBER OF PH.NUMBER OF PH. DD.. STUDENTSSTUDENTS


957795771123711237

1532115321

1877418774

2223922239

25622256222283458345

3107231072


NUMBER NUMBER OF AWARDEDOF AWARDED DOCTORALDOCTORAL

DEGREESDEGREES

NUMBER NUMBER OF AWARDEDOF AWARDED DOCTORALDOCTORAL

DEGREESDEGREES

00

500500

10001000

15001500

20002000

25002500

30003000

35003500

40004000

45004500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

2300230024002400

26002600

35003500

4004400444004400 44004400

51055105


MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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