Ministry of Environment and Water Management Romania - Regional Waste Management Plan - Region 1

1

Document Lead Sheet

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER

MANAGEMENT ROMANIA

REGIONAL WASTE MANAGEMNT PLAN

REGION 1

December 2006

Regional Waste Management Plan Region-1 Nord Est

2 December 19th, 2006

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 6

2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION 10

2.1 General overview 10

2.1.1 Brief presentation of the region – Physical and Geographical Data 10

2.1.2 Protected areas 15

2.1.3 Infrastructure 16

2.1.4 Demographic data and human settlements 19

2.1.5 Economic development 21

2.2 Municipal waste management 26

2.2.1 Waste generation 27

2.2.2 Collection and transport of municipal waste 33

2.2.3 Waste treatment for recovery or disposal 38

2.2.4 Waste disposal 40

Settlement covered 42

3. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 43

3.1 Principles 43

3.2 Regional objectives and targets 44

4. PROGNOSIS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE AND PACKAGING WASTE 54

4.1 Evolution trend of the relevant factors for municipal and packaging waste generation 54

4.2 Prognosis of municipal waste generation 55

4.3 Prognosis of generated packaging waste 60

4.4 Quantifying the targets 62

4.4.1 Quantifying the targets for biodegradable municipal waste 62

4.4.2 Quantifying the targets for packaging waste 63

5. SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS 65

5.1 Hazardous waste as part of municipal waste 65

5.2 Waste of electronic and electric equipments 69

5.3 End of life vehicles 76

5.4 Construction and demolition waste 78

5.5 Sludge from wastewater treatment plants 80

6. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES 83

6.1 Brief Description of Potential Technical Alternatives 83

7. CALCULATION OF NEEDED CAPACITY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT 93



7.1 Projects concerning waste management 93

7.2 Collection and transport 95

7.3 Treatment and recovery 98

7.4 Disposal 100

8. COST ASSESSMENT 105

8.1 Costing Assumptions 105

8.2 Costs of Proposed Regional Investments 106

8.3 Affordability Implications of Proposed Investments 108

8.3.1 Macro Affordability 109

8.3.2 Existing Tariff Levels 112

8.3.3 Tariff Impacts of Proposed Investments 113

9. IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES 116

10. SYSTEM MONITORING 135



GLOSSARY

GDP Gross Domestic Product

LEPA Local Environmental Protection Agency

REPA Regional Environmental Protection Agency

NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency

ToR Terms of Reference

RWMP Regional Waste Management Plans

RAPP Romanian Association Packaging Producers



Foreword

Elaborated on the basis of the European and Romanian legislation, the Regional Waste Management Plan for Region 1 North – East transposes, at regional level, the objectives of the National Waste Management Strategy.

This document intends to promote cooperation between local and county authorities in order to create and develop an integrated waste management system to replace the current system, which is inefficient, both from economic and environment protection point of view. It is intended this way to identify suitable solutions, adjusted to the particularities of the region, to assure the fulfillment of the national targets and the commitments that Romania has made through Chapter 22 – Environment.

The Plan intends to provide a general frame for the development of future projects and programmes in the area of waste management, it represents an instrument based on which financial assistance, and support can be obtained from the European Union.

In parallel with the elaboration of this plan, stages of the procedure of Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) have been completed, offering the public the possibility to express their opinion with regards to the options adopted.

We would like to thank all local, county and regional authorities which have contributed to the elaboration of this first regional waste management plan.

Executive Director Regional Environment Protection Agency Bacau,

dr. ing. Iulian MOVILA



1. INTRODUCTION

The Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2006/12/EC) stipulates the obligation for the Member States to elaborate one or more waste management plans, in compliance with the provisions of the relevant directives.

Emergency Ordinance nr. 61/2006 for the modification and completion of the Governmental Emergency Ordinance nr. 78/2000 regarding waste (which transposes the Waste Framework Directive) stipulates the obligation to elaborate the national, regional and local waste management plans. It is also mentioned that regional waste management plans are elaborated by the County Councils in cooperation with the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies, according to the National Waste Management Plan. The Regional Waste Management Plans are approved by common order of the central environmental protection agency manager and the central public authority manager for regional development.

Waste management legislation European Directives regarding waste management can be divided into four main groups:

� Waste Framework legislation – Waste Framework Directive 2006/12/EC, consisting in provisions for all types of waste, with the exception of those regulated by other Directives and the Hazardous waste Directive (Directive 91/689/EEC), consisting in provisions regarding hazardous waste correct management, recovery and disposal;

� Special flows waste legislation: regulations regarding packaging, and packaging waste, waste oil, batteries and accumulators, PCBs and PCTs, sludge from waste water treatment, end of life vehicles, Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipment, titan dioxide waste;

� Waste treatment operations legislation – regulations regarding municipal and hazardous waste incineration; waste disposal by landfilling;

� Waste transport, import and export legislation.

All these directives were transposed into the Romanian legislation. Annex 1 presents a synthesis of the European and Romanian legislation for waste management. Why a Regional Waste Management Plan? Waste management plans have a key role in the development of a sustainable waste management. Their main goal is to present waste flows and their management options. Waste management plans represent the planning framework for the following aspects:

� Compliance with waste policies and targets accomplishment – waste management plans represent important tools for policy implementation and the achievement of waste management targets.

� Establish the needed and characteristic capacities for waste management – waste management plans present the waste flows and quantities that should be collected, recycled, treated and/or disposed off. Moreover, they ensure the waste collection, recycling, treatment and/or disposal capacities and options, based on the waste that needs to be managed.



� Technological measures control – the presentation of waste flows ensures the identification of areas that need technological measures for certain types of waste disposal or minimization.

� Economic and investment requirements presentation – waste management plans represent a starting point in establishing the financial requirements for the operation of waste collection, recycling, treatment and disposal schemes. The waste recycling, treatment and disposal installations investments can be determined based on this.

The increasing complexity of waste management problems and standards lead to increased requirements regarding waste recycling, treatment and/or disposal installations. In many cases, this means bigger and more complex waste recycling, treatment and/or disposal facilities, which implies the cooperation of several regional bodies to establish and operate these facilities.

RWMP for Region 1 North East During 2002-2004, the Waste management model plan and the Guidelines for the elaboration of the regional/county waste management plans were created, as part of the Romanian - German twinning project (RO 2001/IB/EN/01) developed by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management.

Based on the model plan, guidelines and supplementary requirements of MEWM and NEPA, during August 2005 – August 2006, the first RWMP draft was created under the coordination of REPA Bacau for Region 1.

Starting with 1st August 2006, the RWMP draft was revised and the final version was elaborated as part of the project: Technical Assistance for the Elaboration of Waste Management Regional Plans (PHARE/2004/016-772.03.03/04.01).

During the entire period of elaboration the RWMP were organised Working Groups, to which participated representatives of the following institutions as members of the workgroups: LEPAs, County Councils, Regional Development Agency, Statistics Regional Direction, cement industry (Carpatcement Holding – Bicaz Branch).

The LEPAs provided the current situation data, based on the reports from the sanitation agents, City Halls and other companies involved in waste management. These data were analysed by the working group’s members. Where errors were identified corrections were made based on statistical indicators. Representatives of the cement industry offered data regarding the possibility of co-incineration of municipal waste and sludge from the waste water treatment plants.

Representatives of the County Councils offered information regarding the waste management projects at county level.

The results obtained by the Working Groups were presented progressively to the Coordination Committee: data regarding the current situation, regional objectives and targets and planning elements. Comments and proposals of the Coordination Committee were integrated in the final version of the RWMP.

The Coordination Committee is composed of the decision makers, representatives of the County Councils, REPA, LEPAs, National Environmental Guard, NEPA and Regional Development Agency.

The Working Groups elaborated the final version of the RWMP and the environmental strategic evaluation procedure (SEA) was carried out, according to the provisions of the Governmental Decision 1076/2004. The Environmental



Report was elaborated as part of this procedure, and together with the RWMP, it was submitted to the public authorities involved and put on the REPA Bacau website for the public, for 45 days. The public debate over the RWMP and the Environmental Report took place on October 6, 2006. Public observations and comments were analysed and included in the final version of the RWMP.

Waste streams subject to the plan Non-hazardous and hazardous municipal waste (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional waste) are the subject of the RWMP, together with some special waste streams: packaging, construction and demolition, sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants, end of life vehicles, waste from electric and electronic equipment.

The types of waste which are the subject of the RWMP were established by MEWM and NEPA.

The table below presents types of waste and their codes, according to the European waste list and the Governmental Decision 856/2002, regarding waste management registration for the approval of the list of waste, hazardous waste included.

Waste type Code

(European waste list; GD 856/2002)

Municipal hazardous and non hazardous wastes (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including separately collected fractions:

− separately collected fractions (except 15 01)

− garden and park wastes

− Other municipal wastes (mixed municipal waste, waste from markets, street-cleaning residues, bulky waste, etc.)

20

20 01

20 02

20 03

Packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste)

15 01

Construction and demolition waste 17 01; 17 02; 17 04

sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants 19 08 05

End-of-life vehicles 16 01 06

Waste from electric and electronic equipment.

20 01 35*

20 01 36

The time span for the RWMP The time span for the RWPM is 2003 – 2013. The year 2003 is considered reference year representing, at the time of the RWMP elaboration, the last year for the EUROSTAT validation of the waste data.



The Structure of the RWMP The Region Waste Management Plan has the following main chapters:

� Description of the current situation

� Regional objectives and targets

� Planning

− Generated and collected amounts prognosis and quantification of targets

− Potential technical alternatives

− Necessary capacities

− Implementation measures

− Cost evaluation

� Plan monitoring.

Special streams (hazardous municipal, construction and demolition, sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants, end of life vehicles, waste from electric and electronic equipment) are presented in separate sub-chapters. The Revision of RWMP RWMP will be revised regularly, taking into account technical progress and environmental protection requirements, no later than 5 years. In case the prognosis indicators have a different evolution during the plan monitoring process, the RWMP will be revised more often.



2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

2.1 General overview

2.1.1 Brief presentation of the region – Physical and Geographical Data

The North East 1 Development Region was created in base of the Law no. 151/1998 regarding the regional development in Romania. Geographically, the region is neighbouring Ukraine in north, the Republic of Moldova in east, the Galati and Vrancea counties in south (South East Region), the counties of Maramures and Bistrita Nasaud in North West (North West Region) and the Maramures, Harghita and Covasna counties in west (Centre Region).

Fig. no. 2.1-1: Region 1 NE

In terms of the extent, the region covers 15,5% of the total area of the country, which is 238,391 sq. km; the most extensive counties are Suceava, with an area of 8,553 sq. km, and Bacau, with 6,621 sq. km, while the distance to the capital of the country, Bucharest is 349 km. Table 2.1-1: Surface of the North-East Region

Region 1 NE BC BT IS NT SC VS

km2 % km2

Total surface 36.850 100 6.621 4.986 5.476 5.896 8.553 5.318

Farmland 21.336 57.9 3.234 3.928 3.821 2.837 3.498 4.018

Forests and land

covered by forest vegetation

12.285 33.3 2.791 573 982 2.613 4.536 790

Waters and ponds 718 2.0 148 139 124 104 121 82

Other surfaces 2.511 2.511 448 346 549 342 398 428

Source: Territorial Statistics –2004

Landscape and geology

The Region is characterised by a harmonious combination between all the forms of the relief, 30% is represented by mountains, 30% Sub-Carpathian (hilly) relief, and 40% is covered by plateaus and plains. The counties of the Botosani, Vaslui and Iasi are 70% covered by the latter form of relief. North East Region has a huge tourist potential due to favourable natural conditions, picturesque landscapes and numerous cultural and historical monuments.



The Eastern Carpathians dominate the western part, having a relief strongly influenced by the existence of a geological basis formed out of three parallel sections: the alignment of the volcanic rocks, the crystalline-Mesozoic zone and the folded sediments zone.

The Moldavian Subcarpathians, confined to the North by Moldavia Valley and to the South by Trotus Valley, form a pass area from the Eastern Carpathians to the Moldavia Plateau. The main feature of the Moldavian Subcarpathians is the succession, from the mountain area to the exterior, in two parallel strips, of a single row of depressions (the Neamt Depression, the Cracau - Bistrita, Tazlau – Casin Depressions) and of a single row of hills (Plesu, Corni, Runcu, Barboiu, Pietricica hills). The hills are formed on anticline structures and the lowland corridor Neamt – Cracau – Bistrita –Tazlau – Casin on an oblong synclinal structure bordering the Carpathians.

The Moldavian Plateau covers approximately 40% of the region’s surface. The relief is dominated by structural forms – structural plateau in the Suceava Plateau, the Central Moldavian Plateau, abrupt coasts (the Iasi Coast) – individualized in the monoclinal ensemble with downfall to the East and South-East, given the existence of some rock levels that resist to the attack of external agents with a bigger thickness (oolites, conglomerates).

Soils

The pedogegraphical cover has a great variety due to the geomorphologic conditions, due to the climate and to the geological basis.

In the Carpathian area, the following types of soils are presented: andosoils, brown acid soils and the andosoils (on the volcanic rocks), brown acid soils (in the flysch area), spodosoils (in the crystalline – mezozoic area), brown soils (in the depressions and the short mountains). In the Subcarpathian area, the prevalent soils are the pluvial clayey soils, the grey soils and the chernozem (frequent in the Neamt and Cracau – Bistrita depressions).

On the Moldavian Plateau, the forest clearings and the erosive processes on the slopes determined the different stages of soil degradation and the corresponding decrease of their usage possibility.

The soil cover contains:

� the pluvial clayey soils zone – developed at heights of 300-600 m, which is composed by podsols (at the contact between the plateau and the Subcarpathians, in the interior plateau and undee the beech forests), brown soils (in the Suceava Plateau, the Central – Moldavian Plateau, formed under oak and durmast forests, protozymes (areas from the Falticeni Plateau);

� the mollisoil area (in the South of the Plateau and the Moldavian Plain)

� grey soils (at 200 – 300 m high) developed in the contact areas between the forest lands and the forest steppe

� rendzine soils (on limestone, in the Central Moldavian Plateau) and the pseudo-rendzines (on marl)

� intrazonal soils – illuvium soils (in meadows), swamps (in the South-Eastern part of the Plateau), the gleic soils (in the Suceava Plateau), halomorphic soils (in the Moldavian Plain, the Prut Corridor, the Falciu Hills, on marl and clay soils

� erodisoils



Climate

The region’s climate is temperate-continental with excessive influences. Depending on the relief forms, some specific climates are individualized.

The West mountain area climate varies with altitude and with the baltic – scandinavian influences, in the North. The annual average temperatures are considerably differentiated decreasing from the South to the North, for the same altitudes, from 7-6°C at altitudes of 1000 m to 0°C at over 1800 m.

Consequently the annual amount of precipitation grows, more pronounced on the West side (over 1200 mm in Ceahlau), growth due to the influence of the oceanic air mass, transported by the Western winds. In the higher Northern extremity (Rodna mountains), annual amounts of precipitation of over 1300 mm were registered. In the depressions there are frequent thermic inversions.

In the Subcarpathian area there is an individualized climate of low hills specific to the depressions and a climate of high hills (the Pietricica Peak, the Plesu Hill). The average temperatures decrease from the South towards the North (9°C in Oneşti, 8°C in Târgu Neamţ ) and with altitude. During the winter, the depressions have temperatures higher with 1-2°C than the mountain area and the Moldova Plateau.

The air flow is predominant from the North-West direction, due to the air channeling which crosses the Carpathians along the main valleys: Moldova, Bistrita, Trotus. The amount of precipitations is of 600 - 700 mm/year. In the North some baltic-scandinavian influences can be perceived.

The Eastern plateau area has a temperate climate with average high hills, with annual average temperatures of 8-9°C, average precipitations of 600 mm. The temperature inversions caused by the stagnation of the cold air mass during winter from the North and North-East, are frequent in the valley corridors and in the Modova Plain

Table 2.1 -2: Temperature

Weather station

Observation period

Average temperature

( °C )

Absolute minim

temperature ( °C )

Absolute maximum

temperature ( °C )

Average precipitati

on

(mm/year)

1901-1990 8,6 -30,2 39,4 569,0

2002 10,0 -20,5 35,3 637,7

BT

2003 9,2 -21,1 35,8 454,9

1901-1990 7,4 - 31 38,6 578,7

2002 8,7 - 21,3 31,7 709,4

SV

2003 8,0 - 20,0 33,9 535,0

1901-1990 9,5 - 36,6 40,0 532,7

2002 10,4 - 19,8 37,1 497,6

IS

2003 9,6 - 21,6 36,6 449,4

1901-1990 9,0 - 32,5 39,6 557,2

2002 10,2 - 23,4 34,8 636,3

BC

2003 9,2 - 22,8 37,3 464,6 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004



Hydrographic network

The hydrographic network of the North-East Region 1 is contained completely in the hydrographic basins of the Siret and Prut rivers.

The hydrographic basin Prut-Barlad comprises the Botosani and Vaslui counties completely and Iasi, Neamt and Bacau counties partially.

The minimum and maximum flows, with different overflow probabilities for the rivers Prut, Barlad, Jijia and Bahlui in different calculation sections are:

Table 2.1 – 3: Flows

River Calculation section Q min monthly

95% Q max 5% Qmax 1%

Prut Ac. Stânca Costeşti 19 1925 2 800

Prut Ungheni 14.8 993 1 310

Jijia S.h. Todireni 0.07 218 400

Bahlui S.h. Iasi 0,07 245 450

Bârlad S.h. Negreşti 0,05 285 450

The Siret hydrographic basin represents approximately 17% of the country’s total water resources, being the largest hydrographic basin of Romania. It is extended on the surface of the following counties: Suceava (8554 km2 ), Botoşani (457 km2), Neamţ (5 836 km2), Bacău (6 603 km2) and Iaşi (850 km2).

Siret river Bistrita approximately 35%, Trotus approximately 18% - which is strikingly expressed through has important affluent – Suceava approximately 9%, Moldova approximately 17,6%, the variation of the multiannual average flow along its course.

The multiannual volume flown on the whole surface of the basin is distributed unevenly during seasons and months, so that in the vegetation season it flows approximately 70% of the annual total, because the maximum flow generally corresponds to a high frequency of the spring rains, and the minimum flow is registered during the winter months.

A special feature of the Siret hydrographic basin is the fact that the historical maximum flows exceed three times the maximum flow during the spring months. The historical maximum flows are due to action of some powerful cyclones, while the average maximum flows are generated by local downpours.

The phreatic and the deep water resources from the Siret hydrographic basin – are mostly located in the meadows of the rivers Siret, Suceava, Moldova and Bistrita, the phreatic water being estimated at approximately 28 m3/s.

Lakes

The plateau area can be distinguished through a high number of lakes, most of them having an anthropic origin: ponds in the Moldavian Plain, pools on the Suceava Plateau and dam lakes. The natural lakes have small depths and are frequently invaded by hydrophile vegetation.

In the accumulation lakes within the hydrographic basine of Siret and Prut are listed in Annex 2.

Natural resources

a) Subsoil natural resources

The region disposes of the following subsoil workable resources:



� Manganese: Suceava county � Polymetallic sulphides: Suceava County � Sparkling mineral waters: Suceava, Neamt Counties � Sulphureous and ferruginous mineral waters: Iasi, Vaslui, Bacau Counties � Construction materials:

o limestone: Suceava, Neamt, Iasi, Botosani Counties o clay: Neamţ, Iaşi, Botoşani, Bacău counties o sandstone: Botosani, Iasi, Bacau, Suceava, Vaslui (on the

watersides) counties o plaster stones: Botosani, Bacau Counties o Gravels: exploited in the pits of the Siret and Prut river beds; o Quartzous sands: Botosani county o Construction sands: Botosani, Iasi, Bacau Counties

� Peat: Suceava , Botoşani couties � Salts: Suceava, Bacău counties; � Brimstone deposits: in the Călimani massif; � Potassium deposits: Bacau county � Bituminous shale: Neamt county � Oil and natural gases deposits: Bacău county

b) Surface natural resources (forests, farmland, pastures):

The mountain regions are covered by coniferous forests (especially spruce), beech and mixed forests.

In the hilly and plateau areas, the leafy forests are predominant, representative being the beech levels at over 400 m and the oak at altitudes smaller than 400 m, the floral composition being mixed. In the Western Subcarpathian hills, the vegetation cover is represented by oak and durmast forests (over 90% of the surface). In the Southern lower parts, predominant is the oak and durmast, while on the higher peaks the beech.

The forests, that have an important role in the repairing of the environment condition, occupy the following surfaces:

Table 2.1-4: Forest and forestry areas repartition, 2003 (ha)

Territorial Unit Total Surface Forests %

Romania 23 839 071 6 751 645 27,95

North-East Region 1 3 684 983 1 228 505 33,34

Bacău 662 052 279 058 42,15

Botoşani 498 569 57 323 11,50

Iaşi 547 558 98 129 17,92

Neamţ 589 614 261 330 44,32

Suceava 855 350 453 566 53,02

Vaslui 531 840 79 099 14,87

Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004



The North-East Region 1 has 18, 2% of the country’s forest area.

The forest steppe area is located in the Moldavia Plain and in the South-East part, where, due to the relief fragmentation, it interpenetrates with the leafy forest. Mostly, the forest steppe has been replaced by secondary lawns and agricultural land.

The agricultural surface of the North-East Region 1 represents 57,9% of the total surface of the region and 14,5% of the agricultural surface of Romania. According to the usage manner of the land, at 31st of December 2003, the agriculture surface structure was presented as follows:

Table 2.1-5: Agriculture surface structure (ha)

Total agricultural

surface Arable Pastures Lawns

Vineyard and

wine-growing

nurseries

Orchards and fruit-growing

nurseries

Romania 14.717.426 9.414.341 3.354.970 1.490.384 230.527 227.204 Region 1NE

2.133.569 1.378.476 499.000

197.781

35.559

22.753

Bacau 323.415 184.795 88.377 39.752 7.386 3.106

Botosani 392.776 298.540 74.949 14.775 1840 2.672

Iasi 382.081 254.738 88.024 19.621 11.698 8.009

Neamt 283.717 170.633 69.424 40.101 891 2.668

Suceava 349.826 180.494 90.450 75.675 - 3.207

Vaslui 401.754 289.277 87.776 7.857 13.753 3.091 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004

Green spaces

An important waste quantity that can be composted comes from the waste resulting from the vegetation cultivation from the parks and gardens. In the municipalities and cities of Romania, at the end of 2003, there were 20.597 ha of green spaces, out of which 11,79% came from the NE Region 1, that means 2.429 ha.

2.1.2 Protected areas

In the North-East Region 1, in 2003, were declared 106 protected areas (14, 91% of the country’s total preserved areas), out of which 3 are national parks (Ceahlau - Neamţ county, Cheile Bicazului - Neamţ – Harghita counties and Calimani - Suceava, Bistriţa, Năsăud, Mureş, Harghita) and one natural park (Vanatori - Neamt County). The total surface of the protected areas is 63.452 ha.

Table 2.1-6: Protected areas, 2003

Romania Region 1

BC BT IS NT SV VS

Protected areas 711 104 12 9 24 25 26 8

Surface (ha) 1.305.325

65.310 201 2132 5.024 43.007 14.718 228

Source: MEWM – Report concerning state of environment in Romania, 2003

The national protected areas according to the Law 5/2000 and GD 2151/2004, are listed in Annex 3.



2.1.3 Infrastructure

2.1.3.1 Transport infrastructure

Road network

The North-East Region 1 disposes of a well represented road network, being crossed by a series of European road corridors, as follows:E85, E576, E60, E574, E581, E58, E583

Table 2.1-7: Public road situation, December 2003

National roads National and communal roads

TOTAL

Total Moderni-zed

With light road covers

Total Modernized

With light road covers

Road density per 100km2 of the territory

Romania 79 001 15 122 13 823 1 078 63 879 6 545 1670 33,1

Region 1 13 345 2 601 2 295 264 10 744 848 2 238 36,2

Bacău 2452 429 410 19 202 173 483 37,0

Botoşani 2108 416 323 56 1692 36 321 42,3

Iaşi 2352 343 315 28 2009 103 386 43,0

Neamţ 1814 406 394 12 1408 56 444 30,8

Suceava 2481 631 524 102 1850 249 440 29,0

Vaslui 2138 376 329 47 1762 231 164 40,2


Table 2.1-8: Road distances between the main municipalities (km)

Bacău Botoşani Iaşi Piatra-Neamţ

Suceava Vaslui Bucureşti

Bacău - 193 130 58 151 83 294

Botoşani 193 - 125 145 42 258 499

Iaşi 130 187 - 139 145 71 430

Piatra-Neamţ

58 145 139 - 103 129 354

Suceava 151 42 145 103 - 216 457

Vaslui 83 258 71 129 216 - 359

Railway network

The NE Region 1 disposes of a railway network of 1506 km, out of which only 38,1% electrified, a higher percentage than the national level, which is of 35,8% and it is crossed by two of the eight national railway arteries: 500 and 600 arteries.

Table 2.1-9: Railway lines, December 2003

Lines with normal gauge 1) TOTAL Out of which electrified

Total With one way

With two ways

Lines with wide gauge

The line density at 1000 km2 of territory

Romania 11 077 3 965 10 946 7 981 2 965 57 46,5

Region 1 1 506 573 1 483 1 070 413 23 40,9

Bacău 226 191 226 116 110 - 34,1



Lines with normal gauge 1) TOTAL Out of which electrified

Total With one way

With two ways

Lines with wide gauge

The line density at 1000 km2 of territory

Botoşani 159 - 159 159 - - 31,9

Iaşi 295 135 275 135 140 20 53,9

Neamţ 134 46 134 107 27 - 22,7

Suceava 444 201 442 363 79 2 51,9

Vaslui 248 - 247 190 57 1 46,6 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004 1)

Lines for which the distance between the rails is of 1435 mm

Air transport

The North-East Region 1 has two international airports: Bacau and Iasi and a national one in Suceava.

Public transport

Table 2.1-10: Urban passenger transport, 2003

Length of the simple line (km)

Number of inventoried vehicles

Tramways

Trolley - buses Tramways Buses Trolley - buses

Romania 963,9 738 1 798 5 394 828

NE Region 1 100 185 172 485 99 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004

2.1.3.2 Utilities

Water supply

The total length of the water distribution network is of 4.767 km, which accounts for 11, 28 % of the total length of the countrywide network (42.263 km) and ensures the access to the water supply of 389 settlements of the area, representing 11,53 % of the total of 3.375 settlements served at the national level. Out of this 389 settlements, 34 are municipalities and cities (8,74%).

The total volume of drinking water supplied in 2003 amounted to 161.838 thousands cm, out of which 90.604 thousands cm were supplied to households, and 131.352 thousands mc (81,2 %) were supplied to the consumers that have installed water meters. In 2003, total consumption of drinking water per capita was of 43,23 cm, value much lower than the one at the national level of 56,05 cm/capita. Out of the total consumption, only 24,2 cm/inhabitant were supplied to households, as opposed to 32,86 cm/inhabitant – the national average.

Table 2.1-11: Drinking water supply

Drinking water

supplied (103 cm)

Region 1 BC BT IS NT SV VS

Total, out of which:

161.838 33.932 20.033 56.158 18.165 21.765 11.785

To the households

90.604 19.334 6.218 32.741 13.303 10138 8.870



Supplied through water meters

131.352 30.325 13.252 49.487 12.829 17.442 8.017

The water supply in the rural area can be encountered in few communes, without covering the whole existing necessary.

Sewerage system

At the end of 2003, the sewerage system had a length of 2493 km (which accounts for 14,67 % of the length of the countrywide network 17.183 km) and served 132 settlements (4,42 % out of the total of 2934 existing human settlements from the region), out of which 34 municipalities and cities (25,76 %).

As it can be noticed, the sewerage network covers only 52,3% of the length of the water supply network, household waste water is most of the time disposed in septic tanks or simply spread above ground.

Also, it must be mentioned the fact that not all the settlements connected to the sewerage network have cleaning plants, and the fact the existing ones, most of the times, have either a surpassed capacity or are not exploited adequately.

Heating systems

Table 2.1-12: Settlements fuelled by thermic energy, 31 December 2003

Region /County Settlements fuelled by thermic energy

TOTAL out of which: municipalities and cities

Romania 186 158

NE Region 1 30 24

Bacău 6 6

Botoşani 2 2

Iaşi 7 4

Neamţ 6 3

Suceava 6 6

Vaslui 3 3 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004

Table 2.1-13: Natural gas distribution network,31 December 2003


Settlements supplied with natural gas

Volume of the supplied natural gas

(103 cm)

Region /County

Total Out of which: municipalities

and cities

Simple length of the natural

gas distribution pipes (km)

Total Out of which : for household

Romania 1221 182 23 917 10 294 577 3 476 292 Region 1 67 22 2 117 1 311 452 668 199 Bacău 25 8 681 494 052 222 471 Botoşani 3 2 158 80 988 46 101 Iaşi 15 3 540 354 590 192 411 Neamţ 14 4 341 168 265 126 242 Suceava 8 3 267 139 988 31 661 Vaslui 2 2 130 73 569 49 313



2.1.4 Demographic data and human settlements

The result of the last census from 2002 showed for the North-East Region 1, a total inhabitant number of 3.674.367, representing 16,9 % of the country’s population (21.680.974 inhabitants). Comparing with the data from the previous census (1992), the population decreased with 77.416 persons (2,1%), the most important decrease being registered in Bacau county - 4,19 % and Neamt county - 4,13 %, while Iasi county registered a light increase of 0,68 %. Consequently, the population density dropped from 101,8 inhabitants / km2 in 1992 to 101,58 inhabitants/km2 in 2002 (101,6 inhabitans/km2 in 2003), remaining above the national average of only 91,43 inhabitants/km2 (91,17 inhabitants/km2 in 2003).

Table 2.1-14: Administrative organization of the territory, 31 December 2003 Total

surface

Km2

No of Inhabitants

Population density inh/km2

No of cities & municip.

No of municip.

No of communes

No of villages

Romania 238391 21733556 91,17 276 103 2727 13042

NE Region 1

36850 3743819 101,6 34 17 478 2436

Bacau 6621 725005 109,5 8 3 79 491

Botosani 4986 460825 92,4 4 2 72 336

Iasi 5476 816003 149,0 4 2 85 420

Neamt 5896 572255 97,1 5 2 72 344

Suceava 8553 705547 82,5 8 5 99 396

Vaslui 5318 464184 87,3 5 3 71 449


Regarding the human settlements, at the end of 2003, there were 34 cities (out of which 17 municipalities), 478 communes and 2436 villages, situation that situates it on the 7th position at a national level.

The region is also the 7th, if we count the urban population, which was of 40,8% (1.526.398 persons), being followed only by the South Region 3. The majority of the cities have under 20,000 inhabitants, although 4 of them fit in the 100.000-200.000 inhabitants group, and one of it over 300.000 (municipality of Iasi with 313.444 inhabitants – the 2nd in the country).

The majority of the population from this region lived in villages, the urbanization degree of the population (40,8 %) being under the national level (53,4%).

On 8th of April 2004, Iasi County Council, Iasi Municipality and 12 rural surroundin areas signed, based on the common development objectives identified and with the aim of establish proper partnerships to reach these objectives, the constitutive act of Iasi Metropolitan Area and set up the Iasi Metropolitan Council.

The Iasi Metropolitan Areas includes the following localities: Iasi municipality and 13 communes: Commune Aroneanu, Comuna Bârnova, Ciurea, Holboca, Leţcani, Miroslava, Popricani, Rediu, Schitu Duca, Tomeşti, Ungheni, Valea Lupului and Comuna Victoria



Table 2.1-15: Population balance in the urban and rural areas, 1st July 2003 RURAL URBAN

Inhabitants % Inhabitants %

Romania 11.599.199 53,37 10.343.357 46,63

NE Region 1 2.217.421 59,2 1.526.398 40,8

Bacau 385.628 53,2 339.377 46,8

Botosani 291.373 63,2 169.452 36,8

Iasi 434.489 53,2 381.889 46,8

Neamt 358.232 62,6 214.023 37,4

Suceava 469.189 66,5 236.358 33,5

Vaslui 278.510 60,0 185.866 40,0 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004

Table 2.1-16: Administrative Units, 1st July 2003 Number of settlements (rural/cities/municipals) Settlement type

Region 1 Bacău Botoşani Iaşi Neamţ Suceava

Vaslui

RURAL

<500 inh. 1984 490 - 420 218 390 338

500 – 1.500 inh. 442 - - 1 126 - 154

1.500 – 5.000 inh. 309 48 46 51 68 62 34

> 5.000 inh. 111 31 22 33 5 37 1

Total rural 2.575 569 68 505 417 489 527

URBAN

< 20.000 inh. 13 3 2 2 1 4 1

20.000–100.000 inh.

14 4 1 1 2 3 3

100.000–300.000 inh

4 1 1 - 1 1 -

> 300.000 inh 1 - - 1 - - -

Total urban 32 8 4 4 4 8 4

TOTAL 2.607 577 72 509 421 497 531




Table 2.1-17: Administrative Units, 1st July 2003 Number of settlements (rural/cities/municipals) Settlement

type Region 1 Bacău Botoşani Iaşi Neamţ Suceava Vaslui

RURAL

<500 inh. 128.099 - - - 36.476 - 63.206

500 – 1.500 inh.

384.849 - - 1.446 111.606 - 132.511

1.500 – 5.000 inh. 898.018 169.674 153.749 186.471 164.184 186.412 75.074

> 5.000 inh. 754.921 210.632 137.624 241.207 30.418 282.777 5.257

Total rural 2.046.468.887

380.306 291.373 429.124 242.684 469.189 257.048

URBAN

< 20.000 inh. 216.586 51.512 20.383 24.841 39.870 47.099 9.854

20.000–100.000 inh.

492.254 99.681 31.885 42.057 69.268 80.922 169.147

100.000–300.000 inh

502.609 175.500 117.184 - 102.694 108.337 -

> 300.000 inh 320.888 - - 320.888 - - -

Total urban 1.507.321 326.317 169.452 387.786 211.832 236.358 179.001


Table 2.1-18: Population trends

Year No of inhabitants in Romania

Population density (inh/km2)

No of inhabitants in NE Region 1

Population density (inh/km2)

1999 22.458.022 94,21 3.814.561 103,50

2000 22.435202 94,11 3.824.038 103,70

2001 22.408.393 94,00 3.836.835 104,12

2002 21.794.793 91,43 3.743.242 101,58

2003 21.733.566 91,17 3.743.819 101,60 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004

2.1.5 Economic development

Socio-economic situation

The geographical and historical conditions determined a serious delay from a social – economic point of view in the North-East Region 1.

The economical characteristic of the ‘60 was mainly agrarian and a very low standard of living. Between 1965-1985, there was a process of forced industrialization in the region, in order to reestablish the economical situation, through the acquisition of modern production capacities, at the level of developed



countries, which determined the increase of an industrial culture, the manpower qualification and the instruction of a high number of specialists.

Although, the industrial development was much too diversified and did not take into consideration the specific conditions and the natural, energetic and environment resources in the region.

Industry

At the end of 2003, there were 40.855 active industrial undertakings in the region, (11,37 % of the country’s total units – 359.399), with a turnover of 328.607 thousand millions lei current prices, that is 9,5% out of the country’s total (3 462 035 thousand millions current prices).

Their allocation / activity domains show the national level structure. Thus, most units activate in the commercial and services field (22511 units in the North-East Region, 184301 in Romania). It is followed by the processing industry with 6879 units in the region (52521 at a national level), real estate and rental with 3585 units (46571 in Romania), transports, deposits and communications with 2431 units (22177 at a national level), constructions with 2052 units (21352 in Romania).

According to the number of employees, in 2003 companies could be classified as follows:

• 35008 companies with less than 9 employees • 4434 companies with 10-49 employees • 1120 companies with 50-249 employees • 293 companies with 2500 employees

Regarding the turnover from the year 2003, the first county is Bacau (84136 thousand million current prices), followed by Iasi county (60103 thousand million lei current prices) and Suceava (40235 thousand million lei current prices). The field that registers the highest turnover is the processing industry: 36928 thousand million lei in Bacau county, 19697 thousand million lei in Iasi county and 18661 thousand million lei in Neamt county.

The analysis of gross investments in 2002 situates the county of Iasi on the first position, followed by the counties of Bacau and Neamt. The highest investments were done in the field of electric and thermic energy, gas and water in the county of Iasi (5848 billions lei current prices) and processing industry in Bacau county with 3831 billions lei current prices.

Table 2.1-19: Local units, 2003

Number units Activities

Romania Region 1 BC BT NT IS SV VS

Extractive industry 502 72 28 13 7 4 20 -

Processing industry 50.863 6.964 1 206 645 1 488 1 394 1 336 521

Electric and thermic energy, gas and water

453 79 16 8 7 13 15 6

Constructions 20.628 2.085 416 188 278 433 268 128

Wholesale and en-detail commerce, repairing and maintenance of vehicles and personal and household goods

179.258 23.396 4 978 1.869 2 747 6 278 4 250 1 887



Hotels and restaurants 15.459 1.795 268 242 271 410 362 115

Transport, storing and communications 21.231 2.516 378 218 303 431 442 179

Real estate transactions, rentals and services mainly for companies

45.748 3.651 15 226 372 897 339 152

Education 926 92 15 5 13 24 20 6

Health and social assistance 5.503 501 123 28 46 110 87 29

Others 8.490 878 104 67 130 216 92 55

Total county/region - 41.058 8 047 3.509 5 662 10 210

7 231 3 078

Romania 349061 322.188 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook – 2004

Construction

As it can be seen from the table below, at national level, the construction activity has increased. Meanwhile, more industrial units have reduced and are disaffecting in a big proportion the production spaces, so there is a great quantity of construction and demolition waste for which a correct management must be ensured.

Table 2.1-20: construction works, by execution type -billion lei at current prices- Activities

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total, 49812,8 74841,1 112678,8 154040,8 206294,7 New construction and current repairs 42184,1 56075,1 82823,3 113181,8 152139,1

Entrepreneurship/contract 37709,7 52411,8 82260,3 110460,1 150486,3

Regie/Own management 4474,4 3663,9 563,0 2721,7 1652,8

Maintenance and current repairs

7628,7 18765,4 29855,5 40859,0 54155,6

Source: Romanian statistic yearbook- 2004

Agriculture

The agricultural surface of Region 1 North-East (2133569 ha) represented in 2003 14,5 % of the agricultural surface of the country (14 717 426 ha), and the contribution of the region to the national production of services and products was of 17,75 %.

The analysis of the way of use of the fields in the regions illustrates the fact that the largest areas with arable surfaces are in Botoşani (298540 ha), Vaslui (289277 ha) and Iaşi (254738 ha) counties. Regarding the areas with pastures and hay fields, most of these are in Suceava (166125 ha), Bacău (128129 ha) and Neamţ (109525 ha) counties. There are no vineyards in the municipality of Suceava, but there are significant vineyard areas in the municipalities of Vaslui (13753 ha) and Iaşi (11689 ha). The municipality of Iasi is the only one with large orchards 8009 ha).



Labour force

In 2003, the people employed in Region 1 North-East was of 1.652 thousand, representing 44,12 % of the total population in the region and 14,95 % of the total working population of the country (11050 thousand persons). Of the total working population, 51,15 % work in agriculture, and 19,67 % in industry (17,25 % in processing industry), 6,35 % in commerce.

In the region, in 2003, the working rate of the population was higher in the rural area (61,6), compared to 45,4 in the urban area.

Table 2.1-21: Trends in unemployment rate

Unemployment rate IOL* (%) Region /County

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Romania 6,8 7,1 6,6 8,4 7,0

NE Region 7,4 6,8 5,9 7,6 6,3

Bacău 9,5 8,2 9,4

Botoşani 17,7 16,5 11,8 11,0 9,7

Iaşi 12,3 10,9 9,4 9,7 9,5

Neamţ 16,6 14,1 10,7 7,8

Suceava 13,6 12 8,6 10,3 8,1

Vaslui 15,1 12,8 14,7 15,9 10,3 Source: County departments of statistics and Romania’s Statistical Yearbook - 2004

IOL – International Office of Labour

Gross Domestic Product

The period 1998-1999 was characterized by a time of recession, both at a regional and national level, a time when everyone felt the effects of the liberalization of the exchange rate and restructuration programmes in the companies with losses started during 1997.

The regional economic decrease in 1999 was 50% higher than the one registered at the national level. The decrease in 2000 was much lower compared to the year before, of only 2,51%, considering that at the national level an economic increase of 2,06% was registered.

The year 2001 was the first one to mark an economic increase of 8,32%, superior to the National one, as a consequence of both the currency and fiscal policy promoted at the national level, and of the funds of which Region 1 North-East beneficiated of, starting with 1999.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Bacău Botoşani Iaşi Neamţ Suceava Vaslui

Working active population in the urban area (%) Working active population in the rural area (%)



We have to mention also that, in 2001, the region has contributed to the constitution of the national GDP with 12,28%.

The following table shows the GDP of the North-Eastern Region 1 in 2000 and 2001, compared to the national one.

Table 2.1-22: Regional GDP ( 106 lei )

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP – National 545.730 803.773 1.167.687 1.514.750 1.975.648

GDP – NE Region 1 68.522 96.348 143.397 186.074 246.190

Real GDP – National 369.235 557.015 849.844 418.888 -

Real GDP – NE Region 1 46.361 66.769 104.365 51.457 -

GDP/inhabitant – National 24.300 35.826 52.110 69.500 90.905

GDP/inhabitant– NE Region 1 17.966 25.067 37.374 49.709 65.774 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook 2003

One of the indicators offering relevant information on the economic situation of the region is the regional gross domestic product per inhabitant (RGDP/inh.), since it is not influenced by the differences among the population of various regions.

Based on the analysis of the data, can be noticed that the GDP per inhabitant in the Region NE, representing 70% of the value of GDP/inh. Registered at the national level in 2000 and 71,72% (2001), situated the region on the last position from this point of view, after all the other regions. The maximum disparity is in comparison with the Bucharest-Ilfov region, RGDP/inh. Being close to a third of the GDP value in this region.

Gross Dometic Product NE Region 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

GDP – NE Region 1



2.2 Municipal waste management

The Romanian authorities for environment protection are collecting data concerning waste management since 1991, the first complete set of data at national level dating from 1995. Until 2003, the data collection regarding waste management has been done by the county agencies for environment protection based on statistic questionnaires, the data being then processed by the Research in Environment Protection Institute (ICIM) and the National Statistics Institute. In 2004, during the technical assistance project PHARE RO 0107.04.03, the pilot statistic investigation for waste and the methodology and investigation questionnaires have been done. Starting 2005, the National Agency for Environment Protection and the National Statistics Institute are doing annual research.

Regarding to the municipal waste, the statistic investigation is done in an exhaustive manner, based on 2 questionnaires:

� AS-GD-MUN „Statistic research for town-halls or unites specialized in sanitation services ”;

� AS-GD-TRAT „statistic research concerning the treatment of waste”.

According to the mentions in the statistic publication concerning waste, the quality of the date regarding waste management depends greatly on a series of existing conditions at reporting unit level, meaning:

� The disponibility of technical conditions for recording the waste (basically the lack of weighs at landfills);

� The organization of waste management ; � The record of enterprises in the statistic Register of economic operators ; � The competence and engagement of the persons responsible for the

completion of the statistic questionnaires.

The data presented in this chapter concern household waste, commercial similar with household waste, bulky waste, parks, markets and gardens waste, and street waste.

The collected waste represents the generated waste that is collected through sanitation services. The uncollected waste represents the generated waste that is not collected through sanitation services (the rural and urban population that is not connected to sanitation services)

In the table below it is presented the number of inhabitants that in 2003 were not connected to sanitation services.

Table 2.2-1: Population not served with sanitation services, 2003

URBAN RURAL

County Total population

Inh. not served

% Total Total

urban Inh. not served

% Total urban

Total rural

Not served

% Total rural

Region 1 3743819 2473463 66,1 1526398 334354 21,9 2216341 2139109 96,5

BC 725005 422432 58,3 339337 63115 18,6 385628 359317 93,2

BT 460825 322876 70,1 169452 31503 18,6 291373 291373 100

IS 816003 486094 59,6 381889 52527 13,8 434114 433567 99,8

NT 572255 380972 66,6 214023 60300 28,2 358232 320781 89,5

SV 705547 533841 75,6 236358 78716 33,3 469189 455753 97,1

VS 464184 327248 70,5 185675 48930 26,34 278510 278318 100 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook 2004 and sanitation companies



2.2.1 Waste generation

Data concerning municipal waste generation are reported, mainly by the sanitation operators based on the questionnaire received from Local Environmental Protection Agencies and then centralized in a regional data base by Regional Environmental Protection Agency for Region 1 NE. These data are based on a great part on estimations and not on precise data, resulted from weighing.

In the table below are presented data concerning municipal waste generation presented in the RWMP, revision august 2006, elaborated by REPA Bacau.

Table 2.2-2: Municipal waste 1999-2003 Types of waste EWC County 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

TONNES

Region 846.389 875.637 1.019.807 1.055.517 1.060.818

Bacau 144.855 133.107 220.576 223.210 190.928 Botosani 106.055 107.716 125.519 137.328 113.209

Iasi 187.393 192.558 206.466 223.471 265.659 Neamt 140.723 139.213 143.969 137.106 147.859

Suceava 144.511 169.082 183.278 195.633 176.660

1 Municipal waste

(household waste and similar from commerce, industry, institutions), out of which:

20 05 01

Vaslui 117.337 133.559 140.272 132.524 142.006 Region 472.653 474.109 580.619 586.009 536.920

Bacau 65.804 41.711 129.801 93.286 89.363 Botosani 64.647 64.395 45.739 69.454 57.456

Iasi 134.948 137.036 147.335 162.088 162.633

Neamt 95.225 92.843 104.817 94.030 91.681

Suceava 56.634 78.625 88.346 103.485 75.956

1.1 Mixed domestic waste

20 03 01 + packaging code

Vaslui 55.395 59.499 64.581 63.666 59.831

Region 124.718 123.304 145.841 172.535 139.844

Bacau 29.312 26.618 32.783 65.389 31.829

Botosani 8.526 10.187 26.563 16.894 11.053

Iasi 9.040 7.633 9.411 13.879 15.545

Neamt 20.735 21.889 19.176 25.850 26.336

Suceava 28.542 26.374 26.286 25.177 22.878

1.2 Similar mixed waste from commerce, industry, institutions

20 03 01

Vaslui 28.563 30.603 31.622 25.346 32.203

Region 1.710 17.211 15.569 27.815 66.880

Bacau 0 15.212 12.770 24.112 966 Botosani 0 0 0 0 4.016

Iasi 0 0 0 0 43.615 Neamt 0 0 0 1 4.830

Suceava 1.710 1.999 2.799 3.702 9.685

1.3 Municipal and similar waste collected separately (except construction and demolition waste)

20 03 01

Vaslui 0 0 0 0 3.768

Region 0 817 3.767 2.576 5.515

Bacau 0 0 0 0 3.091 Botosani 0 0 2.901 1.652 1.505

Iasi 0 817 866 924 919

Neamt 0 0 0 0 0 Suceava 0 0 0 0 0

1.4 Bulky waste 20 03 07

Vaslui 0 0 0 0 0

Region 3.899 5.567 6.996 8.301 20.080

Bacau 0 0 0 0 6.131

1.5 Park and garden waste

20 02

Botosani 564 561 793 2.342 4.695



Iasi 0 1.913 1.893 2.008 2.117

Neamt 520 570 592 782 3.845

Suceava 1.014 1.218 2.334 1.787 2.350

Vaslui 1.801 1.305 1.384 1.382 942

Region 5.855 7.859 8.987 9.468 18.040

Bacau 0 0 0 0 7.699 Botosani 1.515 1.506 1.536 2.984 2.994

Iasi 0 1.148 1.065 1.176 1.126

Neamt 2.179 2.487 2.557 2.383 2.420

Suceava 1.562 1.498 2.453 1.005 2.000

1.6 Market waste 20 03 02

Vaslui 599 1.219 1.376 1.920 1.801

Region 32.029 37.046 53.147 52.494 61.166

Bacau 0 0 0 0 11.954 Botosani 7.988 5.416 23.680 26.121 24.368

Iasi 8.327 6.426 8.085 5.070 4.418

Neamt 6.349 7.157 3.967 4.552 6.167

Suceava 6.258 12.156 10.863 10.350 7.189

1.7 Street waste 20 03 03

Vaslui 3.107 5.891 6.552 6.401 7.070

Region 205.525 209.724 204.881 196.319 212.373

Bacau 49.739 49.566 45.222 40.423 39.895 Botosani 28.330 26.052 24.034 24.126 31.619

Iasi 35.078 37.585 37.811 38.326 35.286

Neamt 15.715 14.267 12.860 9.508 12.580

Suceava 48.791 47.212 50.197 50.127 56.602

1.8 Generated but uncollected waste

20 01 15 01

Vaslui 27.872 35.042 34.757 33.809 36.391

Source: Annual statistical report of the operators

The data from the table regarding waste quantity trends are those resulted after the procession of statistic investigation questionnaires. They only comprise the information given by sanitation operators and by landfill operators. For this reason, for 2003, the basis year for the prognosis, have been added at the selective collected quantities those collected from the population by the sanitation operators authorized to collect recyclable waste.

Table 2.2-3: Separately collected fractions in Region 1

Types of waste EWC(1) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

1.3

Municipal and similar waste collected separately

20 03 01

1.710 17.211 15.569 27.814 66.880

Paper and cardboard

20 01 01 15 01 01 297 370 627 1.494 14.756

Glass 20 01 02 15 01 07 0 0 0 0 1

Plastic 20 01 39 15 01 02 0 0 0 0 310

Metals 20 01 40 15 01 04 1.413 16.841 14.942 26.320 51.231

Wood 20 01 38 15 01 03 0 0 0 0 0

Biodegradable 20 01 08 0 0 0 0 0

Others 20 01 15 01 0 0 0 0 582 Source: Annual statistical report of the operators

(1) According to the European Commission list



In the following table are presented the municipal waste generation indices for 1999-2003, using the data from table 2.2-2. The generation index presents an ununiform variation, which is explained through the fact that the reports have been based on estimations and not on real data. It can be seen that the municipal waste generation index in 2003 (283 kg/inh.year) is smaller than the national average index for municipal waste (364 kg/inh.year according to Eurostat report). This can be explained through the fact that the rural population represents approximately 60% of the total population of Region 1.

Table 2.2-4: Municipal waste generation indices per year

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Household waste and similar waste (kg/inh./year)*

222 229 266 282 283

* Total municipal waste generated (point 1 from table 2.2-2) divided by the Region’s or a County’s population, 1999-2003

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

kg/inh.y

ear

Fig. 2.2-1: Index of municipal waste generation, Region 1

Table 2.2-5: Waste generation indices per county, 2003

Region BC BT IS NT SC VS

Household waste and similar waste (kg/inh.year)*

283 263 246 326 258 250 306

Mixt household waste collected (kg/inh.year)**

423 295 417 493 479 444 437

* Total municipal waste generated (point 1 from table 2.2-2) divided by the Region’s or a County’s population for 2003

**The mixt household waste collected (point 1.1 from table 2.2-2) divided by the Region’s or County’s population connected to the sanitation services (table 2.2-1)



0

100

200

300

400

500

600


Region 1

kg/inh.y

ear

Municipal waste generated Mixt domestic waste

Fig. 2.2-2: Index of municipal waste generated and mixed domestic waste collected

Analyzing the municipal waste generation data for 2003 in Region 1, have resulted the following:

� The quantities of household waste, mixed collected, as it can be seen from the above chart, are overestimated, except for Bacau County. The analysis has been done considering the sanitation services coverage area and considering an generation index of 0.9 kg/inh x day for urban area and of 0.4kg/inh x day for rural area;

� The market waste quantities vary from one county to the other, from 1.126 t in Iasi County to 7.699 t in Bacau County.

� The street waste quantities vary very much from one county to another, from 6.167 t in Iasi County to 24.368 t in Botosani County.

� The separate collected waste quantities also include data reported by economic agents authorized to collect recyclable waste. As for metallic waste, in Iasi county the reported quantity for 2003 is much too big (40.720 t) considering that in the region there is not yet a selective collection system. This quantity was diminished taking also in consideration the fact that part of these metallic waste declared to come from population are collected by non authorized but not entirely from population.

� The selective collection of waste is not yet implemented, there are some pilot projects in some areas, and the only quantities that are collected separately being those from collection points, Remat type. That is way the conclusion that reported data about the metal quantity represent industrial waste or construction and demolition waste has been reached.

The estimation of municipal waste generated in 2003

Taking into consideration all the above aspects and considering the statistic indexes for municipal waste generation, the quantities of municipal waste generated in 2003 have been estimated. This way, the generated and uncollected waste quantity was calculated using the not-connected to sanitation services population and using a generation index of 0,9 kg/inh x day in urban area and of 0,4 kg/ inh x day in rural area. These indexes were recommended by NEPA and MEWM.



The estimated quantities for waste generation in 2003 are the basis for the generation prognosis for 2004-2013.

Table 2.2 - 6: Municipal waste generation for 2003 based on estimations

Types of waste Waste code

Region BC BT IS NT SV VS

TONE 1 Municipal waste

(household waste and similar from commerce, industry, institutions), out of which:

20 05 01 1.055.556 216.686 133.600 238.320 156.750 182.200128.000

1.1 Mixed household waste 20 03 01 399.000 89.000 46.000 110.000 56.000 54.000 44.000

1.2 Commercial, industrial and institutional waste similar to household waste

20 03 01 148.000 28.000 13.500 32.500 16.800 16.000 13.500

1.3 Separate collected waste 20 03 01 29.266 1.966 4.000 6.500 4.500 8.600 3.700

1.4 Bulky waste 20 03 07 5.510 3.090 1.500 920 0 0 0

1.5 Park and garden waste 20 02 20.180 6.130 4.700 2.100 3.850 2.400 1.000

1.6 Market waste 20 03 02 14.600 3.500 2.900 2.000 2.400 2.000 1.800

1.7 Street waste 20 03 03 44.700 12.000 8.000 4.300 6.200 7.200 7.000

1.8 Generated but uncollected waste

20 01 15 01

422.000 73.000 53.000 80.000 67.000 92.000 57.000

Table 2.2-5 Separately collected fractions, 2003

Types of waste

Waste code Region BC BT IS NT SV VS

1.3 Separate collected waste out of that:

29.266 1.966 4.000 6.500 4.500 8.600 3.700

1.3.1 Paper and cardboard

20 03 01 14.489 905 2.130 2.900 2.133 5.335 1.086

1.3.2 Glass 20 01 02 15 01 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.3.3 Plastic 20 01 39 15 01 02 145 61 17 0 25 28 14

1.3.4 Metals 20 01 40 15 01 04 14.632 1.000 1.853 3.600 2.342 3.237 2.600

1.3.5 Wood 20 01 38 15 01 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.3.6 Biodegradable 20 01 08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3.7 Others 20 01 15 01

0 0 0 0 0 0 0



Table 2.2-8 County generation indicators, 2003

Indicators Region 1 BC BT IS NT SV VS

Municipal waste generated (kg/inh.year)*

282 299 290 292 274 258 276

Mixed household waste collected (kg/inh.year)**

314 294 332 333 293 316 321

*total municipal waste generated (point 1 in table 2.2-6) divided by region or county population for 2003 ** Mixed collected household waste (point 1.1 tables 2.2-6) divided by region or county population connected to sanitation services (table 2.2-1).

Fig. 2.2.-3: Municipal waste generation indicators

Composition of household waste

The average household waste structure for Region 1, both for rural and urban areas, has been estimated based on the information in the statistic investigation questionnaires submitted by the sanitation operators. There is a series of studies on this subject for urban areas, but for rural areas there are no real data to confirm the estimations.

Table 2.2-9 Estimated composition of household waste Share (%)

Type Urban area (%) Rural area (%)

Paper and cardboard 11 9

Glass 5 4

Plastic 10 6.5

Metal 5 4

Textile 4 3

Biodegradable waste 51 62

Others 14 11.5

TOTAL 100 100

Source: Landfill operators

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


kg/inh.Xyear



2.2.2 Collection and transport of municipal waste

The settlements’ sanitation service (pre collection, collection, transport and landfilling of municipal waste) is done with the control, conduction or coordination of the local public authorities.

The sanitation activity can be done by:

� Direct management by the authorities of the local public administration, through specialized departments organized within the local council or

� Delegated management - when the authorities of the local public administration may turn to the services of one or more public service operators to perform the services to whom they give (on the basis of a contract to delegate the management) the actual management of services, as well as the administration and exploitation of the technical-town public systems needed in order to perform the activities.

The municipal waste transport and collection activities in the region are organized differentially depending on: the size of the settlement, number of serviced people, endowment, type of property.

2.2.2.1 Organization of waste collection on regional revel

At the regional level, in 2003, the population covered with sanitation services represent 33, 9% from the total number of inhabitants, in the urban areas the coverage degree being 78.1% while in the rural areas is only 3.5%. At present, all the municipalities have Sanitary Services Operators. The Sanitary Services Operators invoice and collect fees from households for waste removal. Fees are generally set by the number of inhabitants per household or bin removal number.

In rural areas the sanitations services are not very well organized, there being only an annual fee which covers some maintenance services related to the dump site. The reports regarding the population covered with sanitation services it is estimated only.

In the table below it is summarized the number of inhabitants from urban and rural area which are covered with sanitation services.

Table 2.2 –10: Population serviced in the urban and rural areas, 2003

Population Population serviced Serviced urban population

Serviced rural population

County Total Urban Rural Inh. % Total Inh. % Total

urban Inh. % Total Rural

Region 1 3.743.819 1.526.398 2.216.341 1.269.728 33.9 1.191.609 78.1 78.119 3.5

BC 725.005 339.377 385.628 302.573 41.7 276.262 81.4 26.311 6.8

BT 460.825 169.452 291.373 137.949 29.9 137.949 81.4 0 0.0

IS 816.003 381.889 434.114 329.909 40.4 329.097 86.2 812 0.2

NT 572.255 214.023 358.232 191.283 33.4 153.723 71.8 37.560 10.5

SV 705.547 236.358 469.189 171.078 24.2 157.642 66.7 13.436 2.9

VS 464.185 185.866 278.510 136.936 29.5 136.936 73.7 0 0.0 Source: Romania’s Statistical Yearbook 2004 and sanitation companies

The population serviced at regional level, in 2003, was 33.9 % out of which 78,1 % in urban area and 3,5 % in rural area.



Fig. 2.2-4: Share of population covered by sanitation services

2.2.2.2 Existing sanitation companies, collection and transport equipments

The sanitation operators in the counties of the region are shown table below.

The collection and transport of municipal waste is organized in a variety of ways, according to the size of the settlement, the number of people covered, the equipment available, and the operator’s ownership.

In rural areas, municipalities generally operate their own communal sanitary services and the used equipment is rustic and operations simple.

Table 2.2-11: Sanitation operators according to ownership type Ownership type / Ownership type code Region

/ County 100% state

owned

Majority state

owned

Majority privately-owned

100%privately

owned – domestic capital

100% privately owned –

mixed capital

Public company of local interest

Total sanitation operators

10 20 25 30 50 70

Region 1 6 5 1 8 0 36 56

Bacău 2 - - 2 - 8 12

Botoşani - - - - - 4 4

Iaşi - - - 1 - 4 5

Neamţ - 4 - - - - 4

Suceava 2 - 1 5 - 18 26

Vaslui 2 1 - - - 1 4 Source: Sanitation units, local authorities

Table 2.2-12: Sanitation operators including the coverage area, 2003 Coverage area Location of

sanitation services Name Connected localities

Number of connected inh

% inh. Connected out

of the total county inh.

BC – urban area

8 276.262 38,1

BACĂU SC SOMA SA 175.500 24,2

Share of population covered by sanitation services,

2003

Population without

sanitation services

Urban populationcovered with

sanitationservices

Rural Population Covered with

sanitation services



ONEŞTI SC SERVSAL SA 39.284 5,42 BUHUŞI Communal management

public department 10.500 1,45

TÂRGU OCNA Communal management public department

8.500 1,17

COMĂNEŞTI SC COMUNAL SERVICE SA 12.720 1,75 MOINEŞTI SC PREST SERV SA 14.095 1,94 SLĂNIC MOLDOVA

Communal management public department

4.996 0,69

DĂRMĂNEŞTI Communal management public department

10.667 1,47

BC – rural area

4 26.311 3,63

Bacău county 12 302.573 41,73 BT – urban area

4 137.949 29,94

BOTOŞANI SC URBAN SERV SA Botoşani municipality 100.949 21,91 DOROHOI - SC GOSCOM SA Dorohoi

- Dorohoi local council –public services department

Town of Dorohoi 28.900 6,27

DARABANI - SC DACATERM SA Darabani - Darabani local council –public management service

Town of Darabani

5.100 1,11

SĂVENI Săveni local council –public management service

Town of Săveni 3.000 0,65

Rural area 0 0 0

Botoşani county

4

137.949 29,94

IS - urban area

5 329.097 40,33

IAŞI SALUBRIS SA.Iaşi 90% of Iasi population plus 87903 floting persons (students) served at 100% percentage.

282.097 *) 34,57

IAŞI COMSAL RECYCLING SRL. Iaşi

*) -

PAŞCANI RAGCL PAŞCANI – communal management service

Urban area of Pascani municipality 28.000 1,53

TÂRGU FRUMOS

TERMOSERV SA Tg. Frumos

Târgu Frumos 12.500 0,8

HÂRLĂU Hârlau local council– public sanitation service

Hârlău and a suburban settlement Parcovici (812 inh serviced)

6500 0,1

IS – rural area

1

812 0,1

Total Iaşi county

6 329.909 40,43

NT – urban area

4 153.723 26,86

PIATRA NEAMŢ

SALUBRITAS SA Piatra Neamţ

Piatra Neamţ and 10 neighbouring rural settlements (27.000 inh serviced ):

98.000 17,13

ROMAN ACVASERV SRL Roman Roman 37.423 6,54 TÂRGU NEAMŢ

ACVATERM SA Tg. Neamţ Tg. Neamţ and 3 neighbouring settlements (10.000 inh serviced)

11.000 1,92

BICAZ ACVA BICAZ SA Bicaz Bicaz and 1 neighbouring settlement (560 inh serviced): Taşca

7.300 1,28

NT – rural area

- 37.560 6,56

Total Neamţ county

4 191.283 33,43



SV – urban area

15 157.642.142 22,34

SUCEAVA SC PSIP SA Suceava Suceava 56.000 7,94 SUCEAVA SC DIAŞIL SERVICE SRL Suceava 15.400 2,48 SUCEAVA SC TEST PRIMA SRL Suceava 11.500 1,63 SUCEAVA SC ROSAL GRUP SRL –

Suceava Subsidiary

Suceava (street cleaning

)

SUCEAVA Suceava local council Suceava Green spaces RĂDĂUŢI SC SERVICII COMUNALE

SA Rădăuţi, partially Dorneşti and Milişăuţi (5000 inh serviced )

19.500 2,76

RĂDĂUŢ Rădăuţi local council Rădăuţi - FĂLTICENI SC GOSCOM SA Fălticeni 20.000 2,83 FĂLTICENI Fălticeni local council Fălticeni Green areas - VATRA DORNEI

SC Gospodărie Orăşenească SA

Vatra Dornei 6.000 0,85

VATRA DORNEI

Vatra Dornei local council Vatra Dornei 2.500 0,35

CÂMPULUNG Câmpulung local council Câmpulung 7.751 1,1 GURA HUMORULUI

Gura Humorului local council Gura Humorului (street cleaning)

GURA HUMORULUI

SC TRUST NORD SA Gura Humorului 9.633 1,37

SIRET Siret local council Siret 9.358 1,33 SV – rural area

11 13.436 4,17

Total Suceava county

26 171.078 24,24

VS – urban area

4 136.936 29,5

NEGREŞTI Department of public service Negreşti 4.000 2,92 VASLUI GOSCOM SA Vaslui Vaslui 47.750 34,8 HUŞI Local public sanitation

service Huşi

30.416 22,21

BÂRLAD R.A.G.C.L. Bârlad Bârlad 54.770 40 VS – rural area

0 0 0

Total Vaslui county

4 136.936 29,5

Urban: 1.191.609 31,83

Rural: 95.553 2,55

TOTAL Region 1 NE

TOTAL 1.287.162 34,38

Equipment of sanitation operators

In the following is presented the equipment of the existing sanitation operator at both county levels, in means of collection of household waste and of transport.

Table 2.2-13: Equipments for the collection of unsorted household waste, 2003

Container type (number) Bins (0.1-0.2 m

3)

Containers (4 – 5 m

3)

Euro containers (1.1 – 1.2m

3)

Others Total volume (m

3)

Specific capacity m

3 /

inhabitant

Region 1 9.521 3.111 4.200 9.590 2.823.469 4,828 Bacău 5983 618 1895 - 1216444 1,678 Botoşani 150 284 304 - 195255 0,424 Iaşi 1592 1024 1451 431 731 293 0,896 Neamţ 1229 390 96 3790 260339 1,108 Suceava 376 553 245 5360 248717 0,353 Vaslui 191 278 209 9 171421 0,369 Source: Sanitation operators



Table 2.2-14: Endowment for separately collected household waste, 2003 Container type

County Bins (0,12-0,24

m3) plastic, metal

Containers (1,67-2 m3)

Euro Containers (1,1-1,2 m3)

Fenced collection

points

Total volume

(m3)

Capacity (m3/inh)

Region 1 11 97 250 89 43.184 0,0012 Bacău - 3 250 - 8.340 0,0115 Botoşani 11 - - - 42,2 0,000092 Iaşi - - - - - - Neamţ - 94 - - 28.236 0,049 Suceava - - - 89 6.576 0,009 Vaslui - - - - - - Source: Sanitation companies

Within the ISPA program in Piatra Neamt have been bought the needed equipment to endow 943 collection points, consisting in 660 l containers, with different colours for the sorted household waste, on 4 categories:

� green – 1107 pieces – collection of organic waste

� black – 1102 pieces – collection of residual waste

� brown – 1102 pieces – collection of paper and cardboard

� blue – 1102 pieces – collection of plastic and glass waste.

There have been also bought 60 l containers for individual households:

� green – 4994 – collection of organic waste

� black – 4999 – collection of residual waste

Table 2.2-15: Equipment available to sanitation operators for the transport of household waste in 2003

Means of transport - number

Total means of transport

Waste compactin

g trucks (m

3)

Container trucks

Tractors with

trailers

Tilt trucks Other

Number

Total average capac.

Average capacity 15 4 4 12

Region 1 NE 93 88 96 50 27 354 49,53 Bacău 23 30 16 20 - 89 13,3 Botoşani 6 9 10 4 - 29 9.59 Iaşi 21 18 16 3 11 69 12,1 Neamţ 18 9 5 3 3 38 Suceava 19 13 40 14 11 97 Vaslui 6 9 8 3 2 32 6,73

Source: Sanitation operators

Within the ISPA programme in Piatra Neamt, 23 collection vehicles were bought, that are going to be used by the new chosen sanitation operator.

� 16 compacting trucks, used volume of approximately 14 mc

� 2 special auto compactors for narrow places, 8 mc

� 1 container to pick up the vehicles from the recycling centers, equipped with a crane

� 1 van



� 1 truck for cleaning the containers

� 2 pick-ups

Waste Transfer Stations

There are at present no transfer stations within the Region.

2.2.3 Waste treatment for recovery or disposal

Sorting stations

The region has no operational sorting facilities.

Piatra Neamt municipality has a bottles sorting station, that at present is not under operation, but will start working in 2007. The bottle sorting station (sorts glass and plastic bottles) has two sorting lines, one manual and one mechanical. The capacity is of approximately 3,4 t/hour which means around 7000 t/year.

Treatment in order to collect

The economic agents of REMAT type existing in the region, buy, from natural or legal authorized persons recyclable waste (i.e. paper and cardboard, metals, plastics) that they then treat in order to recycle, then they send them to the recovery units, after a preliminary processing(sorting, shredding, pressing).

In annex 4 are presented the identification data for these units, the equipment they dispose of and the processing capacities.

Table 2.2 – 16: Waste recycling installations Company name Location License Capacity

(tonnes/year) Waste processed

BACAU County

SC LETEA SA

Str. Letea 17, Bacau Yes 5.000 Paper and cardboard

SELENA SRL Bacău

Bacău, str. Letea 17

Yes 600 140 400

PE PVC PET

BOTOSANI County

UPSS SA Botoşani Str. Eternitatii 2 Yes 750 Metallic ferrous waste, non-ferrous waste

IASI County

MOLDOPLAST SA Iaşi

Iaşi, Calea Chişinăului, nr.23, Cod 700265;

Yes 80 40 20

PE ; PVC ; PS/ABS

RANCON SRL Iaşi Iaşi, Str. G.Cosbuc , Nr.25;cod 700469

Yes 120 Metallic waste

ARCA SRL Iaşi

Aleea Sucidava, Nr.6,Bl.263,Ap.18

Yes 800 PE

INTERNAŢIONAL ROMTRANZACT SRL Iaşi

Iaşi , Str.Sf.Lazar, Nr.30, Ap10

Yes 50 Processed textile waste, mainly from animals

NEAMT County

PETROCART SA Piatra Neamţ

Piatra Neamţ Bd. Decebal, 171

Yes (integrated authorization)

25.000 Paper and cardboard

SUCEAVA County AMBRO SA Suceava

Suceava, Calea Unirii, nr.24

Yes 50.000 Paper and cardboard

SPIT BUCOVINA SA Suceava, Calea

Putna Yes Metallic waste



Unirii, nr. 25 bis FONTUR SA Suceava

Suceava, str. Traian Vuia 11A

Yes Metallic waste

SC PRESCONT SRL Fălticeni

Fălticeni, str. Armatei

Yes 250 Glass

VASLUI County MHT IZOLAŢII SRL Vaslui

Vaslui, Str.Metalurgiei 4

Yes 1.000 Paper and cardboard

CLARINPLAST SRL Vaslui

Vaslui, str. Ştefan cel Mare, nr.70

Yes 5.000 Paper and cardboard, plastic

METAREX PRODUCT SRL Bârlad

Bârlad, str.Metalurgiei 5

Yes 5.000 Metallic waste

Composting

The Region has no operational compost unit.

Piatra Neamt municipality has a composting unit that which for the time being is not under operation but will start to operate at the end of 2006 or least the beginning of 2007. The raw materials necessary for the enhancement of the composting are park and gardens waste. It is built for a capacity of approximately 25000t/year (12000 biodegradable+13000 structure components). Because of the weather conditions, the operation of the plant is possible for only 10 months a year.

Mechanical biological treatment

The Region has no mechanical-biological treatment stations.

Thermal treatment

The Region 1 has no thermal municipal waste treatment facilities only two incinerators for hazardous waste.

In Region 1 is a cement factory named CARPATCEMENT HOLDING SA –Bicaz Brach, Neamt County, which is part of the HeidelbergZement Group. Up until now for the co- incineration have been used mostly tires, because the selective collection is not yet implemented and one of the functioning conditions is to ensure a continuous flow of waste (paper, wood, plastic) for a period of minimum 3 months.

Table 2.2-17: Thermal treatment facilities Thermal

treatment facilities

Treatment type

Designed capacity

Type of waste

MONDECO SRL Suceava

Incineration 0,04 t/h 0,96 t/day

Hazardous waste

SUPERSTAR COPM SRL , Radauti

Incineration 4 t/day Waste from animal sacrifices sacrified, medical and clinic waste

CARPATCEMENT HOLDING SA –Bicaz Brach

Co-incineration 19-20 t/day Used oils and emulations Used tires paper wood plastic textile wether waste (solid fraction) wether waste (liquid fraction) waste from oil affiance



paints, clays, adhesives, solvents sludge from waste water plants and from the fabrication of paper

2.2.4 Waste disposal

At this time, most of the generated municipal waste is landfilled. At regional level, there are a number of 29 non compliant “b” class landfills in urban area and one landfill in Piatra Neamt that ceased depositing in 2005. These landfills will close down in stages, according to the Government Decision no, 349 from 21 April 2005 concerning waste disposal. The total surface occupied by these landfills is of approximately 160 ha.

Almost all the landfills are operated by municipal or city owned companies who are often the primary waste collectors. Only a fraction of the landfills actually have permits and environmental monitoring programs.

For the existing non compliant landfills, the amount of disposed waste is recorded by counting the containers entering the facility and by average weight of the waste in the containers. A great part of the existing landfills in Region 1 do not have barriers and leachate collection systems and are not designed to allow for optimized LFG recovery.

In the table below are summarized the total number of urban landfills existing in Region 1 including the date of opening and closure.

Table 2.2-18: Landfills - general data, 2003

Landfill name Type Opening/

closure date Designed

surface (ha) Capacity

Bacău - Nicolae Bălcescu b 1975 / 2009 8,0 250.000 Oneşti - Filipeşti b 1950 / 2009 2,9 174.000 Moineşti b 1976 / 2009 2,0 150.000 Comăneşti b 1978 / 2009 6,0 400.000 Buhuşi b 1974 / 2009 1,9 120.000 Târgu Ocna b 1978 / 2009 1,5 250.000 Dărmăneşti b 2000 / 2009 0,8 15.000 Total BACAU county 7 23,1 1.359.000 Botoşani b 1983 / 2012 13,75 1.700.000 Dorohoi b 1996 / 2008 2,06 500.000 Darabani b 1984 / 2014 1,93 57.840 Săveni b 1960 / 2016 1,87 45.900 Total BOTOSANI county 4 19,61 2.303.840 Iaşi – Tomeşti b 1968 / 2009 30 4.500.000 Paşcani – Valea Seacă b 1979 / 2009 3,5 1.000.000 Târgu Frumos – Adâncata b 1982 / 2012 2 370.000 Hârlău b 1962 / 2017 2 500.000 Total IASI county 4 37,5 6.370.000 Piatra Neamţ (new landfill) b 2001 / 2013 2,28 125.000 Piatra Neamţ (old landfill) b 1973 / 2005 14,6 1.300.000 Roman b 1970 / 2012 5 900.000 Târgu Neamţ b 1965 / 2012 4 250.000 Bicaz b 1962 / 2009 2 450.000 Total NEAMT county 5 27,88 3.025.000 Suceava b 1972 / 2008 10 2.000.000 Rădăuţi b 1984 / 2009 4,43 250.000 Antileşti (Fălticeni) b 1978 / 2010 2,18 168.000 Buliceni b 1980 / 2008 2 85.000 Hurghiş (Câmpulung Moldovenesc) b 1990 / 2011 2,14 115.800



Gura Humorului b 1955 / 2011 3,3 200.000 Siret b 1970 / 2008 0,8 180.000 Total SUCEAVA county 7 24,85 2.998.800 Vaslui b 1991 / 2006 5,7 399.000 Bârlad b 1968 / 2006 16 750.000 Huşi b 1952 / 2006 1,5 200.000 Negreşti b 1996 / 2009 0,3 100.000 Total VASLUI county 4 23,5 1.449.000 Total REGION 1 NE 31 156,4 17505640

Source: Landfill operators and GD 349/2005

Type:

� Landfill for hazardous waste: a � Landfill for non-hazardous waste: b � Landfill for inert waste: c � Mixt landfill (non hazardous and hazardous waste): a/b

The old landfill in Piatra Neamt ceased depositing in 2005 in line with the environmental legislative requirements. In Vaslui County there are two not complaint landfills that have ceased the depositing activity and one landfill that will cease by the end of this year.

The procedure to close the landfills will be done by the time Romania accedes to the EU in a simplified procedure, but according to art. 4 of Directive 75/442/EEC. After the integration, the landfills that will cease depositing are to be closed according to the provisions of Directive 1999/31/EEC in maximum 2 years from the cease of depositing.

Dump sites

Besides the landfills summarized above, Region 1 has around 1.423 small dump sites which do not comply with the EU standards and regulations. These are mostly wild dump sites operated by the community, located usually in rural areas. The closure date for all will be 2009 following the national targets. Before closure an Environmental audit is required in order to describe the mitigation measures. For both activities financing is requested. The total area of the landfills to be closed is not known, the calculation being made based on estimations.

Table 2.2-19: Dump sites County Number of dump sites Type Closure date Bacau 210 b 2009 Botosani 181 b 2009 Iasi 420 b 2009 Neamt 78 b 2009 Suceava 177 b 2009 Vaslui 342 b 2009 Total Region 1 1423

Source: Leap’s database

Sanitary landfill

At present, Region 1 NE has one ecologic landfill for municipal waste which is located in Piatra Neamt, Neamt County. This landfill (first cell), realized according to the provisions of the legislation in force on waste disposal, is equipped with a waterproofing system with a compacted clay layer completed with a geomembrane, geotextile and drilling layer, with a system of collection and pumping of the leachate in the wastewater treatment plant in the city. It is also equipped with a weighing machine and monitoring drilling of the quality of underground waters within the landfill perimeter. The landfill was realized with a



Danish co-financing from DEPA and finalized in 2000. The project stipulates the realizing of installations for the collection and exhaustion of the gas in the landfill. This landfill is only used for the disposal of waste collected in compacting autoscavangers.

The Piatra Neamţ City Hall, within the Financing Memorandum signed between the Romanian Government and the European Commission on the non-reimbursable financial assistance through the Instrument for Structural Policies for the measure “Programme for the Waste Management in Piatra Neamt”, has the possibility of working out entirely the waste collection and landfilling. There has been built a new cell of the landfill, having a surface of 4,2 ha and a capacity of 300.000 cubic meters.

Table 2.2-20: Operating sanitary landfill Landfill name Settlement

covered Type Start year/

Closing year Designed surface

Designed

capacity b – first cell 2001/2008 2,28 125.000

Piatra Neamţ – Neamt County

Piatra Neamţ and 10 rural coterminous localities

b – second cell

2008/2013 4,2 300.000

The data regarding the evolution of the landfill waste quantities are summarized in the table below:

Table 2.2-21: Evolution of landfill waste quantities Quantity of disposed waste

(tonnes) County

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Available capacity,

2003 (m

3)

Bacău 193.855 146.086 15.114 184.414 175.956 438.000 Botoşani 100.766 83.695 105.728 124.541 119.742 865.000 Iaşi 16.907 177.903 183.130 196.232 222.112 1.204.800 Neamţ 128.248 128.372 146.056 140.758 141.720 1.024.714 Suceava 94.495 120.271 137.932 142.672 92.173 222.700 Vaslui 94.568 104.784 116.099 108.927 107.913 255.500 Region 1 628.839 761.111 704.059 897.544 859.616 4.010.714

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

tones

Fig. 2.2-5: Trend of the landfilled quantities of waste



3. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS

3.1 Principles

The principles underlying waste management activities, defined in the National Waste Management Strategy are listed below.

� The principle of the protection of primary resources – it is formulated in the wider context of sustainable development with an emphasis on the use of secondary raw materials

� The principle of preliminary measures means to apply the current state of technological development, correlated with environmental protection requests and feasible measures from an economic point of view.

� The prevention principle sets up a hierarchy of waste management activities starting with avoiding, minimising of disposal quantities, treatment for recovery and treatment and disposal in environmentally sound conditions.

� The polluter pays principle, correlated with the principle of producer responsibility and user responsibility requires an adequate legislative and economic framework according to which waste management cost should be covered by the waste generators.

� The substitution principle emphasis the need to replace dangerous raw materials with non- dangerous ones thus avoiding hazardous waste risings.

� The proximity principle states that the waste should be treated or disposed of as close as possible to the site where it was generated.

� The subsidiary principle states that responsibilities should be assigned to the lowest administrative level above the source of generation but based on uniform regional and national criteria.

� The integration principle states that the waste management is an integrant part of the social economic activities generating the waste.

The principles will be an integral part of the regional objectives and targets.

There is a particularity of Region 1 NE:

When choosing the alternatives for collection, treatment and disposal there must be taken into consideration, on one hand the fact that the region, from the population point of view is first as compared to the other regions, and on the other hand the fact that the population in rural area is about 60% of the total population.

When introducing collection in rural area there has to be kept in mind the local characteristics, the existing road infrastructure, the placement of the settlements from each other and from the transfer stations and the existing or designed regional landfills. The maximum distance from an economic point of view on which transport of waste between a transfer station and a regional landfill can be done is recommended to be no more than 50-60 km back and forward.

A selective collection “door to door” type would give positive results in neighbourhood with houses and gardens rather than in those with apartment buildings. In apartment buildings blocks could be set “points for voluntary collection” where the population could deposit, selectively recyclable waste.



3.2 Regional objectives and targets

Domain/ Activity

Main objectives Subsidiary objectives Targets

1.1.1 To elaborate specific normative acts, at county and local level, in accordance with the waste management policy and the national legislation, to implement an efficiently integrated waste management system, from the economical and environmental point of view. 1.1.2 To encourage local and county authorities to elaborate, together with the private sector, a common strategy in order to organize integrated management on the entire chain, from collection, selective collection, treatment until the final disposal.

1.1. To elaborate a legislative and organizational framework necessary for the implementation of a integrated waste management system

1.1.3 The awareness of decision making factors and of population that a qualified waste management is of the highest importance for the health of the population

Permanent, with periodic revisions

1.2.1 Increase the importance of legislation and its control 1.2.2. Strengthen the cooperation between institutions in order to apply the legislation

1. Policy and legislative framework

1.2. To increase efficiency of applying the legislation in waste management field

1.2.3. Increase the efficiency of institutional structures at regional/county/local level, by clear definition of their responsibilities.

Permanent Permanent



1.3.1. To inform all interested/involved factors regarding the environment protection legislation in general and of environmental protection in particular.

Permanent 1.3. To increase efficiency of applying the legislation in waste management field

1.3.2. To increase the importance of monitoring and control activities performed by the competent authorities as REPA, National Environmental Guard, APM in accordance with their responsibilities.

2.1.1. Create the conditions to increase the efficiency of the institutional structures and of the systems regarding the waste management activities.

Permanent

2. Institutional and organizational aspects

2.1. Adapt and develop the institutional and structural framework to fulfill the National and European requirements.

2.1.2. Strengthen the administrative capacity of the governmental institutions at all the levels (national, regional, county, and local), with competences and responsibilities in the enforcement of the legislation.

Permanent

3. Human resources

3.1. Ensure the human resources in terms of number and professional qualification.

3.1.1. Ensure sufficient and well-trained staff and adequate equipment at all levels in the public sector, as well as in the private sector.

Starting 2007

4. Financing of the waste management sector

4.1. Establishment and making operational economical and financial systems and mechanisms for waste management, within the context of

4.1.1. Developing a viable waste management system that will comprise all stages from collection, transport, recovery, recycling, treatment and final disposal

Permanent



4.1.2. Optimize the acquirement and the use of all available funds (environmental fund, private funds, structural funds, and others) for capital expenditures in waste management domain.

Permanent

4.1.3. Improve the waste management system by elaborating economical and financial mechanisms that will allow the organization of an integrated waste management system based on conveyable taxes for citizens that will also cover the collection, treatment and controlled depositing costs.

2007 with permanent attention

4.1.4. Encourage the use of all economical-financial mechanisms for promoting selective collection of batteries and storage batteries, of dangerous household waste, of packaging, of electric and electronic equipment and of end of life vehicles.

2007 with permanent attention

5.1.1. Increase the communication between all the stakeholders.

Permanent

5.1.2. Organize and supervise educational and awareness programmes at all levels.

Permanent

5. Awareness of the stakeholders

5.1. Promote an informing, awareness and motivating system for all the stakeholders.

5.1.3. The use of all communication channels (mass-media, web-sites, seminaries, events) to inform the public and for the awareness of certain target groups (children, young, adults, elders)

Permanent



5.1.4. To promote the waste management audits as a part of the planning, supervision and control process. For big communities and enterprises it is recommended to integrate the waste management audit in planning and control procedures.

Permanent

5.2 Public campaigns concerning the improvement of health quality

5.2.1 Informing the public on the noxious effects caused by the inadequate waste management through their uncontrolled disposal.

Permanent

6.1.1. Improve the regional/county/local system of collecting, processing, and analyzing data and information regarding waste management by using an integrated and double controlled system connected with the National Environment Guard.

Permanent

6.1.2. Improve the direct reporting through IT means, of collected data at regional level and transmit them to national level- meaning to the National Environment Protection Agency by using the entire potential of modern informatics facilities.

Permanent

6. Data and information regarding waste management

6.1. Obtain complete and accurate data and information, suited to the national and European reporting requirements.

6.1.3 Improving the validation system of the received data, the increase of responsibilities of the entire personnel involved in collection, process and data validation, including the National Environment Guar personnel’.

Permanent

7. Prevention of the waste generation

7.1. Maximize the prevention of the waste generation

7.1.1. Promote, encourage and implement the prevention principle to producers

Permanent



7.1.2. Encourage consumers to implement the waste generation prevention system.

Permanent

8.1.1. Develop a viable market for raw materials at regional level.

Permanent 8.1. Efficient use of all technical and economical possibility for waste recovery.

8.1.2. Reduce the quantity of deposited municipal waste by using optimal capacities for selection of collected waste.

Permanent

8.2.1. Increase the degree of material recovery (recycling); recycling of household waste, others than packaging.

Permanent

8. Recovering the effective potential of waste

8.2. Develop activities for the material and energetic waste recovery. .

8.2.2. Promote the energy recovery through co-incineration (Carpatcement Holding SA-Bicaz branch, Piatra Neamt County) and incineration in case the material recovery is not feasible from a technical-economical point of view.

Permanent

9.1.1. Extend the municipal waste collecting systems in urban areas- coverage area 100%.

2013

9.1.2 Extend the municipal waste collecting systems in rural areas- coverage area minimum 80%.

2009

9.1. Ensure collection capacities and transport systems adapted to the number of inhabitants and to the quantity of generated waste.

9.1.3 Modernize collection and transport systems

Permanent

9.2.1. Separate collection of hazardous waste existing in municipal waste.

Starting 2007

9. Waste collection and transport

9.2. Ensure the best options for the waste collection and transport, correlated with recycling and final depositing activities.

9.2.2. Implementing the selective collection systems for recovered materials so that to ensure the reaching of legislative objectives concerning packaging and biodegradable waste.

Permanent



9.2.3. Construction of transfer stations based on feasibility studies and correlated to the closing years of the existing landfills.

2007- 2013

10. Waste treatment

10.1. Promote the waste treatment in order to assure a rational ecological management.

10.1.1. Encourage the waste treatment in view of: - recovery (material and energetic); - reduction of the hazardous character; - reduction of the quantity of final disposed waste

Permanent

11.1.1. To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled at 75% of the total quantity (expressed gravimetric) produced in 1995.

2010

11.1.1. To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal landfilled at 50% of the total quantity (expressed gravimetric) produced in 1995.

2013

11. Biodegradable waste

11.1. Reduce the quantity of landfilled biodegradable waste

11.1.1. To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal waste deposited at 35% of the total quantity (expressed gravimetric) produced in 1995.

2016

12.1.1 Optimize the quantity of waste per packed product

Permanent 12.1 Prevent packaging waste generation

12.1.2 Create the necessary conditions for recycling packaging waste, in the sense of a good organization of selective collection

Permanent

12. Packaging waste

12.2. Recovery and recycling of packaging waste applied to the quantities of packaging introduced on the market

12.2.1 Recycling minimum 60% for paper/cardboard and minimum 50% for metal, from the weigh of each type of material contained in packaging waste.

2008



12.2.2 Recycling minimum 15% for plastic and wood, from the weigh of each type of material contained in packaging waste.

2011

12.2.3 Recovery or incineration in incineration installations with a minimum 50% energy recovery from the weigh of packaging waste.

2011

12.2.4 Recycling of minimum 55% of the total weight of packaging materials contained in packaging waste, with minimum 60% for glass and minimum 22,5 for plastic.

2013


2013


2013

12.3 Create and optimize packaging waste recycling schemes

12.3.1 Organize separate collection systems for packaging waste in order to reach the targets at the set deadlines.

Permanent

13.1.1 Separate collection of waste from construction and demolition, on dangerous and non-dangerous waste.

Starting 2007

13.1.2. Treatment of contaminated waste from construction and demolition in order to reduce the dangerous potential and to landfill in safety conditions.

Permanent

13.1.3. Create treatment and recovery capacities.

Permanent

13. Construction and demolition waste

13.1 Proper management with respecting the strategic principles and minimization of the impact on environment and health

13.1.4. Proper disposal of waste that can not be recovered

Starting 2007



14.1.1. Install special points for the collection of bulky waste from population

Starting 2007

14.1.2. Establish door to door collection schemes at set periods of time

Starting 2007

14. Bulky waste

14.1 Proper management with respecting the strategic principles and minimization of the impact on environment and health

14.1.3. Valorize the utile potential from material and energetic potential of bulky waste.

Starting 2007

15.1.1. Prevent illegal disposal and discharge of sludge in surface waters.

Permanent

15.1.2 Promote as a priority the recovery in agriculture , with respect of the law

Permanent

15. Sludge from waste water treatment plants

15.1 Proper management of sludge from waste water treatment plants

15.1.3 Promote treatment through bail/dehydration in view of co-incineration

Permanent

16.1.1 a) Collect and treat end of life vehicles that had been introduced on the market by individual producers or of whose producers have ceased the activity

Permanent

16.1.1 b) Project a system that will allow the last owner of the car to deposit it at a collection-recovery point for free – with the exception foreseen by the GD 2406/2005

Starting 2007

16.1.2 Establish at least one collection point for end of life vehicles for each of the 6 counties of Region 1 NE. Establish a collection point for end of life vehicles, in every town with more than 100.000 inhabitants.

Starting 2007

16.1.3 Extend the reuse and recycling of materials from end of life vehicles and energetic recovery of those materials that can not be recycled.

Starting 2007

16. End of life vehicles

16.1 Create and develop a collection, recovery, recycling network for end of life vehicles.

16.1.4 Reuse and recovery of at least 75% of the weight of the vehicles produced before 1.01.1980

Starting 01.01.2007



16.1.5 Reuse and recovery of at least 85% of the weight of the vehicles produced after 1.01.1980

Starting 01.01.2007

16.1.6 Reuse and recycling of at least 70% of the weight of the vehicles produced before 1.01.1980

Starting 01.01.2007

16.1.7 Reuse and recycling of at least 80% of the weight of the vehicles produced after 1.01.1980

Starting 01.01.2007

16.1.8 Reuse and recovery of at least 95% of the weight of all end of life vehicles

Starting 01.01.2015

16.1.9 Reuse and recycling of at least 85% of the weight of all end of life vehicles

Starting 01.01.2015

17.1 Establish selective collection points as follows: -1 collection point in each county -1 collection point in each town with over 100.000 inhabitants -1 collection point in each town with over 20.000 inhabitants

31.12.2005 31.12.2005 31.12.2006

17.1.2 Organize selective collection of electronic and electric equipment waste and of their components, with a target of at least: - 2 kg/inh*year - 3 kg/inh*year - 4 kg/inh*year

31.12.2006 31.12.2007 31.12.2008

17. Electronic and electric equipment

17.1 Separate collection, reuse, recycling and recovery

17.1.3 Encourage and facilitate reuse, recycling of electronic and electric equipment waste and of their components and materials that make them

Permanent

18. Hazardous waste from municipal waste

18.1Implementing the services for collection and transport of dangerous waste

18.1.1 Information and encouragement of citizens in order to collect separately the dangerous components of household waste

Starting 2007



18.1.2 Set collection points for dangerous household waste

Starting 2007

18.2.1 Treatment of dangerous waste for recycling and reuse in technological process

Starting 2007 18.2 Disposal of dangerous waste in a rational ecological way

18.2.2. Ensure the capacities and installations according to the European standards

Starting 2007

19.1.1 Cease of activity of the 29 non-compliant “b” class landfills from urban area

In stages, until 2007, according t the GD 349/2005

19.1.2 Closure and post-closure monitoring of non-compliant landfills

Correlated with the cease of activity

19.1.3 Closure and sanitation of all depositing spaces in rural area

Until 16th July 2016

19. Waste disposal

19.1 Waste disposal in accordance with the legislation requirements in this field in order to protect the health of the population and the environment

19.1.4 Ensure the necessary capacities for waste disposal by promoting, primarily disposal installations at area level

Permanent



4. PROGNOSIS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE AND PACKAGING WASTE

4.1 Evolution trend of the relevant factors for municipal and packaging waste generation

Evolution of population

One of the relevant factors influencing the total generated municipal waste quantity is the demographic evolution.

The study „Projection of population by areas for the period 2004-2005”, elaborated by the National Institute for Statistics in 2006, highlights the evolution of the population magnitude and structure by populated areas and by regions, utilizing four scenarios: a constant, a medium, an optimistic and a pessimistic option. Defining the projection scenarios has been based on recent trends of demographic phenomena in urban and rural area, for each region.

For the calculation of the municipal waste generation the medium option has been taken into account, as for the population prognosis scenario.

Table 4-1: Population prognosis, Region 1 – medium option

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Urban 1.526.398 1.629.448 1.619.345 1.609.305 1.599.328 1.589.412

Rural 2.217.421 2.109.153 2.110.800 2.112.489 2.114.179 2.115.870

Total 3.743.819 3.738.600 3.730.145 3.721.794 3.713.506 3.705.282

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Urban 1.579.558 1.569.764 1.560.032 1.599.328 1.540.747

Rural 2.117.563 2.119.257 2.120.952 2.114.179 2.124.347

Total 3.697.120 3.689.021 3.680.984 3.713.506 3.665.094

Source: „Projection of population by areas for the period 2004-2005”, INS, 2006

Rate of area covered by waste management services

The estimation of the evolution of the rate of area covered by waste management services has been realized on the basis of data from 2003 and considering the objectives to be reached in 2009, according to the provisions of art. 3, (7) of HG 349/2005 regarding waste landfills. It is foreseen that the waste dump sites in the rural area have to be rehabilitated by 16th July 2009, through remediation and by reintroducing them into the natural cycle or by closure. This implicitly means that in the rural area to this date, a waste collection system assuring transport to transfer stations or to the most appropriate authorized landfills has to exist. Therefore MEWM and NEPA proposed the targets regarding the rate of areas covered by waste management services in 2009 to be of: minimum 80% in the rural area. Considering that in 2003, for Region 1 NE, the sanitation service coverage area was of 4%, it means that by 2009 the growth must be of 76%.

The estimations concerning the prognosis of the sanitation services coverage area needed for the calculation of the generation/collection of household waste prognosis, have been determined considering the investments that are to be done at Region 1’s level.



Table 4-2: Estimation of the evolution of the rate of areas covered by waste management services

Rate of areas covered by waste management services (%) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Urban 78 79 80 82 84 87 90 93 96 99 100 Rural 4 10 20 30 40 60 80 85 90 95 100 Total 34 40 46 52 59 72 84 88 93 97 100

Determination of the generated packaging waste quantities in the region in 2002

The prognosis of generated packaging waste is calculated on the basis of data from 2002, which has also been the basis for the elaboration of the Implementation Plan for Directive 94/62/EC regarding packaging and packaging waste, amended by Directive 2004/12/EC.

According to the estimations of the Implementation Plan in 2002, at national level a total quantity of 1.150.000 t of packaging waste has been generated, corresponding to a quantity of 850.000 t of packaging introduced on the market.

Since for 2002 at national level there is no data, the determination of the generated packaging waste quantities at regional level has been realized on the basis of the following factors:

� The population of each region in 2002;

� Monetary expenditures of the population by region for the acquisition of goods and services. It has been considered that generated packaging waste is directly proportional to the acquisition of goods and services by the population.

Table 4-3: Generated packaging waste quantities in each region in 2002

Region Population Total expenditure (lei/inh. x month)

Share of monetary

expenditure related to packaged

products (%)

Monetary expenditure related to packaged products (lei/inh. x month)

Quantity of generated packaging

waste in 2002 (tonnes)

1 3.674.367 2.559.347 51,5 1.318.064 159.875

2 2.848.219 2.751.383 56,2 1.546.277 145.386 3 3.379.406 2.533.570 55,0 1.393.464 155.453 4 2.330.792 2.558.275 47,9 1.225.414 94.286 5 1.958.648 2.808.452 62,2 1.746.857 112.947 6 2.740.064 2.970.463 58,7 1.743.662 157.720

7 2.523.021 2.905.224 58,5 1.699.556 141.553

8 2.226.457 3.502.610 71,0 2.486.853 182.779 Source: Statistical yearbook for Romania, 2003, data regarding population, total expenditure and monetary expenditure

4.2 Prognosis of municipal waste generation

The prognosis of generated municipal waste has been realized starting from the estimated data for 2003 (outlined in chapter 2 – Existing situation) and considering an annual increase of 0,8%. The annual increase of 0,8% for generated municipal waste, in principle determined on the basis of the GDP prognosis, has been used for the calculation of the prognosis in the National Waste Management Plan.

The calculation of the annually generated municipal waste quantities has been realized as follows:



� Mixed collected household waste from the population – the quantity has been calculated depending on the area (urban and rural) on the basis of the prognosis of the population, of the rate of areas covered by waste management services and of the generation indicator. For the generation indicator an annual increase of 0,8% has been considered, taking into account that in 2003 the generation indicator for the urban area has been 0,9 kg/inhabitant x year and for the rural area 0,4 kg/inhabitant x year;

� Similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions – the quantity has been calculated starting from the estimated quantity for 2003 and considering an annual increase of 0,8%. The quantity for 2003 represents both mixed and separately collected waste. It has been considered that the total quantity of separately collected waste represents similar waste, because in 2003 no separate waste collection system for the population had been implemented;

� Garden and park waste, market waste and street waste - the quantity has been calculated starting from the estimated quantity for 2003 and considering an annual increase of 0,8;

� Generated and not collected household waste – the quantity has been calculated depending on the area (urban and rural) on the basis of the prognosis for the total population in the regions, the population not connected to waste management services and the generation indicator. For the generation indicator an annual increase of 0,8% has been considered, taking into account that in 2003 the generation indicator for the urban area has been 0,9 kg/inhabitant x day and for the rural area 0,4 kg/inhabitant x day.

In the following table is presented the prognosis of the municipal waste quantities to be generated.



Table 4-4: Prognosis of municipal waste generation

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1.

Municipal waste (household waste and similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions, out of which:

1.050.046 1.080.834 1.086.353 1.091.918 1.097.525 1.103.172 1.108.861 1.114.592 1.120.365 1.126.180 1.132.039

1.1 Mixed collected household waste from the population, out of which:

399.000 457.289 495.026 538.752 583.078 665.593 749.308 785.166 821.391 857.986 883.995

Urban 386.050 426.249 432.400 443.986 455.611 472.709 489.865 507.080 524.354 541.686 548.116

Rural 12.950 31.040 62.625 94.765 127.467 192.884 259.443 278.086 297.037 316.300 335.880

1.2 + 1.3

Similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions (collected mixed and separately)

149.566 150.763 151.969 153.184 154.410 155.645 156.890 158.145 159.411 160.686 161.971

1.5 Garden and park waste

20.180 20.341 20.504 20.668 20.834 21.000 21.168 21.338 21.508 21.680 21.854

1.6 Market waste

14.600 14.717 14.835 14.953 15.073 15.193 15.315 15.437 15.561 15.685 15.811

1.7 Street waste

44.700 45.058 45.418 45.781 46.148 46.517 46.889 47.264 47.642 48.023 48.408

1.8 Generated and not collected waste, of which:

422.000 392.667 358.602 318.580 277.983 199.224 119.290 87.241 54.852 22.119 0

urban

110.313 113.307 108.100 97.460 86.783 70.635 54.429 38.167 21.848 5.472 0

rural

311.687 279.360 250.502 221.119 191.200 128.589 64.861 49.074 33.004 16.647 0



Prognosis of generated biodegradable municipal waste

Definition of biodegradable municipal waste

The targets foreseen in Directive 1999/31/EC and in HG 349/2005 refer to biodegradable municipal waste.

Directive 1999/31/EC and HG 349/2005 on the landfilling of waste defines the following:

� Municipal waste means „waste from households, as well as other waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from households”;

� Biodegradable waste means “any waste that undergoes anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as food and garden waste, paper and cardboard”.

� Cardboard”. European and national legislation does not define biodegradable municipal waste. Though, by combining these two definitions the following definition may result: biodegradable municipal waste means biodegradable waste from households, as well as other biodegradable waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to biodegradable waste from household.

Therefore, biodegradable municipal waste represents the biodegradable fraction of mixed collected household and similar waste, as well the biodegradable fraction of separately collected municipal waste, including garden and park waste, market waste, street waste and bulky waste.

According to the report of the European Environment Agency “The management of biodegradable municipal waste” from 2002, the biodegradable fraction of municipal waste represents: food and garden waste, paper and cardboard, textiles, wood, as well as other biodegradable waste contained in collected waste.

Prognosis of generated biodegradable municipal waste

For the determination of the generated biodegradable municipal waste quantities the shares presented in the following table have been used.

Table 4-5: Share of biodegradable waste in municipal waste

Share of biodegradable

waste (%) Remarks

Household waste from the population:

Urban, out of which: 62

food and garden waste 51

paper+cardboard; wood 11

Rural, of which: 71

food and garden waste 62

paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 9

According to the composition of household waste at regional level (data resulting from measurements)

Similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions (collected mixed and separately)

60 estimated

Garden and park waste 90 estimated

Market waste 80 estimated Street waste 20 estimated

On the basis of generated municipal waste and taking into account the above mentioned shares the biodegradable municipal waste quantities have been estimated.



Table 4-6: Prognosis of generated biodegradable municipal waste

Quantity of biodegradable waste (tonnes)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1. Total quantity of biodegradable waste from municipal waste, out of which:

666.759 684.458 688.017 691.606 695.222 698.864 702.534 706.231 709.955 713.707 717.488

Biodegradable waste out of mixed collected household waste from population, of which:

248.545 286.313 312.552 342.555 372.980 430.027 487.921 511.831 535.996 560.419 578.306

Urban 239.351 264.274 268.088 275.271 282.479 293.080 303.716 314.390 325.099 335.845 339.832

food and garden waste 196.886 217.387 220.524 226.433 232.362 241.082 249.831 258.611 267.420 276.260 279.539

paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 42.466 46.887 47.564 48.838 50.117 51.998 53.885 55.779 57.679 59.585 60.293 Rural 9.194 22.038 44.464 67.283 90.501 136.947 184.205 197.441 210.896 224.573 238.475 food and garden waste 8.029 19.245 38.828 58.755 79.029 119.588 160.855 172.413 184.163 196.106 208.245

1.1

paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 1.165 2.794 5.636 8.529 11.472 17.360 23.350 25.028 26.733 28.467 30.229 1.2 + 1.3

Biodegradable waste from similar waste from commerce, industry, institutions (collected mixed and separately)

89.740 90.458 91.181 91.911 92.646 93.387 94.134 94.887 95.646 96.412 97.183

1.5 Biodegradable waste out of garden and park waste 18.162 18.307 18.454 18.601 18.750 18.900 19.051 19.204 19.357 19.512 19.668

1.6 Biodegradable waste out of market waste 11.680 11.773 11.868 11.963 12.058 12.155 12.252 12.350 12.449 12.548 12.649

1.7 Biodegradable waste out of street waste 8.940 9.012 9.084 9.156 9.230 9.303 9.378 9.453 9.528 9.605 9.682

Biodegradable waste from generated and not collected waste, out of which: 289.692 268.596 244.878 217.420 189.558 135.092 79.797 58.506 36.979 15.212 0

Urban 68.394 70.250 67.022 60.425 53.805 43.793 33.746 23.664 13.546 3.392 0

food and garden waste 56.260 57.786 55.131 49.705 44.259 36.024 27.759 19.465 11.143 2.791 0

paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 12.134 12.464 11.891 10.721 9.546 7.770 5.987 4.198 2.403 602 0 Rural 221.298 198.345 177.856 156.995 135.752 91.298 46.051 34.843 23.433 11.820 0 food and garden waste 193.246 173.203 155.311 137.094 118.544 79.725 40.214 30.426 20.463 10.321 0

1.8

paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 28.052 25.142 22.545 19.901 17.208 11.573 5.837 4.417 2.970 1.498 0

60

Figure Fig. 4-1: Share of biodegradable municipal waste types, 2010

4.3 Prognosis of generated packaging waste

The prognosis of generated packaging waste has been realized by considering an annual increase of 10% for the period 2003-2006, of 7% for the period 2007-2009 and of 5% for 2010-2013. These indicators for the increase have been stabilized together with representatives of MEWM, NEPA and ARAM on the basis of the increase of the indicators for retail commerce, on the basis of the reports regarding packaging and packaging waste.

Table 4-7: Prognosis of generation of packaging waste 10 %/year increase 7 %/year increase 5 %/year increase

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Reg. 1 159.904 175.895 193.484 212.833 234.116 250.504 268.039 286.802 301.142 316.199 332.009 348.610

România 1.150.000 1.265.000 1.391.500 1.530.650 1.683.715 1.801.575 1.927.685 2.062.623 2.165.754 2.274.042 2.387.744 2.507.133

According to the reports regarding packaging and packaging waste (database NEPA) the structure of the type of material for packaging introduced to the market, as well for generated packaging waste, is the following:

� Paper and cardboard 26,5 %;

� Plastic 30,0 %;

� Glass 20,0 %;

� Metal 11,75 %;

� Wood 11,75 %.

Biodegradable waste Out of garden and

Parck waste 2%

Biodegradable waste out of street waste

4% Biodegradable waste Out of uncollected generated waste

In ruralareas2%

Biodegradable waste Out of similar waste

17%

\biodegradable waste Out of market waste

1%

Biodegradable waste Out of mixt collectes

Household waste in Rural areas

20%

Biodegradable waste Out of mixt collected household

Waste in urban areas

54%

Regional Waste Management Plan Region 1 North East

December 19th, 2006

61

Table 4-8: Prognosis of generated packaging waste, by type of material

Packaging waste quantity (tons)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total 159.875 175.863 193.449 212.794 234.074 250.459 267.991 286.750 301.088 316.142 331.949 348.546

P+C 42.367 46.604 51.264 56.390 62.030 66.372 71.018 75.989 79.788 83.778 87.966 92.365

Plastic 47.963 52.759 58.035 63.838 70.222 75.138 80.397 86.025 90.326 94.843 99.585 104.564

Glass 31.975 35.173 38.690 42.559 46.815 50.092 53.598 57.350 60.218 63.228 66.390 69.709

Metal 18.785 20.664 22.730 25.003 27.504 29.429 31.489 33.693 35.378 37.147 39.004 40.954

Wood 18.785 20.664 22.730 25.003 27.504 29.429 31.489 33.693 35.378 37.147 39.004 40.954

According to data from the data base regarding packaging and packaging waste and to statistic data of European countries, 60% of the quantity of packaging waste is from population and 40% from industry, commerce and institutions.

In 2003, the National Research and Development Institute for Environmental Protection – ICIM Bucharest has realized, at the Romanian Packaging and Environmental Association’s request a study concerning the proportion of packaging waste in household waste. Knowing the proportion, on type of material for packaging waste in the total of household waste, there can be determined the structure of packaging waste out of household waste.

Table 4-1: The weight on material type o packaging waste in household waste

The weight on material type o packaging waste in household

waste (%)

The structure of packaging waste found in household waste

(%) Paper and cardboard 3,2 22,10 Plastic 7,1 48,52 Glass 3,0 20,49 Metal 1,3 8,89 Wood 0 0,00 Total 14,6 100,00 Source: ARAM, based on the studies carried out by ICIM

Knowing the structure of packaging waste found in household waste, and knowing that 60% of the packaging waste are found in household waste and that 40% in similar to household waste from industry, commerce and institutions, the quantities of packaging waste on type of material resulted from population, and industry, commerce and institutions are determined.

Table 4-2: Prognosis on the packaging waste generation from population

Quantity of packaging waste (tonnes)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total 95.925 105.518 116.069 127.676 140.444 150.275 160.795 172.050 180.653 189.685 199.169 209.128

Paper/cardboard

21.203 23.324 25.656 28.222 31.044 33.217 35.542 38.030 39.931 41.928 44.024 46.226

Plastic 46.539 51.193 56.312 61.943 68.137 72.907 78.010 83.471 87.645 92.027 96.628 101.459

Glass 19.656 21.621 23.784 26.162 28.778 30.793 32.948 35.254 37.017 38.868 40.811 42.852

Metal 8.527 9.380 10.318 11.350 12.485 13.359 14.294 15.295 16.059 16.862 17.705 18.591

Wood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


December 19th, 2006

62

Based on the population prognosis, the generation indicators for packaging waste resulted from population are determined

Table 4-11: Generation indicators for packaging waste from population

Generation indicators for packaging waste from population (kg/inhabitant x year)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

P+C 6 7 8 9 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 13 Plastic 15 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 Glass 6 7 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 Metal 2,8 3 3,3 3,6 4 4,1 4,4 4,6 4,8 5 Total 31 34 37,3 41,1 44 46,1 49,4 51,6 53,8 57,5

Table 4-12: Prognosis concerning the generation of packaging waste from industry, commerce and institutions

4.4 Quantifying the targets

4.4.1 Quantifying the targets for biodegradable municipal waste

Directive 1999/31/EC and HG 349/2005 on landfilling of waste has the following provisions for biodegradable municipal waste:

(a) not later than five years after 16th July 2001 biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reduced to 75 % of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable municipal waste produced in 1995;

(b) not later than eight years after 16th July 2001 biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reduced to 50 % of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable municipal waste produced in 1995;

(c) not later than 15 years after 16th July 2001 biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reduced to 35 % of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable municipal waste produced in 1995.

Directive 1999/31/EC on landfilling of waste provides for member states in which in 1995 or a previous year for which standardised EUROSTAT data is available, more


2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total 63.950 70.345 77.380 85.118 93.630 100.184 107.196 114.700 120.435 126.457 132.780 139.418

Paper/cardboard

21.164 23.280 25.608 28.169 30.986 33.155 35.476 37.959 39.857 41.850 43.942 46.139

Plastic 1.424 1.566 1.723 1.895 2.085 2.231 2.387 2.554 2.682 2.816 2.957 3.104

Glass 12.319 13.551 14.906 16.397 18.037 19.299 20.650 22.096 23.200 24.360 25.578 26.857

Metal 10.258 11.284 12.412 13.653 15.019 16.070 17.195 18.398 19.318 20.284 21.299 22.363

Wood 18.785 20.664 22.730 25.003 27.504 29.429 31.489 33.693 35.378 37.147 39.004 40.954


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than 80% of collected municipal waste has gone to landfills, to postpone the fulfillment of the targets set out in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) for a period which cannot exceed four years.

In the Implementation Plan for Directive 1999/31/EC on landfilling of wastes is mentioned that Romania does not request a transition period for the fulfillment of the target regarding the diversion of quantities of biodegradable waste. In order to meet the targets set out in art. 5(2) (a) and (b) of the Directive Romania will apply the provisions of paragraph 3 of art. 5(2) regarding the option to postpone the fulfillment of the targets by conceding a grace period of 4 years, until 16th July 2010 and respectively until 16th July 2013. The third target will be attained at the date set out in the Directive, i.e. 16th July 2016.

According to the Implementation Plan the total quantity of generated biodegradable municipal waste in Romania in 1995 has been of 4,8 million tonnes, of which 800.932 tonnes in Region 1 North-East.

In the following table the quantities of biodegradable municipal waste that has to be diverted from landfills in 2010 and 2013 are presented, according to those presented before.

Table 4-13: Quantifying the targets for biodegradable municipal waste

2010 2013 Quantity of generated biodegradable municipal waste (tonnes)

706.231

717.488

Maximum quantity of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills (tonnes) 600.699 400.466

Quantity of biodegradable municipal waste that has to be diverted from landfills (tonnes)

105.532

317.022

4.4.2 Quantifying the targets for packaging waste

Romania has obtained derogation from the provisions of article 6 of Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste, amended by Directive 2004/12/EC. In the following table objectives for recycling and recovery or incineration with energy recovery are presented, according to the accession treaty of Romania. For the objectives for the recycling of paper and cardboard and metals, Romania asked for no derogation. The targets for packaging waste are reported to the total quantity of packaging waste generated the corresponding year.

Table 4-14:Targets for recycling/recovery of packaging waste according to the implementation plan

Targets for recycling/recovery (%) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Paper + cardboard 60 Plastic 8 10 11 12 14 16 18 22,5 Glass 21 22 32 38 44 48 54 60 Metal 50 Wood 4 5 7 9 12 15 Total recycling 26 28 33 38 42 46 50 55

Total recovery 32 34 40 45 48 53 57 60

Source: Accession Treaty for Romania


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On the basis of the forecasted generated packaging waste quantities by type of material (chapter 4.3) the targets for recycling and recovery are quantified.

According to these estimations:

• in 2008 a total quantity of 107.000 t of packaging waste has to be recovered (about 40%), out of which at least about 88.000 t have to be recycled,

• in 2011 a total quantity of 144.000 t of packaging waste has to be recovered (more than 50%), out of which at least about 126.000 t have to be recycled,

• and in 2013 a total quantity of 209.000 t of packaging waste has to be recovered (about 60%), out of which at least about 191.000 t have to be recycled.

Table 4-15: Quantified targets for packaging waste, total and by type of material


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

P+C 42.611

Plastic 5.618 7.514 8.844 10.323 12.646 15.175 17.925 23.527

Glass 9.831 11.020 17.151 21.793 26.496 30.350 35.850 41.826

Metal 15.744

Wood 1.100 1.471 2.204 3.032 4.245 5.572 5.851 6.143

Total recycling

60.859 70.129 88.437 108.965 126.457 145.425 165.975 191.701

Total recovery

74.904 85.156 107.196 129.038 144.522 167.555 189.211 209.128


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5. SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS

5.1 Hazardous waste as part of municipal waste

Hazardous waste, as part of the household waste and similar waste to the household waste, is not collected separately, at present. This waste can affect the biological process in landfills, the leachate treatment and finally it might pollute the groundwater.

The types of hazardous waste from municipal waste, and the specific waste code, according to the European Waste List, are presented in the following table.

Table 5-1: Municipal hazardous waste

Waste code

Type of waste

20 01 13* Solvents 20 01 14* Acids 20 01 15* Alkalis 20 01 17* Photochemicals 20 01 19* Pesticides 20 01 21* Fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste

20 01 23* Discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons

20 01 26* Oil and fat other than those mentioned in 20 01 25

20 01 27* Paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing dangerous substances

20 01 29* Detergents containing dangerous substances

20 01 31* Cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines

20 01 33* Batteries and accumulators included in 16 06 01, 16 06 02 or 16 06 03 and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing these batteries

20 01 35* Discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components (6)

20 01 37* Wood containing dangerous substances

Hazardous municipal waste collection

At present, separate collection of the hazardous waste from the household one is not made in the region. In Piatra Neamt municipality, near to the new sanitary landfill, there is a special place for the collection of hazardous waste from household, that is to be treated and properly disposed of. The responsibility regarding the collection of waste can be distributed to private sanitation agents.

There are several options to collect hazardous waste from households. This can be organised by mobile collection with special vehicles, which will have an established time schedule or by fixed collection points or by take back systems organised by dealers and producers. The precondition for all systems is the existence of treatment and disposal facilities.


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Table 5-2: Main options for collection of hazardous waste produced in households

OPTION COMENTS ESTIMATION 1) Collection by mobile units

This system is very common because it is well accepted by the inhabitants. About every three months, a specialized hazardous waste collection vehicle comes to a specific collection point or pace where for about 2 or 3 hours will collect the hazardous waste delivered by inhabitants living nearby.

Usually, there are about 4000 to up to 5000 persons connected to a collection point. The collection vehicle can serve about 700,000 people with a collection frequency of 3 months. The collection of the hazardous waste is free of charge for the customers, if the delivered amount does not exceed 20 kg/delivery. The cost of this system is included in the fee for the ordinary waste collection.

The system requires a very well trained personnel in order to ensure the proper collection of the different kind of hazardous waste.

It is estimated that by this system about 35-40% of the hazardous waste coming from household will be collected.

1) Collection of hazardous waste from households by mobile units.

2) Collection directly from households

The hazardous waste is collected from the households directly, after arranging a date by phone.

For small quantities of hazardous waste delivered by a single household, this option is extremely expensive.

Because this option is not practiced, no data regarding the rate of collection is available.

This option is not recommended due to the very high costs.

3) Collection points for hazardous waste

The official collecting points for recyclable materials can be also extended to the collection of hazardous waste from household and to the commercial sector. An advantage of this system is that the collection points are opened continuously.

Compared to the small quantities of hazardous waste from households, which usually are delivered to these collection points, the cost of personnel is high. Qualified staff is needed for classifying and pre-sorting the hazardous waste. Therefore, the number of collection points, which are prepared to receive hazardous waste from households should be limited and carefully positioned taking into account the specific structure of the settlements.

One or two locations are recommended for the municipalities, capital of state, in combination with the recycling and collection points of the county and in cooperation with the landfills. All kind of hazardous waste can be collected


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OPTION COMENTS ESTIMATION 4) Collection containers specific hazardous waste categories

The installation of collection containers for specific hazardous waste types at non-guarded locations is riskful. Due to the experience gained up to now, uncontrolled collection containers for used oil, expired drugs, batteries and car batteries did not work well in Central Europe. Vandalism and misuse were the main reasons for that.

Therefore, the collection containers need a protection. This can be achieved by placing them at shops selling those products, specialized companies (see option 5) or at collection points (see option 3)

This is only a solution in combination with option 3 or 5.

5) Collection by shops or specialized companies

This system works very well for the collection of out of use car accumulators and for used car oils, in a close collaboration with workshops which are responsible for the collection of this kind of waste.

This is a recommended solution for collection of expired medicals, used oil, car batteries, batteries

All organic components have to be incinerated at high temperatures. Mineral components have to be immobilized, which means they have to be incorporated into a cement mixture. These will be eliminated like cement blocks.

Batteries, accumulators and used car oil

The main components of batteries are alkali-manganese and zinc-carbon. These batteries contain a high quantity of mercury which cause high costs by recycling in non-ferrous metal melting plants.

Recommended is a Take Back collection of batteries organised by the commercial sector. Activities for the reduction of the mercury content should be supported.

The collection of vehicles batteries are made mainly through the deposit system.

Used vehicles oil is collected through workshops and gas stations.

Expired medicaments

Medicaments that overdue their guarantee term are not more dangerous than those still in their term. It is why expired medicaments should be collected by drugs stores, which is common practice among European countries.

Expired medicaments can be eliminated through incineration/co-incineration or by landfilling in hazardous waste landfills.

Estimations regarding the generated quantity of hazardous waste from household waste

The estimation regarding the specific quantities of household hazardous waste is based on statistical indicators from the European countries. Thus, it is estimated that in urban areas the generation rate is of 2.5kg/person x year, and for the rural area of about 1,5kg/person x year.


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Table 5-3: Estimation of the generated hazardous household waste

Number of Population

Generating Indicator (kg/inhabitant x year)

Total quantity of generated waste (tons)

Urban 1.609.305 2.5 4.023 Rural 2.112.489 1.5 3.168 Total Region 1 3.721.794 - 7.191

The collection efficiency is quite low for hazardous components. It needs continuous awareness campaigns to sensitize the public about the risks. At the beginning, the collection efficiency of separate collection of hazardous waste is quite low and it will increase only by continuous education.


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5.2 Waste of electronic and electric equipments

The evaluation of WEEE quantities that will be generated, and also of the collectable quantity

The WEEE quantity which has to be colleted starting with 2006 was established for the member state to 4 kg/inhabitant and year. Taking in consideration the impossibility of reaching this target, Romania asked for a transition period of 2 years. The situation of Romania is not singular, all of the Central and Eastern Europe states, as well as the Baltic ones that joined the EU in 2004 did ask obtained temporary derogation for the same period. Their reasons are mainly related to the lower level of population endowment with electrics and electronics than the population from the old members, the longer length of their usage because of the income level but also because the rural population has a larger share, which means there are difficulties in creating the collecting infrastructure.

Romania has established in 2004, through the implementation plan, intermediate targets of 2kg/inhabitant for the year 2006 and 3kg/inhabitant for the year 2007. These targets were based on the existing information to that date concerning the equipment quantities put on the market, and also on the presumption that they will be used as long as the average usage life indicated by the producer.

In the last 2 years, the situation evolved a lot, and the available information is far more accurate than in 2004. Implementation of the directive in member states led to the development of more than 30 collective non-profit organizations, grouped in the WEEE Forum, which covers most part of the member states. Taking in consideration their experience, and also the conditions from Romania, it is possible to make a much better assessment of the WEEE collectible quantities.

From the statistics presented in the implementation plan, but also from the information given by the industry (CECED Romania) it was estimated the following quantities of EEE, from the first category, set on the market at national level in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005.

Table 5.2-1: Number of the first category equipment set on the market

Product 2005 2004 2003 2002

Freezers and deepfreezes 450000 530000 672000 357000

Washing machines 420000 405000 535000 296000

Stoves 325000 265000 358000 200000

Vapour hood 160000 152000 200000 120000

Dish washer 4000 3400 3000 2000

Total 1359000 1355400 1768000 975000

The evaluation is based on data concerning production, imports and exports of EEE from the Implementation Plan of the Directive 2002/96/CE, and also on data regarding the market for household electrics given by CECED Romania


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Table 52-2: Average weight of the equipments set on the market (kg)

Equipment kg

Freezers 62

Washing machines 50

Stoves 35

Vapour hood 20

Dish washer 50 The evaluation is based on data from The Implementation Plan of the Directive 2002/96/CE, and also on data regarding the average weight for household electrics given by CECED Romania

Table 5.2-3: Total mass of the first category equipments set on the market in Romania(kg)

Product 2005 2004 2003 2002

Freezers and deepfreezes 27.900.000 32.860.000 41.664.000 22.134.000

Washing machines 21.000.000 20.250.000 26.750.000 14.800.000

Stoves 11.375.000 9.275.000 12.530.000 7.000.000

Vapour hood 3.200.000 3.040.000 4.000.000 2.400.000

Dish washer 200.000 170.000 150.000 100.000

Total 63.675.000 65.595.000 85.096.003 46.434.000

kg/inhabitant and year

2,89 2,98 3,87 2,11

In order to determine the collectible quantities of WEEE from the first category, an average usage period of 15 years for these equipments can be considered. This was established at European level for many brands of large household electronics, from which resulted that the average usage period, in the member states of EU, for the equipments from this category is of 13 years. It is reasonable, maybe even optimistic to suppose that this period is greater only by 2 years.

It is that these equipments set on the market in 1991 will be collected in 2006, and those set on the market in 1992 in 2007, etc. If we take in consideration the efficiency of the most outstanding management system of WEEE from Europe, belonging to the WEEE Forum members, the collectable quantity is of 58% from the estimated generated WEEE. (according to the WEEE Forum data).

The quantity of equipment set on the market between 1991 and 2001 was calculated by extrapolation of the data from the maximum year 2003, taking into consideration an annual market increase of 7% from 1991 to 2003.


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Table 5.2-4: Quantity of first category equipment set on the market (kg/inhabitant and year)

Year 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991

Quantity set on the market

3.87 3.62 3.38 3.16 2.95 2.76 2.58 2.41 2.25 2.11 1.97 1.84 1.72

Table 5.2-5: Quantity of collectable quantity of first category WEEE in case that the system from Romania would have the efficiency of the best European systems

Year 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Collectable quantity of waste from the first category if the collecting system would have the same efficiency as the most performing systems existing in the member states.

1.96 1.83 1.71 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.31 1.22 1.14 1.07 1

According to WEEE structure of the WEEE Forum members, waste from the first category has a share of 46% of the total. Based on these data it was estimated the total quantity that will be generated starting with 2006 and also the collectable quantity taking in consideration the collecting rate of 58% of the generated quantity of the most efficient systems.

Table 5.2-6: Generated quantity of WEEE in Romania

Year 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Total generated quantity of WEEE

7.35 6.87 6.42 6 5.61 5.24 4.9 4.58 4.28 4 3.74

Table 5.2-7: Total collectable quantity of WEEE

Year 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Collectable quantity of WEEE if the collecting system would have the efficiency of the most efficient system existing in the member states

4.26 3.98 3.72 3.48 3.25 3.04 2.84 2.65 2.48 2.32 2.17


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Table 5.2-8: Collectable quantities of WEEE in the Region 1

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Population of the Region 1 3721794 3713506 3705282 3697120 3689021 3680984 3673008 3665094

Collected quantity if it reaches the evaluated collecting rate (tons)

8076 8615 9189 9797 10477 11190 11937 12755

Collected quantity of WEEE if the targets from the Directive are reached (tons)

7444 11141 14821 14788 14756 14724 14692 14660

The estimation is based on the data from table 5-10, but also on the prognosis concerning the population evolution in this region

Obligations of parties involved in the WEEE management process

Physical and juridical persons have the obligations to not dispose the WEEE in the same place with household waste but to deliver them to distributors in case of buying of a new product at the same type (one on one exchange) or to deliver the WEEE to the collection points managed by the local authorities (according to the HG 448/2005, art.5 paragraph 2 and 6 provisions).

The local authorities have the obligation to collect the household WEEE (according to the HG 448/2005, art.5 paragraph 1) and to organize and operate the municipal WEEE collection points (according to the OUG 61/2006, point 35, letter f)). The locations where this waste will be collected are going to be part of a collection point for certain waste streams coming from households and which can not be managed as household waste (e.g. furniture, tires, used car oil, etc).

The collection points established so far in Region 1 NE are presented in the following tables.

Table 5.2-9: County collection points

County Location of collection point Fitting out of the collection point

Bacău Bacău, str. Ciprian Porumbescu nr. 32 (within landfill SOMA SRL)

Metallic hall, with concrete, with a surface of 108sm. There are set 6 containers of 1,1 cm each.

Botoşani Botoşani, str. Manoleşti Deal nr. 3A (incinta SC REMAT

SA)

Storehouse with iron plate, concrete floors. Surface: 37 sm.

Iaşi Hârlău, str. Hatman Luca Arbore

Neamţ Roman, str. Colectorului fn 10.000 sm waste land, with no fence, access through str. Colectorului


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Piatra Neamt, Str. Poiana Teiului nr.6

Collection point of SC GREEN OFFICE SRL Piatra Neamt (collect and treat)

Suceava Fălticeni Municipality str. 13 Decembrie, nr. 25 (incinta

SC GOSCOM SA )

Concreted surface, covered, 400 sm

Vaslui SC REMAT SA VASLUI, str.Podul Inalt, nr.9

Covered hall, concrete floors, 30 sq m surface, no containers

TOTAL

REGION 7

Table 5.2-10: Collection points- towns with over 100.000 inhabitants

County Location of collection point for town with more than 100.000

inhabitants

Fitting out of collection point for towns with over 100.000 inhabitants

Bacău Bacău - com. Nicolae Bălcescu, within the household waste landfill

Collection point, established by the Bacau City hall is in a covered building, with brick walls, concrete floors, having a surface of 30 sq m, having constant surveillance. Two 1,1 cubic meter containers are set for less bulky waste.

Botoşani Botoşani - str.Iuliu Maniu, nr.125 depozit SC Goldana SRL Botosani

Closed space, with concrete, about 100 sq m.

Municipal waste landfill in Tomesti Commune, near the administrative building

Concrete platform, railed.

Podul de Piatra at the intersection of str.Strapungere, Silvestru, with Podul de Piatra

Uncovered concrete platform S = 300 sq.m Iaşi

Iaşi - Piata CUG str.Razoarelor,Libertatii and B-ul Poitiers

Covered platform, fenced, connected to utilities, S=300sq. m

Piatra Neamţ, near the compliant landfill, with access through str. Horia Piatra Neamţ, str. Bistriţei

450 sq m surface

Piatra Neamt, cartier Darmanesti, str. Valea Alba (within ISPA Measure)

714 sq.m surface Neamţ

Piatra Neamt, cartier Maratei, str. Maratei (within ISPA measure) 700 sq.m surface

Suceava Suceava –str. Grigore Alexandru Ghica, nr. 6A, (incinta SC DIASIL

SERVICE SRL )

340 sq m surface, concrete, covered, utilities, weighing scale, 2 containers of

36 cubic meters each. TOTAL

REGION 10


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Table 5.2.-11: Collection points- towns with over 20.000 inhabitants

County Location of collection point for

town with more than 20.000 inhabitants

Fitting out of collection point for towns with over 20.000 inhabitants

Comăneşti – within the municipal waste landfill

Collection point set by Comanesti city hall has a surface of 100 sq m, railed and covered, having in the inside 4 cm containers.

Buhuşi, str. M. Viteazu Collection point, set by Buhusi city hall, located in str. M. Viteazu, has a surface of 80 sq m, concrete, covered

Moineşti, str. Alboteşti

The collection point is a metallic hall, with 80 sq m surface, concreted. Two containers of 4 cm each are set inside.

Bacău

Oneşti, str. G.Bacovia (at the sanitation company headquarters SC Servsal SA Oneşti)

Concrete storage house, having a 30 sq m surface. In process of being endowed with containers for selective collection of WEEE.

Botoşani SC REMAT SA Botosani + working point Dorohoi, Strada Oituy nr.1

Iron plate storage house, no concrete, in process of fitting out, about 10 sq m.

Iaşi Paşcani – str. Gării within the asphalt plant

Partially concreted space, not covered

Tg. Neamţ, bd. 22 Decembrie, bl. M5, parter

Closed space, initial destination was of commercial space

Roman, str. Colectorului fn

5.000 sq m waste land, not railed, with access from str. Colectorului, near the settlement for the county collection point

Neamţ

Roman, str. Ogoarelor nr.3 - Rădăuţi, str Grănicerului, nr.4 (within the thermal unit no.3)

Concreted storage house, 20 sq m

Fălticeni, str. 13 Decembrie, nr.25, within SC GOSCOM SA – sanitation company

Concreted storage house, 100 sq m, in which 2 euro containers are set. It has infrastructure and utilities. .

Suceava

Câmpulung, Str Uzinei, nr.6, (incinta SC FLORCONSTRUCT SRL)

Covered space and concrete platform, 50 sq m

Vaslui- within SC REMAT SA VASLUI, str.Podul Inalt, nr.9

Concrete surface, covered, fenced, without containers, S = 35 sq.m s

Vaslui-within SC Comppil SA Vaslui, str.Podul Inalt, nr.3 Under construction

Husi-within SC REMAT SA VASLUI, str.Petre Filip, nr.5

Concrete surface, covered, fenced, guarded, without containers, S = 50 sq. m

Barlad-within SC Remat SA Iasi, working point Barlad, str.Palermo, nr.4

Concrete surface, uncovered, 100 sq.m, equipped with 3 izothermal containers, guarded

Vaslui

Barlad-within SC COMPPIL SA VASLUI, str.Palermo, nr.2

Covered, concrete surface, S = 292,5 sq.m, foreseen with metallic containers

TOTAL REGIUNE

17


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Taking over the collected WEEE at the municipal points and also their recovery have to be ensured by the producers, according to the HG 448/2005 art.5, paragraph 2. Recovery rate of the collected WEEE will be according to the HG 448/2005, art.5, paragraph 12, of:

� 50% of the target foreseen in the Directive 2002/96/CE art.7, paragraph 2, for collected WEEE in 2006;

� 75% of the target foreseen in the Directive 2002/96/CE art.7, paragraph 2, for collected WEEE in 2006;

� 100% of the target foreseen in the Directive 2002/96/CE art.7, paragraph 2, for collected WEEE in 2008.

Producers can reach their obligations individually or transferring their responsibilities toward collective organizations, authorized according to the OM 1225/2005.

Producers have the responsibility of financing the operations of taking over from the collecting points, treatment and recovery of WEEE coming from household according to the obligation stipulated by the HG 448/2005 art.8, paragraph 1. These responsibilities are applied:

� Proportionally with the market share, for the equipments set on the market until the 1’st of January 2007 – the so called “historical waste” (according to the provisions of HG 448/2005 art.8, paragraph 5);

� Only for their own equipments set on the market after this date (according to the provisions of HG 448/2005 art.8, paragraph 5).

Producers who do not take part to a collective system, will have to deposit, starting with the 1’st of January 2007, a guarantee which have to cover the costs for recycling the equipments they set on the market after this date, in case they stop their activity (bankruptcy, closeout, etc).

The collective organizations are responsible for taking over the WEEE from the collecting points established by the authorities, proportionally to the responsibility of the joined producers. According to the recycling possibilities, the following operations will take place:

� Transport directly to the recycling operators from Romania ( possible, mainly, for large household electronics, in case of a good separation at the collection time);

� Transport to a sorting and storing centre where WEEE are sorted out on categories of equipments according to the recycling possibilities. Waste that can be recycled in Romania is transported to the recycling operators, those that have to be exported for recycling are temporary stored until there will be enough quantities which would justify the export operation.

� Export in order of recycling.

In case of WEEE other than those coming from households, the management costs will be covered by:

• holders, for equipments set on the market until the 1’st of January 2007 (according to the HG 448/2005, art.9, paragraph 2);

� Producers, for WEEE collected because of old equipments replacement with new ones (according to the HG 448/2005, art.9, paragraph 2, letter b)) or for equipments set on the market after the 1’st of January 2007. There is also the possibility that the producers and users, others than households, to sign agreements which would establish other financing forms (according to the HG 448/2005, art.9, paragraph 3).


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5.3 End of life vehicles

The end of life vehicles number, in Region 1, was estimated in 2002 at about 30 000.

There is a network of businesses (over100) relatively equally spread over Romania’s territory , which have done and still do collecting, dismantling and recovery operations of the end of life vehicles in order to commercialize them.

There is a shredder belonging to the company S.C. Remayer S.A., installed in Bucharest with a capacity of 8000 tones/months. But, this one doesn’t function at its full capacity because of the reduced number of the vehicle which are put out of use and given for treatment.

Because of the transport costs, in the rest of the country, end of life vehicles are treated by main components dismantling and then packaging them for purpose of exportation of the non-ferrous material.

At the moment, end of life vehicles elimination is a profitable economical activity because only metal components are capitalized (approximately 70% of vehicle weight), the rest going for landfilling.

Dismantling and recycling installation generally have a low technical level and does not respect the minimum provision from the 1’st Annex of the Directive.

Table 5.3-1: No of ELV collected, treated and disposed between 2003-2005 2003 2004 2005 County Anterior

stock collected

treated stock collected

treated

stock collected

treated

stock

Bacău 32 442 426 48 368 338 78 721 502 297 Botoşani - - - 10 7 3 92 14 81

Iaşi

169 169 0 240 240 0 784 558 226

Neamţ

- - - 494 494 0 825 792 33

Suceava 118 114 4 142 142 4 344 270 78 Vaslui

17 17 0 21 21 0 151 71 80

TOTAL Region 1 NE

32 746 726 52 1275 1242 85 2884 + 180 car bodies

2207 + 180 car bodies

762 (85 come from previous years)

From ELV dismantling can result battery accumulators with PB, motor, transmission and embrocation oils, liquids (excluded fuel), oil filters, catalyzes, metalic components, tyres, other materials from depollution. In table 5.3.2 are presented the quantities resulted in 2005, following the dismantling of collected ELV.

Table 5.3-2: Situation of waste resulted from treatment of ELV in 2005

Quantity (t) Type of waste

Collected Capitalized disposed Stoc

k

battery accumulators with PB 10,105 9,805 0 0,3 motor, transmission and embrocation oils 1,718 0,69 0 1,028 liquids (excluded fuel) 0,041 0 0,02 0,021 oil filters 0,085 0,036 0,047 0,002


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other materials from depollution 0,016 0,016 0 0 catalizors (pieces) 1 0 0 1 metalic components 31,311 31,311 0 0 tyres 13,763 11,374 0 2,389 Big plastic components 3,275 0,168 0 3,107 Glass 6,919 1,399 5,52 Ferrous metals (steel) 1046,8 1045,5 0 0,5 Non-ferrous metals (aluminum, cooper, zinc, led etc) 14,874 14,469 0 0,405 Light fraction following shredding 0 0 0 0 others 0,837 0,231 0 0,606

Economic operators authorized to collect and treat ELV, existing in the region are:

5.2-3: Economic operators authorized to collect and treat ELV Name Address Address work point

Bacău County - 4 REMAT SA Bacău Bacău, str. Izvoare nr. 107 Bacău, str. Izvoare nr. 107 SOMA SRL Bacău Bacău str. Alexei Tolstoi nr. 6 Bacău, str. Alexei Tolstoi nr. 6 SC CARSERO SRL Bacau, str.Martir Closca, 6/B/4 Jud. Bacau, Comuna Nicolae

Balcescu SC CASA AUTO SRL

Jud. Bacau, Comuna Letea Veche Jud. Bacau, Comuna Letea Veche

Botoşani county - 2

REMAT SA Botoşani, str. Manoleşti Deal, nr.3 A, str. Manoleşti Deal, nr.3 A GOLDANA SRL Botoşani, str. Petru Rareş, nr.26 Botoşani, str.Iuliu Maniu, nr.125 Iaşi County - 2 LUCA'S SRL Iaşi Iaşi, Trec. Păun nr. 2 Iaşi, Trec. Păun nr. 2 REMAT SA Iaşi Iaşi, str. Aurel Vlaicu nr.88 Iaşi, str. Aurel Vlaicu nr.88 Neamţ County - 1

REMAT SA Neamţ Piatra Neamţ str. G-ral N. Dăscălescu, nr. 287

Piatra Neamţ str. G-ral N. Dăscălescu, nr. 287

Suceava County - 7 PF MUHA TRAIAN Suceava

Suceava, str. Gheorghe Doja, nr.61D

Suceava, str. Gheorghe Doja nr.61D

TRANSFOREST SRL Vatra Dornei

Vatra Dornei, str. Argestru nr.3 Vatra Dornei, str. Argestru nr.3

OMT METAL SRL Gura Humorului

Gura Humorului, str. Păltinoasa fn, Gura Humorului, str. Păltinoasa fn,

MARICOL SRL Suceava

Suceava, str. Luceafărului nr.12, bl T62, sc A, ap 40

Suceava, str. Calea Unirii, nr. 35 (within Abator Burdujeni)

AUTOLINE SRL Suceava

Suceava, str. Rândunicii nr. 2 Suceava, str Humorului nr.89C

ROLEX SRL Suceava

Suceava, str. Cernăuţi nr. 112b Suceava, str. Cernăuţi nr. 112b,

CONEXIUNI IMPEX SRL Suceava

Suceava, str.Gheorghe Doja nr.111

Suceava, str.Gheorghe Doja nr.111

Vaslui County - 0

TOTAL Region - 16


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5.4 Construction and demolition waste

Legal Provisions

Law 426/2001 for OUG 78/200 approving, concerning the waste management states:

� (1) waste dumped in temporary landfills, or demolition or constructions rehabilitation waste are treated and transported by the owners of the waste, by those who work in constructions or demolition or by any other person, on a contract basis.

� (2) the city council establishes the site for elimination of the waste indicated in the (1) paragraph, the elimination and transportation ways toward this site.

� (3) waste producers and holders have the obligation to ensure waste recovery or elimination through own means or by delivering it to authorized operators, in order to be capitalized or termination; delivery and acceptance of production waste, household waste, construction and demolition waste, and hazardous waste, in order to eliminate them, have to be done only under contract.

Law no.101/2006 concerning sanitation service management of the localities which will recall, starting on march 2007, the OG 87/2001 concerning public sanitation services, introduces, as activity of the localities sanitation services (local public service of communal management, organized, coordinated, righted, leaded, monitored and controlled by local public administration) and the activity of “collecting, transport and landfilling of the waste resulted from construction and demolition activities” as separate activity of “pre collecting, collecting and transport of the municipal waste, including the hazardous toxic waste from household waste”.

Generated quantities

At the moment there is no relevant data concerning the generated quantity of construction and demolition waste at regional level. According to the statistical data from European level, the generation index of construction and demolition waste is at the level of hundreds of kilograms and year per inhabitant.

Thus, the first enforcing measure is that of projecting and managing a data base for construction and demolition waste.

Construction and demolition waste management

Main measures concerning the management of this kind of waste are:

� Separate collection from the source, based on type of material and also on hazardous and non-hazardous;

� Promoting the recycling and reusing of construction and demolition waste;

� Ensuring treatment/sorting capacities for this waste;

� Ensuring a controlled landfilling of the non-reusable waste which can not be capitalized, according to the provisions in power.

In the following figure the main ways of demolition waste (especially rubble) management are shown.


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Figure 5-1 Main methodologies for demolition waste management

Demolition rubble

Disposal Reuse:

� At the source, eg. from renovations � and rehabilitations � In landfills constructions; � Underground landfilling � Others

Treatment/Sorting stations

Recovery � Civil construction � Road construction � Others

Residue

Recyclied construction materials


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5.5 Sludge from wastewater treatment plants

Existing situation

In the following table, are sumarised the existing wastewater treatment plants in the region, the number of connected inhabitants and the quantities of sludge resulted, in 2005, based on the information provided by REPA Bacau.

Table 5-4 Existing municipal water treatment plants County Municipal waste

water treatment plants

Inhabitants

connected

Capacity (cm/h) Quantity of sludge

Projected Actual moist (tone)

SU (tone)

BC Autonomous Regia of communal husbandry Bacău

147056 5706 3394 216000 4320

15000 201 215 48800 1463 BC SC APĂ-CANAL Oneşti - SE old and SE new

23000 1440 189 69500 2085

BC Thermal Unit Comăneşti - SE Comăneşti

8200 583 200 875 70

BC SC PRES SERV SA Moineşti 11333 367.2 226.2 2952 703.25

BC Târgu Ocna local council 4730 126 126 110,000 10,000

BC Slănic Moldova local council 1170 129.6 129.6 375 30

BC Buhuşi local council (department of communal management)

10000 50 35 1200 300

BC Sascut local council 220489 8602.8 4514.8 449702 18971.3 BC Podu Turcului Local

Council – financing under SAPARD

na 8,75 na na na

BC Caiuti Local Council – financing under SAPARD

na 8,75 na na na

BC Faraoani Local Council – financing under SAPARD

na 11,25 na na na

Total BC 11 440978 17234,35 9029,6 899.404 37.942,5 BT AC APA GRUP SA

Botoşani - SE Botoşani

96823 4320 1512 42840.2 2142

BT AC APA GRUP SA Botoşani - SE Dorohoi 16672 856.8 298.8 0 258

BT AC APA GRUP SA Botoşani - SE Darabani

950 72 7.2 0 2.8


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BT AC APA GRUP SA Botoşani - SE Săveni 4100 154 29 200 0

BT Truşeşti local council 700 26.84 1 0 0

TOTAL BT 5 119245 5429.64 1848 43040.2 2402.8

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Iaşi 650000 7560 7980 25758.8 5151.7 IS RAJAC IASI - SE

Belceşti 1032 126 4.68 31 6.2

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Hârlău

5500 162 42 151 33.22

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Podu Iloaiei 2210 155 24 320.8 64

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Răducăneni 406 108 9.12 52.05 10.41

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Târgu Frumos

5557 277 143 1760 274

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Ţibăneşti 720 94 2.9 60.75 12.15

IS RAJAC IASI - SE Vlădeni 950 90 2.43 59.57 11.9

IS DAC PASCANI, DIRECTIA APA CANAL-SE Paşcani

26131 1475 576 12045 2409

IS Hălăuceşti local council na na na na na

TOTAL 10 650000 7560 7980 25758.8 5151.7 NT SC APA SERV SA

Piatra Neamţ 78000 2016 628 58241 2041

NT SC ACVA SERV SRL Roman 62900 2808 2808 6810 420

NT SC ACVATERM SA Târgu Neamţ 8034 455 94 1170 117

NT SC ACVA SA Bicaz 5124 257 41.6 1200 33

NT SC DURĂU SA Durău 200 20.83 12 10 5

NT SE UM 02275 Baltatesti na na na na na

TOTAL NT 6 154258 5556.83 3583.6 67431 2616 SV SC ACET SA Suceava-

SE Suceava 86650 6732 2932 215700 4792

SV SC ACET SA Suceava-SE Vatra Dornei 11000 288 175.89 3466 104

SV SC ACET SA Suceava-SE Gura Humorului 9551 288 207 2850 90


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SV SC ACET SA Suceava-SE Fălticeni 23730 756 195 7933 280

SV SC ACET SA Suceava-SE Siret 6631 324 180 3500 70

SV Câmpulung Moldovenesc local council

6600 684 255.9 4700 100

SV Rădăuţi local council 3300 630 420 16673.5 250 TOTAL 7 147462 9702 4365.79 254823 5686

VS SC GOSCOM VASLUI SA 43820 2160 534 30,882 1722

VS Regia Autonoma de Gospodarire Comunala si Locativa Barlad 1073 720 26900 1580

VS SC GOSCOMLOC SA HUSI 13213 317 126 624 12.5

VS Negresti city hall-public service for service performing

3645 151.2 54 195 78

VS Murgeni city hall na na na na na

TOTAL VS 5 60678 3701.2 1434 58601.13 3392.5

TOTAL

Region 1 NE

44 1.572.621 49.184,02 28.240,99 1.349058 57191.5

In 2005 a quantity of 57.191 t was generated. In the future, there will be a development of water and sewage infrastructure, which will lead to an increase of the municipal waste water treatment plants, and, implicitly, to an increase of the quantity of sludge that will be generated.

Recovery ways

Agricultural use

The precondition to utilise sludge as fertilizer in agriculture is that its components do not affect the soil in a negative way.

This is a continuously control of sludge and soil. The sludge from water treatment plants has a water content of 97%. By centrifugal action or filtration the water content can be diminished to 70-80%. The dehydration process is a pre-condition for an economical transport and a possible landfilling / elimination..

Requirements for agricultural reuse suppose a dryness level of at least 90%, to ensure the fact that the sludge does not ferment and can be stored in silos until reuse.

Energetic recovery

All kinds of energetic recovery like: co-incineration in cement factories, fuel combustion or incineration on fluid beds requires a sufficient caloric power of the sludge.

This means the installation of a drying process separately or in combination with an incinerator. Co-incineration in a cement factory requires a sufficient caloric power.


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6. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES

6.1 Brief Description of Potential Technical Alternatives

Waste collection

In Master Plans for Integrated Waste Management Systems from this Region there are presented the following techniques for household waste collection:

� Collection “door to door”. This option proposes collection of the waste from individual households and from apartments. The system is based either on collection bags, or on collection recipients. The benefits of this system include: (i) inhabitants convenience; (ii) the willingness of the inhabitants to assume the responsibility of waste storage before their collection. The main disadvantage is that this system requires higher prices than that based on euro containers.

� Euro containers of 80, 120 or 240 liters in the neighborhood of the households. This option assumes the use of euro containers with wheels for waste collection. The benefits of this option are: (i) less worn out of euro containers; (ii) adequate operating of the euro containers; (iii) improved convenience of the inhabitants.

� Wheel containers of 1100 liters. This system allows storage for a higher waste volume. This system is often used in Eastern Europe and it is referred by most of the private operators. The benefits include the container’s resistance and a relative convenience for the inhabitants. These containers are less maneuverable than euro containers.

� Small compacting cars in the vicinity of apartments. In this system small compacting cars are emptied in collection vehicles, allowing storage of large waste volume.

� Small compacting cars for transfer. In this system, the waste from small compacting cars is transferred into collection vehicles. This system is mostly used in Eastern Europe. The system do not encourages efficiency and the quality of service.

� Collection using trailer vehicles. Tractors with trailer are a practical option for rural areas. The system has the advantage of penetrating into low condition roads, easy maintenance and repairs. The system is more costly than that using horse wagon.

Selective collection of recyclable waste (including packaging waste) can be realized individually, through points or centers for collection. Individual collection can be achieved either in one fraction, or by material type, except for paper and cardboard. Paper and cardboard, because of the high recycling targets and of quality requirements of the recycling plants, will be collected separately.

The details for waste collection will be established though feasibility studies.

Transfer stations

Transfer stations are designated places in which the wastes are collected and then transferred in other vehicles. In this way the transport cost is reduced and also the need for more landfills, which is also very costly. Generally, the transfer stations are built for distances more than 60 km and annual volume of waste of more than 10,000 tones. To be economically feasible, the transfer stations should generate transport savings more than operating costs.

In addition, transfer stations should serve as collection points for some specific waste streams: packaging waste, green waste, bulky waste, WEEE, hazardous waste from households etc.


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Packaging waste sorting for recycling

The goal of a sorting facility is the separation of some fraction that can be material recovered from the mixture of municipal and commercial waste. The main sorted materials are: paper, plastic, glass, wood and metals. The sorting facilities for packaging waste collected in one fraction (plastic, glass, metals) are more complex than paper sorting facilities.

As a result of the sorting process there are:

� Waste that are material recovered – about 60 %; � Waste that are energy recovered – about 15 %; � Residues from sorting, which must be disposed of – about 25 %.

Alternatives Technologies for Biodegradable Waste Treatment

Centralized composting

Biodegradable waste is composted with the objective of returning the waste to the plant production cycle as fertilizer and soil improver. The variety of composting technologies is extensive as composting can be carried out in private gardens as well as in advanced, highly technological centralized plants. The control of compost processing is based on the homogenization and mixing of the waste followed by aeration and often irrigation. This leads to a stabilized dark media, rich in humic substances and nutrients. Central solutions are exemplified by low cost composting without forced aeration and technologically more advanced systems with forced aeration and temperature feedback. Central composting plants are capable of handling more than 100 000 tonnes of biodegradable waste per year, but typically the plant size is about 10 000 to 30 000 tonnes per year. Biodegradable wastes must be separated prior to composting: only pure food waste, garden waste, wood chips and, to some extent paper, are suitable for producing good quality compost.

The composting plants consist of some or all of the following technical units: bag openers, magnetic and/or ballistic separators, screeners (sieves), shredders, mixing and homogenisation equipment, turning equipment, irrigation systems, aeration systems, draining systems, bio-filters, scrubbers, control- and steering systems.

The composting process occurs when biodegradable waste is piled together with a structure allowing oxygen-diffusion and with a dry matter content suiting microbial growth. The temperature of the biomass increases due to the microbial activity and the insulation properties of the piled material. The temperature often reaches 65–75°C within a few days and then declines slowly. This high temperature furthers the elimination of pathogens and weed seeds.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

� Possible simple, durable and cheap technology (except some in-vessel facilities);

� Approximately 40–50 % of mass (weight) is recovered for plant growth;

� Maximum recovery of the nutrients required for low-input farming systems (i.e., P, K, Mg and micronutrients). Liming effect of compost;

� Production of humic substances, beneficial micro-organisms, and slow-release nitrogen required for landscape gardening and horticulture;

� Eliminates weeds and pathogens in the waste material;


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� Possible good opportunities of process control (except at most facilities without forced aeration);

� Good working environment can be achieved (e.g. pressurised operating cabins with filters).

Disadvantages

� Requires source separation of BMW, including continuous information to waste generators;

� a market for the compost products must be developed and maintained;

� periodical emission of odorous compounds, especially when treating BMW;

� loss of 20–40 % of nitrogen as ammonia, loss of 40–60 % of carbon as carbon dioxide;

� potential vector-problems (seagulls, rats, flies) when treating BMW;

� skilled staff needed when treating BMW.

Individual composting

From composting process one product is resulting, the compost which ensure the improvement of the soil structure. Rural area inhabitants have to be encouraged to compost their own biodegradable waste. Because, in this area the majority of the generated waste is of organic nature, individual composting is the most recommended option.

The main technical option for individual composting is pile composting or container composting.

Anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion is a biological treatment method that can be used to recover both nutrients and energy contained in biodegradable municipal waste. In addition, the solid residues generated during the process are stabilised. The process generates gases with a high content of methane (55–70 %), a liquid fraction with a high nutrient content (not in all cases) and a fiber fraction.

Waste can be separated into liquid and fiber fractions prior to digestion, with the liquid fraction directed to an anaerobic filter with shorter retention time than that required for treating raw waste. Separation can also be conducted following digestion of the raw waste so that the fiber fraction can be recovered for use, for example as a soil conditioner. The fiber fraction tends to be small in volume but rich in phosphorus, which is a valuable and scarce resource at global level.

Separate digestion, dry method

With separate digestion, dry method, the organic waste is first tipped into a shredder to reduce the particle size. The waste is sieved and mixed with water before entering the digester tanks (35 % dry matter content). The digestion process is carried out at temperatures of 25–55 °C resulting in the production of biogas and a biomass. The gas is purified and used in a gas engine. The biomass is de-watered and hereby separated into 40 % water and 60 % fiber and reject (having 60 % dry matter). The reject fraction which is disposed at, for example, a landfill. The wastewater produced is recycled to the mixing tank ahead of the digester.

Separate digestion, wet method

With separate digestion, wet method, the organic waste is tipped into a tank, where it is transformed into a pulp (12 % dry matter). The pulp is first exposed to a hygienic


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process (70 °C, pH 10) before being de-watered. The de-watered pulp is then hydrolysed at 40 °C before being de-watered once again.

The liquid from the second de-watering step is directed to a bio-filter where the digestion is carried out resulting in biogas and wastewater. This water is reused in the pulp or, for example, may be used as a liquid fertiliser. The fiber fraction from the second de-watering is separated into compost and reject fractions to be disposed of at, for instance, landfill. The compost usually requires further processing prior to sale. The biogas is purified and utilised in a gas engine resulting in the production of electricity, heat and flue gas. Some of the heat can be used to ensure stable temperatures during the hydrolysis and the bio-filter processes.

In this process, one tonne of household waste will generate 160 kg biogas (150 Nm3), 340 kg liquid, 300 kg compost fraction and 200 kg residuals (including 100 kg inert waste). According to analyses it is found that 10–30 % of the nutrient content (tot-N, tot-P and tot-K) remains in the compost fraction.

Co-digestion, wet method

With co-digestion, wet method, organic waste is shredded and screened before further treatment. The shredded waste is then mixed with either sewage sludge or manure from farms, at a ratio of 1:3–4. The mixed biomass is first exposed to a hygienic process (70°C) before being fed to the digestion phase, which is conducted at temperatures of 35-55 °C. The process generates biogas and a liquid biomass, which is stored before being used as a liquid soil fertiliser. The biogas is purified and utilised in a gas engine resulting in the production of electricity, heat and flue gas. Some of the heat can be used to ensure stable temperatures during the hygienic and the digestion phases.

One tonne of household waste will generate 160 kg biogas (150 Nm3), 640 kg liquid fertiliser, 0 kg compost fraction and 200 kg residuals (including 100 kg inert waste). According to analyses it is found that 70–90 % of the nutrient content (tot-N, tot-P and tot-K) remains in the liquid fertiliser fraction. Thus it is possible to achieve very high recovery and utilisation of the nutrients. However it should be emphasised that liquid fertilisers, produced from sewage sludge, are much more difficult to sell than liquid fertilisers produced from manure.


The mentioned advantages and disadvantages are accountable for all anaerobic treatment methods.

Advantages

� Almost 100 % recovery of nutrients from the organic matter (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) if the digested material is ploughed down immediately after spreading on the fields

� Production of a hygienic fertiliser product, without risk of spreading plant and animal diseases. The nitrogen is more accessible for the plants after digestion

� Reduction of odor, when spreading on the fields compared with spreading of non-digested material

� CO neutral energy production in the form of electricity and heat

� Substitution of commercial fertiliser.

Disadvantages

� Requirements for source separation of waste


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� The fibres require additional composting if intended for use in horticulture or gardening

� A market for the liquid fertiliser must be developed before establishment of the treatment method, unless the liquid has a very low nutrient content and thereby can be discharged to the public sewer

� Methane emissions from the plant and non-combusted methane in the flue gasses (1–4 %) will contribute negatively to the global warming index.

Incineration

Incineration reduces the amount of organic waste in municipal waste to about 5 % of its original volume and sterilises the hazardous components, while at the same time generating thermal energy that can be recovered as heat (hot water/steam) or electric power or combinations of these. The incineration process also results in residual products, as well as products from cleaning of the flue gas, which has to be deposited at a controlled disposal site such as a landfill or a mine. Sometimes wastewater is produced. Nutrients and organic matter are not recovered.


Advantages

� Well-known process installed worldwide, with high availability and stable running conditions (this bullet counts for grate incineration only)

� Energy recovery with high efficiency of up to 85 % can be achieved, if generating combined heat and power or heat only

� All municipal solid waste as well as some industrial wastes can be disposed of unsorted via this process

� The volume of the waste is reduced to 5–10 %, which primarily consists of clinker that can be recycled as a gravel material for road building if sorted and washed;

� The clinker and other residues are sterile

� CO neutral energy production, substituting combustion of fossil fuels.

Disadvantages

� Extensive investments

� Extensive flue gas cleaning system

� Generation of fly ash and flue gas cleaning products, which have to be deposited at a controlled landfill (amounts to approximately 2–5 % by weight of the incoming waste)

� Generation of NOx and other gases as well as particles.

Pyrolysis and gasification

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is a thermal pre-treatment method, which can be applied in order to transform organic waste to a medium calorific gas, liquid and a char fraction aimed at separating or binding chemical compounds in order to reduce emissions and leaching to the environment. Pyrolysis can be a self-standing treatment, but is mostly followed by a combustion step and, in some cases, extraction of pyrolytic oil (liquefaction).

Waste is tipped into a silo where a crane mixes the incoming material and moves the material to a shredder and from here to another silo. The mixed waste is then fed into a


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gas tight hopper arrangement, screw- or piston feeder. The coarsely shredded waste now enters a reactor normally an external heated rotary drum operated under atmospheric pressure. In the absence of oxygen the waste is dried and hereafter transformed at 500–700 °C by thermochemical conversion i.e., destructive distillation, thermo-cracking and condensation into hydrocarbons (gas and oils/tar) and solid residue (char/pyrolysis coke) containing carbon, ash, glass and non-oxidised metals.

If the process temperature is 500 °C or below, the process is sometimes called thermolysis. The retention time of the waste in the reactor is typically 0.5-1 hour. The >300 °C hot product gas is normally led to a boiler plant, where the energy content is utilised for steam or hot water production. The raw product gas is not suitable for operation of an internal combustion engine due to the high content of tar in the gas phase, which will condense when the gas is cooled before entering the gas engine. Thermo-cracking of the tars in the gas followed by gas cleaning may solve the cleaning need.

Gasification

Gasification is a thermal treatment method, which can be applied to transform organic waste to a low calorific gas, recyclable products and residues. Gasification is normally followed by combustion of the produced gasses in a furnace and in internal combustion engines or in single gas turbines after comprehensive cleaning of the product gas. Coarsely-shredded, sometimes pyrolysed waste enters a gasifier, where the carbonaceous material reacts with a gasifying agent, which may be air, O2, H2O in the form of steam, or CO2. The process takes place typically at 800–1 100 °C (oxygen blown entrained flow gasification may reach 1 400–2000 °C) depending on the calorific value and includes a number of chemical reactions to form combustible gas with traces of tar. Ash is often vitrified and separated as solid residue.

The main difference between the pyrolysis and gasification is that by gasification the fixed carbon is also gasified. Gasification plants may be designed as 1- or 2-step processes. The gasifier itself may be either up flow, down flow and entrained flow fixed bed type or for big plants also bubbling or circulating fluid bed types, atmospheric or pressurised when combined with gas-turbines. Sometimes the first step is a drying unit, in other cases a pyrolysis unit. Both pyrolysis and gasification units may be installed in front of coal fired boilers of power plants, which enable co-firing with a very high power-to-heat ratio.


Advantages of pyrolysis

� Better retention of heavy metals in the char than in ash from combustion. (at 600°C process temperature the retention is as follows: 100 % chromium, 95 % copper, 92 % lead, 89 % zinc, 87 % nickel and 70 % cadmium)

� Low leaching of heavy metals from deposition of the solid fraction chromium and reduced to 20 % for cadmium and nickel

� Production of gas with a LCV (low calorific value) of 8 MJ/kg (10–12 MJ/Nm3), which can be combusted in a compact combustion chamber with short retention time and very low emissions

� CO neutral energy production substituting combustion of fossil fuels

� Less quantity of flue gas than from conventional incineration

� Hydrochloric acid can be retained in or distilled from the solid residue

� No formation of dioxins and furans

� The process is well suited to difficult waste fractions


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� Production of sterile clinker and other residues.

Disadvantages of pyrolysis

� Waste must be shredded or sorted before entering the pyrolysis unit to prevent blockage of the feed and transport systems

� Pyrolytic oils/tars contain toxic and carcinogenic compounds, which normally will be decomposed through the process

� The solid residue contains about 20–30 % of the calorific value of the primary fuel (MSW), which however can be utilized in a following combustion zone (incineration/gasification plant)

� Relative high cost

� Back-up fuel supply is required at least during start-up.

Advantages of gasification

� High degree of recovery and good use of the waste as an energy resource (energy recovery with high efficiency of up to 85 % can be achieved, if generating combined heat and power or heat only, electricity gain of 25–35 % is possible)

� CO2 neutral energy production, substituting combustion of fossil fuels

� Better retention of heavy metals in the ash compared to other combustion processes especially for chromium, copper and nickel

� Low leaching of heavy metals from deposits of the (vitrified) solid fraction particularly for chromium and also reduced for cadmium and nickel,

� Production of sterile clinker and other residues

� Production of gas with a LCV (low calorific value) of 5 MJ/Nm3 (air blown) or 10 MJ/Nm3

(oxygen-blown) which can be combusted in a compact combustion chamber with a short retention time resulting in very low emissions (alternatively it can be cleaned for tar particles and used in a lean-burn internal combustion engine);

� Less quantity of flue gas than that from conventional incineration

� Gas cleaning systems can remove dust, PAH, hydrochloric acid, HF, SO2 etc., from the produced gas resulting in low emissions

� The process is well suited to contaminated wood.

Disadvantages of gasification

� Waste must be shredded or sorted before entering the gasifier unit to prevent blockage of the feed and transport systems;

� The gas contains traces of tars containing toxic and carcinogenic compounds which may contaminate the quench water resulting in the need to re-circulate washing water or treat as chemical waste;

� Complicated gas clean-up for motor use;

� The combustion of product gas generates NOx;

� The solid residue may contain some unprocessed carbon in the ash;

� High cost;

� Only very few non prototype-like plants are available on the market.

Bio-Mechanical Treatment


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Together with waste incineration, bio-mechanical treatment represents an important technique in municipal waste management.

In bio-mechanical treatment facilities non-sorted municipal waste are treated, through a combination of mechanical and biological processes. In this process the wastes that are material and energy recovered are mechanically separated and, in the end, the other wastes are treated biologically, making them inert. These biologically inert wastes, that represent about 40% of the total input, are disposed of.

Figure 6-1 Simplified circuit of a bio-mechanical treatment facility

Lanfilling

Building up, location and technical requirements for the construction of sanitary landfills are technically described in the Directive regarding waste landfilling. Essentially, a sanitary landfill represent a location that ensure an adequate environmental and health protection for disposing of solid municipal wastes. One sanitary landfill is equipped, usually, with:

� A buffer zone; � A good and easily accessible road for the trucks; � A guard cabin for keeping the registers and control; � A weighbridge; � A laboratory for waste analysis;

Municipal waste

Reception

Mechanic

Organic fraction

Exploitable

High caloric

Thermal treatment

Energy

Tratare biologi

Material recovery

Aerobic digestio

Thermal treatment

Energy recovery

Lanfilling


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� Waterproof membrane (geomembrane and geotextile) to ensure hydro-insulation and taking over of the mechanically loads;

� A monitoring system; � Leachate collection and treatment facility; � Special cells in which the wastes are deposited (daily); � Landfill gas collection and disposing facility (sometimes collected to generate

power).

Special activities carried out in a sanitary landfill include:

� Recording of waste quantities; � Severe control regarding allowed and not allowed wastes; � Daily covering of the wastes; � Compaction of the covered surfaces; � Assurance of the covering and closure; � Ground water control; � Periodical monitoring during exploitation and post-closure monitoring.

Overview of technologies for the treatment of BMW

In the following table it is shown an overview of technologies for the treatment of biodegradable municipal waste: composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, pyrolysis and gasification.

Biological method Thermal method

Compost Anaerobic Digestion Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification Proven technology, track record

Yes; Very common Yes; common Yes; very common Partly; few Partly; few

Basic principle Degradation by aerobic microorganisms

Degradation by anaerobic microorganisms

Combustion Anaerobic thermochemical conversion

Thermo- chemical conversion

Cost of treatment Low to high Medium to high Medium to high Medium to high High to very high Suitability Good Good Good Medium Depending on

Technology Waste acceptance Source separated

waste only since matter and nutrients is to be recovered as pure as possible

Source separated wet waste only since matter and nutrients is to be recovered as pure as possible

All waste since air cleaning technology is good and residual solids are minimised by volume reduction

In particular suitable for contaminated, well defined dry waste fractions

Source separated dry waste only unless combined with better cleaning technology

Acceptance of wet household Waste

Yes Yes Yes Possible but normally no

Possible but normally no

Acceptance of dry household Waste

Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible

Acceptance of garden and park waste

Yes No Yes Yes Possible

Acceptance of waste from hotels and restaurants

Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible but normally no

Acceptance of paper and board

Small amounts of paper possible

No Yes Yes Possible

Excluded waste Fractions

Metal, plastic, glass, plants without high degree of sanitary treatment: no waste of animal origin)

Metal, plastic glass, garden waste, (plants without high degree of sanitary treatment: no waste of animal origin)

None Wet household Waste

Wet household Waste

Availability of environmental data

Solids High Medium — high Medium — high Medium Medium Air Low Medium Medium — high Medium Medium — high Water Medium — high High High Medium — high Medium — high Control of odour Bad — good Bad — good good Medium — good good Working environment

Bad — good Medium — good good good good


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Biological method Thermal method

Compost Anaerobic Digestion Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification Energy recovery No Yes;

3 200 MJ/ tonne waste

Yes; 2 700 MJ/tonnes waste

Yes; approx. 70 % of incineration + energy contained in the by-product char

Yes; as incineration

Carbon cycle ( % of weight)

50 % in compost 50 % to air

75 % in fibres/liquids 25 % as biogas

1 % in solids 99 % to air

20–30 % in solids 70–80 % to air

2 % in solids 98 % to air

Nutrient recovery (kg nutrient/tonne waste input)

Yes; 2.5–10 kg N 0.5–1 kg P 1–2 kg K

Yes; 4.0–4.5 kg N 0.5–1 kg P 2.5–3 kg K

No No No

Products for recycling or recovery, (weight- % of waste input)

40-50 % compost 30 % fibres, 50–65 % fluids

15–25 % bottom ash (incl. clinker grit, glass), 3 % metal

30–50 % char (incl. bottom ash, clinker, grit, glass), 3 % metal

15–25 % vitrified bottom ash (incl. clinker grit, glass). 3 % metal

Residuals for other waste treatment or for land filling (weight- % of waste input)

2–20 % overflow sieving (plastic, metal, glass, stones)

2–20 % overflow sieving (plastic, metal, glass, stones)

3 % fly ash (incl. flue gas residues)

2–3 % flue gas residues

2 % gas cleaning residues

Source: Biodegradable municipal waste management in Europe, January 2002


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7. CALCULATION OF NEEDED CAPACITY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

7.1 Projects concerning waste management

During the period of elaborating the RWMP there have been identified the existing projects, at regional level concerning waste management, which can be grouped in 3 categories:

� PHARE CES projects – are already approved and are to be implemented in 2007-2008 – 11 projects;

� Integrated waste management systems at county level – which are to be financed through structural funds (Botosani,Suceava, Vaslui county) or through governmental funds (Iasi county);

� Other type of projects.

7-1: List of proposed projects for Region 1

Beneficiary Name of the project Financing Bacau county Bacau Local Council Integrated waste management in

Bacau Municipality and surrounding areas located in Bacau County

ISPA approved

Tg. Ocna Local Council Selective collection and transport of waste in the touristic area Tirgu Ocna, Botosani county

Financing scheme Phare CES 2004

Moineşti Local Council System of selective collection, recovery centre and optimization of waste transport in Moinesti municipality and neighbouring communes


Comanesti Local Council

System of selective collection and recycling of household waste through Comanesti transfer station


Botosani county Botosani County Council in association with all the local councils in the county.

Project proposal “ Integrated household waste management and the fitting out of a controlled landfill”

ISPA 2005 programme

Dorohoi Local Council Sustainable waste management system in Dorohoi area


Iasi county Iasi Local Council Integrated waste management in

Iasi county 75% governmental grant approved by GD 537/2006)

Neamt county Borca municipal council The use of sawdust from Borca area Neamţ County Council The use of wood waste to generate

thermal energy (Wood waste to energy)

Taşca local council Selective collection system and transfer station of waste from Valea Bicazului touristic area


Suceava county


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Suceava County Council

Setting up two sanitary (ecological) landfills, one in Suceava and one in C-lung Mold., with the necessary infrastructure on the entire county territory, including the organization of collection, transport and recovery of household waste

Cohesion funds (ISPA 2)

Cornu Luncii Local Council

Implementing the collection and transport of household waste system in Cornu Luncii, Baia, Boroaia, Forasti and Malin communes, from Suceava county


Gura Humorului Local Council

Selective collection system and the fitting up of a transfer station for waste, in Gura Humorului municipality area


Radauti Local Council The rehabilitation of the collection and transport system and the setting up of a mechanical waste treatment station in Radauti municipality.


Vatra Dornei Local Council

The rehabilitation of the collection and transport system and the setting up of a transfer station for household waste in Vatra Dornei.


SC Mondeco SRL Incinerator for hazardous waste with a designed capacity of 10.800 tonnes

Environmental Fund – approved project

Stefan cel Mare Suceava University

Ensemble of measures concerning the education and awareness of Suceava municipality population regarding the necessity of sorting and recycling waste- the basic elements for environmental protection.

Environment Fund- approved project

Vaslui county Vaslui County Council in association with the local council of Vaslui, Barlad and Husi

Regional municipal waste management in Vaslui county, Vaslui –Barlad area

Structural funds (ISPA 2)

Negreşti Local Council Selective collection and recovery of recyclable waste system in Negresti area, Vaslui county


Husi Local Council Development of household waste selective collection system in Husi municipality



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7.2 Collection and transport

Selective collection of packaging waste

To calculate the collection and transport equipments there have been taken into consideration that the most important restraints are those imposed by the targets set out according to the GD 621/2005 regarding packaging waste.

For establishing the population that has to collect selectively in order to reach the targets the following have been considered:

� The total necessary quantities to be recovered/recycled in order to reach the targets;

� The distribution among the industrial/commercial sector and population of the generated quantities for each type of packaging material (tables 4.10 and 4.12, chapter 4) ;

� The legal obligation of the economic operators (industry, commerce, institutions) to ensure recycling/recovery of the entire quantity of generated packaging waste (art 20 of GD 621/2005 regarding the management of packaging and packaging waste). In the calculation it has been considered that for paper and cardboard, plastic, glass and metals 95% of the generated quantity is given for recycling. For wood, it has been considered that is given for recycling: for 2003-2009 10% of the generated quantity; for 2010-12%, for 2011- 15%, for 2012 – 20%, for 2013 – 30%. The remaining until 95% is considered to be energetically valorised;

� The difference until the necessary quantity needed to reach the targets will be collected selectively from the population;

� The collection of paper and cardboard waste from the population will be done separately (individually, through collection points or through collection centers) in order to ensure the minimum quality demands imposed by the recyclers. The rest of the recyclable materials (plastic, glass, metal) are collected undifferentiated, but separately from the humid fraction, leaving it up to every community to establish the method of collection (in bags, bins or collection points, on type of material or mixed with an ulterior sorting).

The determination of the area covered by selective collection has been done as follows:

� until 2008:

o for selective collection of paper and cardboard - the number of population was determined considering the recycling targets in the implementation plan;

o for the remaining types of material – the number of population that has to collect selectively is set as a maximum value of the population that ensures the fulfillment of targets for each material, this material resulted to be plastic;

� after 2008 – because the annual growth of the global objective is bigger than the growth of minimum targets per material, is imposed a bigger growth of the coverage area for selective collection, as follows:

o for selective collection of paper and cardboard – an annual growth with 15% of the population that has to collect selectively;

o for the remaining types of material – it has been followed a homogenization in stages of the selective collection for all types of material (the people that collect selectively paper to participate in the selective collection of all other fractions).


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International experience shows that the rate of recovery of the collected quantities is never 100%. The recovery rate represents the report between the collected quantity in order to be recycled and the generated one per inhabitant. Because of this, for the calculation of the real population that has to collect separately by 2008, the recovery rate is 0.6, for 2009-2010 the recovery rate is 0.62 and for 2011-2013 is 0.67.

Table 7-2: Population involved in selective collection of recyclable materials

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ideal population that has to collect selectively paper and cardboard

611.760 928.829 1.068.153 1.228.376

1.412.633 1.624.528 1.868.20

7

Ideal population that has to collect selectively plastic, glass, metal

274.788 312.374 349.777 444.052 682.609 1.039.524 1.395.029

Real population that has to collect selectively paper and cardboard

1.039.992 1.569.721 1.815.860 2.088.239

2.118.949 2.436.792 2.428.66

9

Real population that has to collect selectively plastic, glass, metal

467.139 531.035 594.620 754.888 1.023.91

3 1.559.286

1.799.587

In 2008, the necessary population to be involved in selective collection of paper and cardboard waste is about 40% of the total population of the region. Thus, the target for paper, in 2008, can be reached if the entire population in urban area collects differentiated. In concerns of the population involved in the selective collection of plastic, glass and metal, this represents approximately 14% of the total population of the region.

In 2011, for the selective collection of paper and cardboard waste a target is not specified, but, in order to reach the total recycling target, the collection of paper must grow progressively with 15% in regards to 2008. In concerns of the population that has to collect selectively the plastic, glass and metal waste, it has to grow with 2% in regards to the population in 2008. Thus, the necessary population to be involved in the selective collection of paper and cardboard is 60% of the total population of the region.

In 2013, to reach the total recycling target, in the selective collection process there has to be involved the population in the rural area. The necessary population to be involved in selective collection of paper and cardboard is about 70 % of the total population of the region respectively 40 % for selective collection of plastic, glass and metal waste.

If we assume that these waste will be collected in 4 fractions, meaning paper, glass, plastic/metal and humid fraction, in the following table is presented the quantity of waste selectively collected.


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Table 7-3: Quantities of collected waste in 4 fractions kt/year

To determine the number of necessary containers for the selective collection of glass it was considered the number of lifts per year, respectively 26 (2 lifts/month) and the type of containers (bell type with a capacity of 3 tonnes). These containers will be placed near the main commercial centers and/or other selected places.

The quantity of paper and cardboard waste separately collected contains, besides paper packaging other paper waste, other than packaging and impurities. So, in order to determine the numbers of containers it was considered the number of lifts per year to be of 52 (1 lift/week) and containers of 1100 l with a capacity of 0.3 t.

To determine the number of containers needed for the selective collection of paper it was considered a number of 52 lifts per year and containers of 1100 l with a capacity of 0.1 t.

In regards of the estimation of the number of containers needed to collect humid fraction, the following were considered:

� population in urban area that lives in apartments buildings, respectively in houses;

� population in urban area serviced by sanitation services;

� the number of lifts per year, respectively 104 for the population that lives in blocks of flats and 52 for the people that live in houses;

� the type of containers, respectively 1100 l containers for population that lives in flats and 120 l for those that live at houses.

The types of bins/containers for pre-collection may differ, according to the local choice. The only request that has to be fulfilled is that the containers must fit with the lifting system/the equipment of the collection vehicles.

Because of the separate collection system, the widely spread “chute” will be replaced by collection points set between the blocks of flats. For residential areas, besides the traditional brown bins of waste bags there will be organized collection points with bins for dry fractions by adding special containers for recyclable waste.

Selective collection of biodegradable waste

In order to reach the targets concerning municipal biodegradable waste, the following measures will be taken:

2008 2010 2013 Dry fractions Dry fractions Dry fractions

Paper Glass Plastic/Metal

Humid fraction Paper Glass

Plastic/Metal

Humid fraction Paper Glass

Plastic/Metal

Humid fraction

Urban selective

52.1 2.7 32,1 124,1 55,6 9 44,2 182 60 18,7 82 387,3

Rural selective

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban mixed 261,5 216,1 0 0 0 0

Household waste

Rural mixed

192,8 278,1 335,8

Waste similar to household 36,8 19,6 18,6 79,4 42,1 22 20,9 73,1 56,1 25,5 24,2 56,1

TOTAL 89 22,4 50,7 657,9 97,7 31,1 65,1 255,2 116,1 44,2 106,2 443,5


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� Separate collection of green waste from parks, gardens and markets, in order to compost them;

� Separate collection of organic waste from restaurants, cafeterias, supermarkets in order to compost them or to use them as animal food;

� Promote individual composting in households and/or on platforms in rural area.

� Selective collection of biodegradable waste in urban area.

Some of the methods of reducing biodegradable waste have the same approach as the recovery of packaging waste. In sorting stations, not only packaging waste is sorted, but also those that come from other sources. That is way it is considered as a way of reducing biodegradable waste the reduction of paper, cardboard and wood content from the household and similar to household waste. This method does not need any extra capacities for pre-collection and transport from those considered for recycling or sorting of waste.

7.3 Treatment and recovery

Treatment and recovery of packaging waste

Knowing the population that has to collect selectively in order to reach the targets concerning packaging waste and considering the legal obligation of the economic operators (industry, commerce, institutions) to ensure recycling/recovery of the entire generated quantity of packaging waste, the quantity of packaging waste that has to be collected for recycling has been determined. It was considered that for paper and cardboard, plastic, glass and metal 95% of the quantity generated by the industry, commerce and institutions is given for recycling, and in concerns of wood, there will be recycled a quantity that will ensure the fulfillment of targets, the rest of the quantity (20.000-30.000 t/year) will be energetically valorized.

Table 7-4: Quantities of packaging waste, collected separately from population, industry, commerce and institutions for recycling

Quantity (tonnes) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Paper and cardboard

26.657 30.056 33.372 36.969 42.611 47.048 51.160 55.847 61.217 67.396

Plastic 3.482 4.469 5.618 7.514 8.844 15.972 23.929 32.675 39.640 47.244

Glass 14.940 16.704 18.671 20.613 22.395 26.712 31.071 35.813 39.855 44.223

Metal 12.130 13.460 14.934 16.255 17.540 19.961 22.270 24.767 26.982 29.362

Wood 2.270 2.500 2.750 2.943 3.149 3.369 4.245 5.572 7.801 12.286

Total 59.482 67.189 75.346 84.294 94.539 113.062 132.676 154.675 175.496 200.511

The recycling capacities estimated to be needed are :

� Paper and cardboard - 60.000 t in 2008 - 80.000 t in 2013;

� plastic - 12.000 t in 2008 - 50.000 t in 2013;

� glass - 25.000 t in 2008 - 47.000 t in 2013;

� metal - 20.000 t in 2008 - 32.000 t in 2013 .

The quantities of packaging waste selective collected from the population must be sorted for recycling. To determine the sorting capacities the following were considered:


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� in addition to the packaing waste, also the recyclable waste other than packaging waste will be selectively collected

� out of the total quantity of waste that enters the sorting station, approximately 60% is waste that will be recycled.

Therefore, the minimum needed sorting capacities of recyclable waste collected from the population at regional level are :

� for 2008 – minimum 30.000 t/year for paper and cardboard and 40.000 t/year for the rest of the materials (plastic, metal, glass);

� for 2010 – minimum 45.000 t/year for paper and cardboard and 85.000 t/year for the rest of the material (plastic, metal, glass);

� for 2013 – minimum 80.000 t/year for paper and cardboard and 180.000 t/year for the rest of the materials (plastic, metal, glass);

The private sector, in accordance with the provisions of art.20 of GD 621/2005 concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste, the economic operators’ owners of packaging waste must ensure the recovery. Recycling of that waste through their own means or by giving them to the authorized economic agents.

Treatment of municipal biodegradable waste

According to the data presented in subchapter 4.4.1, the quantity of municipal biodegradable waste that has to be diverted from landfill is of 105.532 t in 2010 and of about 317.022 t in 2013.

A quantity of 100.000 t in 2010, respectively of 120.00 t in 2013 is represented by the paper, cardboard and wood waste that will be collected selectively for recycling.

The green waste from gardens, parks and markets will be collected selectively and composted. For these types of waste a quantity of 20.000 t in 2010 and of 25.000 t in 2013 is estimated.

The quantity of biodegradable waste generated in 1995 is much bigger than the one expected to be generated because it was calculated considering the population (according to MEWM and NEPA), and region 1 occupies the first position in terms of population.

Thus, the target for 2010 may be reached only through the recovery/recycling of paper, cardboard and wood waste. Though, to be in agreement with the European and national strategy concerning municipal biodegradable waste, and considering that at regional level there are composting capacities (Piatra Neamt), the following measures are recommended:

� Separate collection and composting of the entire quantity of green waste from parks, gardens and markets;

� Promoting the composting in households and on village platforms;

� Selective collection of biodegradable waste from the population so that the maximum functioning capacity of the existing installations is ensured.

To reach the target for 2013, besides the measures foreseen for 2010 there has to be ensured the treatment of a quantity of minimum 170.000 t. Treatment may be done by composting, anaerobic digestion, mechanical-biological treatment etc.


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2010 2013

Quantity of municipal biodegradable waste that has to be diverted from landfilling (tonnes) 106.000 317.000

Quantity of paper, cardboard and wood selective collected for recycling (tonnes) 100.000 120.000

Quantity of park, gardens, and market waste selective collected for composting (tonnes) 20.000 25.000

Quantity of street waste selective collected for composting (tonnes) 5.000

167.000

7.4 Disposal

At regional level there are 29 non complaint urban landfills, that will cease their activity according to GD 349/2005 and a compliant landfill in Piatra Neamt, Piatra Neamt County. The old landfill in Piatra Neamt has ceased depositing in 2005, in accordance with the legislative regulations concerning environment. In Vaslui County there are 3 landfills that have as a closing date 2006. Two of them have been already ceased the disposal, the last one being in process of closing, this being done by the end of the year.

In the commitments assumed by Romania, within the negotiation process for the access in the European Union, 9 compliant landfills are foreseen, as follows: 2 landfills in Bacau County (Bacau and Onesti municipalities), one landfill in Botosani County ( Botosani municipality), one landfill in Iasi County (Iasi Municipality), 2 landfills in Neamt County ( Piatra Neamt and Roman municipalities), 2 landfills in Suceava County (Suceava and Campulung Moldovenesc municipalities), one landfill in Vaslui County ( Vaslui municipality).

Among the projects identified at regional level, the following landfills are estimated to be realized:

� 2 regional landfills in Bacau County – 2010, respectively 2013*;

� 1 regional landfill in Iasi County – 2010;

� 1 regional landfill in Botosani County – 2012 - 2013;

� 2 regional landfills in Suceava County – 2012 - 2013;

� 1 regional landfill in Vaslui County – 2012 – 2013;

*For Bacau County, the ISPA project (Measure 2004 RO/16/P/PE/007 “Integrated waste management in Bacau municipality and surrounding areas located in Bacau County) contain the following aspects:

� The first stage: construction of a compliant landfill in Bacau Municipality, closure of the existing landfill, rehabilitation of the area as well as closure and rehabilitation of noncompliant landfills from the 20 neighbouring communes

� The second stage of the project is related to the extension of the integrated waste management at regional level, including the construction of the second compliant landfill in Onesti Municipality.

The total landfill capacity for the next 5 years, in case of applying all quantity reduction measures described above and presented in chapter 6, is of 900 m3 /year.


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In 2013 all urban population is collecting selectively which means that at the landfill will be deposited waste collected from rural areas, except those collected selectively, refusal from sorting, composting, or bio-mechanical treatment stations or waste from public services, like those from the street, gardens/parks cleaning.

Table 7-5: Summary of in landfills in operation for Region 1 North East Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Non compliant landfills

30 30 29 26 26 22 9 8 6 2 2

Ceased disposal - - 1 3 - 4 13 1 2 4 -

Compliant landfills 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 8

Location of the compliant landfills

P.Neamţ

P.Neamţ P.Neamţ

P.Neamţ P.Neamţ

P.Neamţ

P.Neamţ

P. Neamţ Bacău Iaşi



P. Neamţ Bacău Iaşi Suceava Oneşti Roşieşti- Vaslui Suceava 2 Botoşani

TOTAL landfills under operation

31 31 30 27 27 23 10 11 9 5 10

Considering the existing situation and the projects identified at regional level, the following result:

� Bacau County:

o There have to be identified financing sources for the stage closure of the 6 non-compliant landfills, except for the landfill that serves Bacau Municipality that will be closed under ISPA project;

o There have to be identified financing sources for the transfer stations and for the assurance of waste transport to the complaint landfill in Bacau;

� Botosani County:

o There has to be ceased the disposal of waste in Dorohoi landfill in 2009, those one from Botosani Municipality being foreseen to cease the disposal in 2012;

o Until the implementation of the integrated waste management system there will be realized the transport of waste to the authorized landfills;

� Iasi County:

o There has to be ceased the depositing for 3 landfills in 2009;

o Development of the necessary waste transport infrastructure from the landfills that will be closed in 2009 to the new sanitary landfill from Iasi that will open in 2010. Until the opening of the second regional landfill foreseen to be built, there has to be find a solution for 2012 when the landfill from Targu Frumos will be closed.


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� Neamt County:

o Three landfills will have to be closed, out of which 2 in 2012 and one in 2009.

o In Bicaz area there is foreseen the construction of a transfer station in 2008, but starting 2009, once with the closure of the landfill from Bicaz there have to be fond solution for the depositing of those waste.

o Sources for financing have to be identified for the construction of the second regional compliant landfill foreseen to be build in Roman Locality

� Suceava County

o There has to be ceased the depositing for 7 deposits, out of which 3 landfills in 2008, 1 landfill in 2009, 1 landfill in 2010 and 2 landfills in 2011;

o Buiding up new depositing capacities and transfer stations correlated with the years of ceasing the activity of the non-complaint landfills.

� Vaslui County

o Building up new depositing capacities and transfer stations correlated with the years of ceasing the activity of the non-compliant landfills.

The preliminary recommendation included in this chapter do not have to be considered as limitative, WMRP (PRGD) was based on data from 2003. It is expected that new data and future studies to allow definitive evaluations that will lead to different technical recommendations.


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Non hazardous waste flow scheme - 2010

Dig

este

d p

rodu

ct s

0 t

Household waste and similar from commerce, industry, institutions 115.000 t, out of which 1.000.000 collected

Mixed colected waste: 750.000 t Separate collected waste: 250.000 t

-

750.000 t

I

Mixed collected waste, rezidual substances from sorting and treatment

783.000 t

Landfilling

Res

iduu

es 0

Rez

isuu

es 0

t

Waste destinated for recycling separately collecte

230.000 t

Bio

degr

adab

le

was

te

sepa

rate

lly

colle

cted

Sorting and other treatment methods

Sorting and other treatment method

Recycling Composting

Bio

degr

adab

le w

aste

15.0

00 t

Recyclable waste

180.000 t

Thermal recovery

Rez

iduu

ri cu

put

ere

caal

oric

a rid

icat

a 1

7.00

0 t

Rez

iduu

ri 3

3.00

0 t

R

Com

post

Legend: MBT Mechano-Biological

Treatment V Recovery


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Non hazardous waste flow scheme – 2013

Dig

este

d pr

oduc

ts

100.

000

t

Household waste and similar from commerce, industry, institutions 1.132.000 t, din care 1.132.000 colectate

Mixed collected waste: 649.000 t Separatelly collected waste: 483.000 t

200.

000

t

-

449.000 t

MBT Incineration

Mixed collected waste, sorting residues, digested products from MBT

519.000 t

Landfilling

Res

idua

l sub

sta

nces

10.

000

Rez

isul

a S

ubst

ance

s 0

t

Recyclable waste separately collected

386.000 t

Bio

degr

adab

le w

aste

se

para

tely

col

lect

ed

97.0

00 t

Sorting and other treatment methods

Sorting and other treatment methd

Recycling Composting

Bio

degr

adab

le w

aste

80.0

00 t

Recyclable

144.000 t

Thermal recovery

Was

te d

estin

ated

for

ther

msl

rec

over

y 3

6.00

0 t

Res

idue

s 6

0.00

0 t

R

Com

post

Legend: \\\\mbt Mechanical – Biological

Treatment R valorificare


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8. COST ASSESSMENT

8.1 Costing Assumptions

Investment costs associated with proposed improvements in waste management services have been derived from a number of sources. Prices are to the greatest extent possible based on recent project experience within Romania, combined with waste management expert experience with costing facilities and equipment in connection with international projects.

It must be stressed that there exists a great amount of uncertainty regarding the precise level of investment costs associated with proposed investments. At the current, regional Master Planning, level of analysis, information is not yet available concerning the specific placement of facility sites (landfills, transfer stations, sorting, composting etc). Therefore it is not possible to make cost adjustments depending on site conditions (specific site conditions can have a significant impact on investment costs for especially landfill investments). Operating costs, especially transport costs, are also greatly influenced by site locations.

A greater level of certainty with regard to costing will be achieved in subsequent planning phases in connection with feasibility studies and accompanying conceptual design and detailed design on the basis of specific sites and identification of specific facility characteristics.

At the current stage in the planning process, investment costs are based on overall average costs for various facility or equipment types.

A number of sources providing recent waste sector data in Romania have been consulted including:

� ISPA Financing Memorandums Agreed between the EC and Romania in connection with waste management investment programmes in Arges, Bacau, Galati, Dambovita, Piatra Neamt, Teleorman and Ramnicu Valcea;

� Waste Management Master plans elaborated in 2005-2006 for Bistrita Nasaud, Giurgiu, Harghita-Covasna, Maramures and Vrancea1 provides unit costs for both investments and O&M across a range of activity areas;

� FINAL REPORT, Technical Assistance for the Elaboration of the Environmental Cost Assessment and Investment Plan, Phare Project RO 0107.15.03, drafted by Consortium: Eptisa International, Regional Environmental Center, 29 September 2005. Provides unit costs for both investments and O&M across a range of activity areas.

Additionally, a number of sources providing standard unit costs in connection with international waste management investment programmes have been consulted, including:

1 These plans were drafted within Technical Assistance for project preparation in the waste sector, Romania Europeaid/119085/D/SV/ROMANIA by the Royal Haskoning/ERM and I Group consortium.


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� “Costs for Municipal Waste Management in the EU”, Eunomia research and consulting on behalf of Ecotec. This report provides price comparisons within waste management for EU15 countries in 2001 for all phases of the waste management cycle;

� Recycling/sorting and transfer station costs estimates were found in D. Hogg and J Hummel (2002) The Legislative Driven Economic Framework Promoting Recycling in the UK;

� BMT costs estimates were found in VITO (2001) Vergelijkning van Verwerkingsscenario Voor Rest fractie van HHA en Nietspecifiiek Categorie II Bedrijfsafval, Eindrapport.

The above-mentioned Waste Management Master plans elaborated in 2005-2006 for Bistrita Nasaud, Giurgiu, Harghita-Covasna, Maramures and Vrancea proved a valuable source in estimating investment costs. This source offers the advantage of providing very recent, locally applicable unit costs for investments and operating costs. The Master plans were only just approved in summer of 2006 and unit cost estimates appear to be accurate enough for regional planning purposes. The Master plans cost estimates are based on a range of unit costs for a range of waste management activities - typically costs per person served or costs per ton.

In addition to the above sources, in many cases cost estimates are based on the internal estimates provided by project Waste Management Experts, based on their extensive international project experience

The entire range of Investment and Operating & Maintenance unit cost assumptions utilised can be seen in Annex 5-1.

8.2 Costs of Proposed Regional Investments

Proposed waste management investments are detailed in Chapter 7. Investment Units within each major category of service (collection, transport, treatment etc) are summarised and presented in Annex 5-2.

Taking as a reference point the proposed investment programme for the region, and the aforementioned unit cost guidelines, the following investment costs have been estimated.

The total programme represents investments of EURO 121.0 million distributed between 2007 and 2013. This amount does not include previously financed EU initiatives.

Beyond 2013, annual replacements for containers of approximately Euro 1.4 million will be necessary.

Table 8-1: Investment Cost Summary for Region 1 (2007-2013)

Comment Units Unit price Euro

TOTAL Euro 000

Collection & Transport Activities Containers/bins 175.521 28.222 Eurocontainer 1 m3 59.726 400 22.945 Eurocontainer 5 m3 67 2000 134 Bins -120 liter 13.000 40 520 Bins - 240 liter 102.728 45 4.623 Collection Equipment 79 13035 Collect/Compaction vehicles Various sizes 79 165.000 13.035

Different waste facilities


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Transfer stations 68833 t capacity

5 500000 1500

Sorting/Treatment Investment

41 22845

Sorting Plant (s)

267,000 t/ year capacity, of

which 130,000 t not yet financed

28 20,48 1024

Composting Area

~135,000 t/ year capacity,

100,000 not yet financed

18 33,63 4876

MBT 200,000 t capacity 1 80,00 16.000

Landfill Investment 43.524 Landfill Neamt ISPA financed 9,3 0 Landfill Bacau ISPA financed 9,3 0 Landfill Iasi 200 t year 9,3 16.740 Landfill Botasani 70 t year 9,3 5.859 Landfill Suceava 160 t year 9,3 13.392 Landfill Vaslui 90 t year 9,3 7.533 Landfill Closure 87 hectares 150.000 11.910 TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 121036

Note: The total does not include approved ISPA investments. This is presented separately below.

Apart from investments estimated above, there are two approved ISPA projects in Region 12.One project (2001/RO/16/P/PE/014) is Integrated Municipal Waste Management System in Piatra Neamt, with a value of M€14.6 out of which the ISPA Grant is M€10.37. An indicative cost breakdown is provided in table below.

Table 8-2: Indicative cost breakdown for Piatra Neamt ISPA Project (in million euro)

PROJECT COSTS Total Of which:non-

eligible For ISPA

Expenditure incurred before application

Planning/design fees 0 0.25 Land purchase* - - Site preparation 0.4 0 Main works 4.9 0 Plant and machinery 5.7 0 Technical assistance - 0 Supervision during implementation

0.5 0

Contingencies 2.4 0 Taxes/public levies 0.7 0.7 0 Other: - - 0 TOTAL 14.6 0.7 0.25

2 ISPA Projects Approved by the Management Committee in June 2006


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Source of the data: ISPA Measure No.: 2001 2000/RO/16/P/PE/001., FINANCING MEMORANDUM agreed between the European Commission and the Republic of Romania Concerning the grant of assistance from the Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession to the following measure PIATRA NEAMT Waste Management Programme in Romania.

Total cost: 14,575 M€

Eligible cost: 13,846 M€

Rate of assistance: 74.924%

ISPA assistance: 10,37 M€

Another project (2004/RO/16/P/PE/007) is Zonal ecological landfill in BACAU, with a value of M€20.5 out of which the ISPA Grant is M€20. An indicative cost breakdown is provided in table below.

Table 8-3: Indicative cost breakdown for BACAU ISPA Project (1000 €)

ITEM :

TOTAL COSTS

INELIGIBLE COSTS

TOTAL ELIGIBLE COSTS

Planning/Design fees 0 0 0 Land purchase 0 0 0 Site preparation 500 0 500 Main works 8760 0 8760 Plant and machinery 5540 0 5540 Technical assistance 2760 0 2760 Supervision and implementation 850 0 850

Publicity 40 0 40 Contingencies (< 10%) 1500 0 1500 Independent evaluators (part of TA) 50 0 50

Interest during construction 500 500 0

TOTALS 20500 500 20000

Source of the data: ISPA Measure No.: 2004/RO/16/P/PE/007., FINANCING MEMORANDUM agreed between the European Commission and the Republic of Romania Concerning the grant of assistance from the Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession to the following measure Zonal ecological landfill in BACAU in Romania.

8.3 Affordability Implications of Proposed Investments

Waste Management system improvements will have tariff implications for end-users. The precise impacts upon user tariffs throughout the region must be determined through feasibility studies for specific projects and investment programmes (with due consideration for characteristics of specific sites of treatment/landfill facilities and transfer stations where applicable).

Specific future user tariffs to be applied throughout the region are a function of a number of factors, including but not limited to the following:

� existing cost structures of service providers; � level of existing tariffs applied throughout the region and adequacy of existing

tariffs to fully cover costs (both O&M and investments); � waste characteristics within specific service areas and distribution of waste

generated/collected between households and non-households;


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� depreciation costs of all existing assets and proposed investments; � annual asset replacement needs (i.e. useful remaining lives of existing assets); � financing structure for new assets and level of existing debt service costs within

the systems; � user payment performance (bad debt levels, and timeliness of user payments); � detailed investment plans (accurate costing of all investment components, based

on specific sites of facilities and fully cost considering foreign/local split, contingencies, inflation etc);

� detailed operating costs taking as a point of reference the existing cost structure and adjusting for impacts from proposed investments and operational/procedural changes;

It can be expected that a degree of variation in tariffs will be seen throughout the region as service providers face varying cost structures (particularly with regard to local collection activities for which costs will vary depending on collection methods used, density of population, frequency of collection, transport distances to landfill etc).

It is outside the scope of the current regional plan to assess the specific tariff consequences of needed waste management investments throughout the region. The scope of the current analysis is upon identification of over-arching system needs; detailed assessments of financial feasibility/sustainability and tariff consequences must be a addressed in subsequent feasibility study analyses involving detailed technical assessments of systems and facility sites and detailed financial assessments of waste management companies.

Within the context of the current Regional Plan it is only possible to comment generally upon tariff implications for the system as a whole.

8.3.1 Macro Affordability

Of principal concern is that waste management systems are able to provide services that are affordable to, especially, household consumers. While, for the reasons stated above, it is not possible at this stage of the analysis to determine specifically the tariff implications for households throughout the regional service area, it is possible to make a general assessment of overall, macro, affordability levels before and after implementation of proposed system investments.

The aim of affordability analysis, at this stage of regional master planning, is to determine the approximate overall threshold tariff that can be supported by the population.

Affordability is taken to mean the capacity of the users of waste management services to pay for those services without jeopardizing their ability to meet other basic needs. It is important to identify users’ ability to pay in assessing the economic affordability of waste services (the customer’s solvency). A solvency indicator is used to gauge whether or not household income is sufficient to cover the increased costs of waste services without seriously prejudicing its ability to pay for other basic needs. A household is considered unable to pay service charges when this would require a reduction in expenditures on other such essential goods and services.

According to waste management industry standards, the acceptable affordability threshold for waste management services is approximately 1.5% of average household income levels – i.e. monthly waste management costs for an average household should not exceed 1.5% of household monthly income levels (where costs should cover the entire cycle of waste services – collection, transport, sorting, treatment and disposal).


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We note, however, that although such a criterion is useful for developing an overall waste management strategy, the formulation of tariff policy must recognize that the incomes of many households are below the average. On account of the financial hardship being suffered already by such households, it is imperative to ensure that policy measures are in place to protect such users from having to pay charges that are high relative to their incomes.

The macro-affordability assessment is made upon the basis of average household income levels within the region. Official statistics are available regarding household income levels for Romania as a whole and for major regions, as determined through household surveys. Latest available data is for the year 2004. Considered are incomes from various sources including both cash income and income from in-kind sources (trade of goods services and value of home grown vegetables, home produced goods etc).

A specification of income in Region 1 is presented in the following table.

Table 8-4: Income level for Region 1 (2004)

Households of: Development

region

Total

households Employees Farmers Unemployed Pensioners

Total income monthly per person Total income 1. North - East 3386848 4309685 2634201 2164857 3290458

percentage Money income, of which 69 80,7 48,0 68,1 62,4

Gross salaries and other salary rights 35,4 68,9 7,1 25,4 12,2

Income from agriculture 5,2 1,2 19,0 4,1 4,4

Income from non-agricultural independent activities

4,3 1,1 2,6 2,0 2,0

Income from social provisions 18,2 4,9 14,7 20,9 38,8

Income from ownership 0,3 0,1 *) 0,7 0,1

Equivalent value of income in kind obtained by employees and receivers of social provisions

1,9 2,4 1,1 3,3 1,5

Equivalent value of consumption of agricultural products from own resources

29,1 16,9 50,9 28,6 36,1

Source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook, 2005; Income Specification, 2004


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For the purpose of the current analysis it is assumed that future income levels will increase by the growth rate of GDP in each region. Forecast GDP growth rates for the 2006-2009 period have been elaborated for Romania as a whole and for all major regions by the Romanian Commission for Prognoses and are presented in the table below. Reflected in the table is a simplifying assumption that the annual growth rate beyond 2009 will trap down to 5%, and remain at 5% in 2011 and beyond per year in all regions.

Table 8-5:. GDP Developments, annual % change

Actual Actual Actual National Commission for Prognoses and Forecast

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Romania 5,2 8,4 4,1 6,0 6,2 6,3 1. NORD - EST 6,7 5,7 2,2 5,8 6,1 6,5 2. SUD - EST 5,0 10,3 2,6 5,9 5,9 6,2 3. SUD 6,5 10,6 3,7 6,0 6,0 6,1 4. SUD - VEST 11,3 9,1 2,6 6,1 5,8 6,0 5. VEST 9,6 8,5 5,6 5,8 5,7 5,9 6. NORD - VEST 8,0 6,3 2,6 5,4 5,9 6,2 7. CENTRU 4,7 8,4 3,8 5,7 5,9 6,0 8. BUCURESTI -1,9 8,7 7,3 6,6 7,1 6,8 Source of the data: National Commission for Prognoses and Forecast and consultant estimate

Taking as a point of reference 2004 income levels, and adjusting for regional GDP forecasts, the acceptable threshold monthly waste management costs can be calculated for each region.

Table 8-6: Affordability threshold for waste management, in Romania, EURO per month/per person 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Romania 1,47 1,53 1,62 1,72 1,83 1,94 2,05 2,15 2,26 2,37 1. NORD - EST

1,35 1,38 1,46 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,85 1,94 2,04 2,14

2. SUD - EST 1,32 1,35 1,43 1,51 1,61 1,70 1,80 1,89 1,98 2,08 3. SUD 1,34 1,39 1,47 1,56 1,66 1,76 1,85 1,95 2,04 2,14 4. SUD - VEST

1,38 1,42 1,50 1,59 1,69 1,79 1,89 1,98 2,08 2,18

5. VEST 1,57 1,66 1,75 1,85 1,96 2,08 2,19 2,30 2,42 2,54 6. NORD - VEST 1,55 1,59 1,68 1,78 1,89 2,00 2,11 2,22 2,33 2,44

7. CENTRU 1,53 1,58 1,67 1,77 1,88 1,99 2,10 2,21 2,32 2,43 8. BUCURESTI

1,91 2,05 2,19 2,34 2,50 2,65 2,80 2,94 3,08 3,24

Source of the data: Romanian Yearbook of Statistics and consultant estimate

For Region 1, affordable monthly costs increase from 1.35 Euro to 2.14 Euro between years 2004 and 2013. Affordability thresholds are highest in Region 8 (Bucharest) where maximum acceptable monthly charges exceed national averages by roughly 30%.

Ideally, distinctions could be made between income and affordability levels in urban and rural areas. Unfortunately, regional level income data is not available which distinguishes between households in urban and rural areas. However, the Rural Development Study of Romania (2003) suggests that income levels in rural households are approximately 85% that of urban households, as can be seen in the table below.


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Table 8-7: Sources of income in Romania (2002)

Sources of income Urban Rural Salary and Self employed income (Euro/month) 143 122 Salary and Self employed income (%) 61% 28% Food Self-consumption, Sale of agro-foods & livestock 11% 45% Social protection aids 19% 20% Other income 9% 7% TOTAL 100% 100%

Source: The Rural Development Study for Romania - 2003

The most important source of income for households in the urban area is salary and incomes from self-employed activities, followed by social protection aids. Self-produced food and other agricultural products have a lower impact on the total income of urban households (11% of total income).

In rural areas, the most important source of income is from agricultural activities undertaken by the household (in both monetary terms and in kind); these activities account for 45% of total income. Other main sources are salary and self employed income (28%) and social protection aids (20%).

The results of the Rural Development Study can be used to roughly approximate rural household affordability thresholds. In Region 1, rural households account for approximately 56% of the population3. It can be roughly approximated that affordability threshold for persons residing in rural households range from EURO 1.26 in 2004 to EURO 1.99 in 2013 per month.

Table 8-8: Rural/urban split in Region 1 (on July 1, 2004)

As percentage of total Inhabitants / km2 Urban Rural

Region1. North - East 43,6 56,4 101,6 Bacău 46,4 53,6 109,3 Botoşani 41,6 58,4 92,4 Iaşi 47,0 53,0 148,6 Neamţ 38,7 61,3 96,9 Suceava 43,4 56,6 82,5

Source: Data from Romanian Yearbook of Statistics., 2006

8.3.2 Existing Tariff Levels

It is outside the scope of the current planning process to perform a systematic inventory of tariff levels for all service providers in the region. However, presented in the table below are example household tariff levels for waste management services applied by a range of service providers in Region 4. Tariffs applied to households in 2006 range from between 2.42 to 3.86 RON per person/month (approximately Euro 0.7 – 1.1). This level represents a range of between 50%- 75% of the estimated 2006 affordable threshold tariff of Euro 1.46 per person/month for households with average incomes. In other words, there is affordable scope in 2006 alone for tariff increases in the range of 0.35-0.75 EURO per person per month, and scope is expected to increase annually with increased income levels.

3 In 2004


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Table 8-9: Tariff levels for waste management in Region 1 (2006) Quantity collected (30.06.2006) Collection tariff (including

VAT) out of which

Population Companies and public institutions

Tariff for landfilling including

VAT

total

population Companies and public institutions

Name of the Operator

RON/pers/month

RON/mc/months

RON/mc mc mc mc

Oneşti 3,86 42,84 4,08 26540 20.195 6.345

Botoşani 2,76 38,39 10,16 22160 13.082 9.078 Iaşi 2,70 29,50 19,30 408972 386.203 22.769 Piatra Neamţ 3,28 42,73 11,41 lei/to 54972 42.607 12.365

Suceava 2,82 31,07 3,08 11870 8.309 3.561 Vaslui

2,42 20,22 3,83 35337 16.916 18.421

Average tariff Reg. 1 2,79

Source: Data from ANRSC, 2006

8.3.3 Tariff Impacts of Proposed Investments

Simple cash flow projections have been elaborated considering the incremental investment costs and operating & maintenance cost impacts of the proposed investments in waste management services in the region. Considered only are the costs associated with the preferred technical alternative as defined in Chapter 7.

It must be stressed that considered only are incremental costs of proposed investments over a 2006-2025 planning period, i.e. the additional investment and operating cost impacts (increase/decrease) of the proposed regional waste management improvements. The existing costs associated with operating waste management services within the region are held outside of the analysis and are assumed to be held constant. It is assumed that existing tariffs are sufficient to cover annual replacement costs of baseline (pre 2007) assets (containers, vehicles etc).

The cash flow projections are presented in Annex 8-2.

The analysis can be characterised as follows:

� elaborated on a “cash basis”, i.e. it is assumed that all investments and operating costs are to be financed by cash as they arise. Accounting depreciation will not be considered. Any asset replacements needed during the planning period will be considered on a cash basis;

� elaborated in real terms, fixed 2006 prices adjusting only for real price increases over the planning period;

� consider incremental investment costs over the planning period (as locations and specific characteristics of facilities are not yet known, these costs are based on average, standard unit costs);

� consider O&M costs for various categories of activities: collection, sorting/recycling/transfer, transport and disposal. (costs for individual components based to the greatest extent possible on standard unit costs). Only incremental costs are considered;


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� do not consider investment costs for previously approved ISPA projects for which investment financing has been committed. O&M costs of ISPA projects are however considered.

� consider waste projections over the planning period.

The result of the analysis is a calculation of the overall NPV associated with the incremental costs of implementing waste management service improvements (considering both invest and O&M costs over the planning period).

Also calculated is the NPV/per ton waste over the planning period as well as NPV per person/month.

It is important to stress that this figure is not the same as an actual tariff to be applied to consumers – the actual tariff to be applied will be a function of many factors including upon local conditions, financing method for investments, user payment performance etc.

The NPV of Investment per person/month represents the overall average cost per person/month of the investments over the planning period. Assuming an investment programme fully cash financed through user tariffs, the average impact of the investment programme would be 0.71 Euro per person per month.

It is however very likely that investment will be supported by EU and national grant supports. Assuming 70% grant supports towards investments (and O&M fully financed through tariffs), the average impact of the investment programme would be 0.57 Euro per person per month.

Table 8-10: Average impact of the investment programme in Region 1 Discount rate 5% NPV of Investment Actions (EURO 000) (incl Invest & O&M over 2007-2025 planning period) 375.670

NPV of Waste Flows (000 t generated) 13.798 NPV of Waste Flows (000 t collected) 13.118 Impact without EU support NPV Invest/t waste generated (Euro) 27,2 NPV Invest/t waste collected (Euro) 28,6 Incremental NPV Invest Per Person Per Month (Euro) 0,71 Incremental costs as percentage of Affordability Threshold 30%

Necessary Tariff as Percent of Affordable Threshold Over Planning Period 63%

Impact with EU support*) Investment grant support 70% Incremental NPV Invest Per Person with grant support (EURO) 0,57

Incremental costs as percentage of Affordability Threshold 24%

Necessary Tariff as Percent of Affordable Threshold Over Planning Period 58% *) EU support could be from EU Cohesion Fund; at present there is no commitment but this could change in the future.

The overall tariff consequences of the proposed investments are, on average, within acceptable affordable limits within the region during a 2007-2025 planning period. On average, needed tariffs during the planning period are 63% of the affordability threshold when not considering grant supports for investments and 58% of the affordability threshold if grant supports are considered.


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Affordability Threshold

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Euro Per Person/Month

Affordability Threshold, 1.5% of Average Income (Euro person/month)

Average Existing Household Tariffs

Necessary Tariffs without grant Support

Necessary Tariffs with grant Support

Figure 8-1: Affordability Threshold for Region 1

It should be stressed that the calculations above simply represent the per capita costs of the proposed investments and do not consider the actual share of expenses to be allocated to households or the consequences of cross-subsidies between consumer groups.


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9. IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES

Objectives, measures, targets and responsibilities related to waste management for Region1 North-East.

117

Table 9-1: Implementation measures

Field Main objectives Specific objectives Measures Targets Responsible

1.1.1. To elaborate specific normative acts, at county and local level, in accordance with the waste management policy and the national legislation, to implement an integrated waste management system, efficiently from the economical and environmental point of view.

Elaboration of decisions by County/Local Councils needful to implement the proposed objectives and reach the established targets

1.1.2. Encourage the local and county authorities to develop a joint waste management organization in terms of collection, disposal and separate collection in co-operation with the private sector.

Taking decision based on up and down and down and up consultations: � Organization of round-table meetings

with all involved parties both at regional and local level with the aim of developing a joint strategy with the private sector

Permanent with periodic revisions

REPA/ LEPA County/Local Councils

1.1. Develop legislative and organizational framework needful for implementation of an integrated waste management system.

1.1.3. The awareness of decision making factors and of population that a qualified waste management is of the highest importance for the health of the population

Ensure sufficient and well-trained staff on specific waste issues and especially civil engineers specialised for a more efficient control of landfills

Starting with 2007

REPA, LEPAs

1.2.1. Increase the importance of the legislation’s enforcement and control the environmental authorities in charge with the waste management

Ensure the necessary methodologies and resources for implementation and control of legislative implementation in the field of waste Elaboration and implementation of monitoring programmes

1.2.2. Strengthen the co-operation between the institutions related to the enforcement of waste management legislation.

Set up clear responsibilities for each authority involved both in implementation and monitoring and control of waste management. Strengthen the co-operation between REPA, NEPA, Environmental Guard with the view of continuously monitoring and controlling of legal requirements

Permanent Environmental Guard, REPA/ LEPAs County/Local Council

1.Regional policy development

1.2. Increase the effective enforcement of the waste management legislation

1.2.3. Increase the efficiency of the regional/county/local institutional structure by clear definition of responsibilities

Setting down and clear defining the informational and decisional circuits Define the responsibilities of each authority involved in the waste management, at all levels

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, RDA County/Local Council


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1.3.1. To inform all interested/implicated factors regarding the environment protection legislation in general and of environmental protection in particular.

Clear defining of the responsibilities and the competences and assuming the responsibilities at all levels based on the subsidiary principle

1.3. Rising the efficiency of the implementation of legislation in the waste management field

1.3.2. Rise the importance of monitoring and control activities done by the competent authorities in accordance to their responsibilities

Periodical monitoring and verifying the implementation of the legal requirements for economical agents that generate waste Implementation and extension of on-line monitoring ( with the transmission of data directly to the environmental authorities) of economical agents which carry on activities with a significant impact on environment.

Permanente

REPA/ LEPA, RDA, Environmental Guard

2.1.1 Create the conditions to increase the efficiency of the institutional structures and of the systems regarding the waste management activities.

Analyze the efficiency of the environmental protection structures and avoid the overlapping of the competences and responsibilities, by setting out a diagram of responsibilities and a functional cooperation mechanism

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard

2. Institutional and organizational aspects

2.1 Adapt and develop the institutional and structural to framework to fulfill the National and European requirements

2.1.2. Strengthen the administrative capacity of government institutions at regional level with competences and responsibilities for the implementation of the legislation and control of waste management activities.

Preparation of suitable measures, at environmental protection authorities level in order to strengthen the institutional capacity. Improvement of the co-operation between the environmental protection authorities and those ones responsible with the implementation of public investments

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard, County/Local Councils

3. Human resources

3.1. Assure the necessary human resources in terms of number and professional qualification

3.1.1. Assure sufficient and well trained staff and adequate equipment at all levels in the public sector – regional/county/local

Design a training program for regional and local institutions for: juridical affairs, technical control and inspection facilities, data recording, administrational affairs, tendering of services. Prepare training courses for the personnel from:REPA and LEPAs, County/Local Councils, Sanitation Companies and economical agents involved in waste management activities. Ensure the logistics and needful equipments, at all levels and for both public and private sector.

Starting with cu 2007

AREPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard, County/Local Council




4.1.1. Develop an affordable waste management system consisting of collection, transport, recovery, recycling, treatment and disposal.

Encourage the economical agents involved in waste collection, transport, treatment and recovery

Permanent Environmental Fund Association, County/Local Council

4.1.2. Optimize the acquisition and the application of all available national and international funds for investment (environmental, private, structural and other funds).

Organization of training sessions concerning the financing opportunities in the field of waste management. Prepare a priority list for investments adapted to the needs of Region correlated with those from county and local level Allocation of financing for: � Project preparation correlated with the

necessities of the region � Preparation of feasibility studies related

to priority investments � Financing or co-financing

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Council

4. Financing of the waste management sector

4.1. Establish and use the economical and financial systems and mechanisms for waste management considering the general principle and the subsidiary principle

4.1.3. Improve the municipal waste management and develop economical and financial mechanism in order to organize an integrated waste management system based on affordable fees which have to cover the cost of a qualified collection, treatment and controlled disposal.

Implementation of a integrated waste management system for all types of settlements Calculation of tariffs and fees related to waste management in such a way to cover all the operation costs including collection, selective collection, transport, treatment, recovery, disposal, closure of landfills, post-closure monitoring Initiate pilot projects as follows: „selective collection at source” – decreasing of tariffs „you pay what you generate” – the payment should be directly proportional to quantity of generated waste or implementation of other projects of optimization

2007 with permanent concern

County/Local Councils




4.1.4.Encourage the use of all economical and financial mechanism for special waste stream management which means the separate collection of batteries and accumulators, hazardous waste from households, packaging, electric and electronic devices and end of life vehicles.

Facilitate the communication between the all responsible involved the collection, treatment, recovery, disposal system Organization of round-table meetings for how know transfer concerning the waste flow management and implementation of economical and financial mechanisms needful for selective collection

4.1.5. Initiate a planning group at different levels – local, county, regional – in order to implement suitable mixed and selective collection systems according to the type of settlement.

Periodical organization of working groups composed of specialists in the field in order to offer to the decision making factors ideas and practical schemes for proper implementing of collection and selective collection (establishment of collection/selective collection points, type and volume of containers/bins, a.o)

2007 cu preocupare permanenta

REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Councils, Legal entities replacing vehicle producers in their responsibility for ELV

5.1.1. Increase the communication between all stakeholders

Periodic organization of meetings of County/Local Councils, RDA, REPA, concerning the legislation, the implementation and monitoring of RWMP, measures and action to be taken.

Permanent 5. Information and awareness of the stakeholders

5.1. Promote information, awareness and motivating activities for all stakeholders.

5.1.2. Organize and supervise educational and awareness programmes at all levels.

Supervision of communication and educational plans for all levels: elementary schools, universities, economical agents, environmental associations. Preparation of school guides for teachers and pupils

Permanent

RDA/REPALEPA, Environmental Guard, County/Local Council




5.1.3. Use of all available communication channels (mass-media, web sites, seminars, events) for public information and awareness addressed to specific targets groups (children, young, adults, elders)

REPA and LEPAs will organize press conferences in order to inform the public on the new regulations in the field, guides, the implementation stage of the RWMP, new selective pre collection/collection points a.o REPA and LEPAs have the obligation to inform the public, therefore the web page – waste management section- will be revised and completed at least one a months and will contain at least the following: � List of all the normative acts in force

concerning the waste management � List of all the collection and selective

collection points for each waste flow � List of all the authorized economical

agents, involved in collection, transport, recycling, treatment, disposal ( with address, phones, e-mail – detailed and clear specified for each filed of activity

Permanent RDA/REPALEPA, Environmental Guard, County/Local Council

5.1.4. To promote the waste managements audits as a part of the planning and supervision and control process. For big communities and enterprises, it is recommended to integrate the waste management audit in planning and control procedures.

Initiations of awareness campaigns with the involvement of economical agents and municipalities in order to promote the audit concerning the waste management as part of the planification process.

Permanent REPA/ LEPA,Environmental Guard

5.2 Public campaigns concerning the improvement of health quality

5.2.1 Informing the public on the noxious effects caused by the inadequate waste management through their uncontrolled disposal.

Initiations of public campaigns al all levels of population in order to inform about the risks caused by the inadequate waste disposal Use of all specific methods for proper education and information of targets groups (web sites, mass media, brochures, posters, a.o.)

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Council




6.1.1. Improve the regional/county/local system of collecting, processing, and analyzing data and information regarding waste management by using an integrated and double controlled system connected with the National Environmental Guard.

Introduction of standardized methods for data collection, recording and validation. Define and elaborate together with the Environmental Guard, based on the system used for the statistical reports , of a clear methodology for cross-check control of data concerning the generated waste quantities. Finding together with the Environment Guard of a method to impose to economical agents and local councils involved in reporting, to deliver accurate date related to waste management system. Define a professional structure in REPA and LEPAs to organize collection, analyzing and validation of reported data. Obligation of economical agents and of other involved institutions in reporting to convey accurate data.

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard Local Councils under co-ordination of NEPA

6. Collection and reporting of data and information regarding waste management

6.1. Obtain complete and correct data and information suited to the National and European reporting requirements

6.1.2. Improve the direct reporting through IT means, of collected data at regional level and transmit them to national level- meaning to the National Environment Protection Agency by using the entire potential of modern informatics facilities.

Operation of the existing database programme at maximum parameters by REPA and LEPAs under NEPA’s coordination. Utilization of IT facilities of on line conveying data programme, from the lowest levels (economical agents) to the next upper ones:LEPA, REPA, NEPA

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard Local Councils under co-ordination of NEPA




6.1.3. Improving the validation system of the received data, the increase of responsibilities of the entire personnel involved in collection, process and data validation, including the National Environment Guar personnel’.

Improvement and strengthen the co-operation between the IT personnel, the waste personnel and those ones involved in collecting, process and data validation within the REPA , LEPAs and also with the Environmental Guard for cross checking and validation of data Increase the responsibilities of involved personnel by setting up clear responsibilities and competences in the process of data collection-reporting and by implementation of penalties in case of flagrant errors.

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard under co-ordination of NEPA

7. Prevention of waste generation

7.1. Minimize the waste generation

7.1.1. Promote and encourage the manufactures to implement the prevention principles

Organization of awareness and training sessions for economical agents and professional associations concerning the prevention of waste generation. Organization of information campaigns regarding the prevention and minimization of waste generation

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Councils

7.1.2. Encourage the consumers to apply the prevention principle

Promote the reuse of certain types of packaging; Promote the „ecological consume of ecological products”


8.Recovering the effective potential of waste

8.1.Efficient use of all technical and economical facilities for waste recovery

8.1.1. Support the development of the secondary raw material market at regional level

Encourage the small and medium Enterprises to use a secondary raw material from recycled materials The waste and permitting departments within REPA and LEPAs, will prepare a list with all the economical agents who use waste as secondary raw materials. This list ( containing also the contact data for each economical agent) will be published on the web site page of REPA and LEPA and will be updated.





8.1.2. Achieve a reduction of the total waste quantity to be disposed by optimized waste collection and treatment facilities

Establishment of street, volunteer selective collection points, in urban and rural areas simultaneously with organization of public awareness campaigns for population (brochures, mass media) regarding the advantages of waste selective collection. Endowment of population from urban areas with bags, bins a.o, for each type of waste (paper, cardboard, plastic, glass a.o)

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Councils , Sanitation operators

8.2. Develop activities for the material and energetic waste recovery

8.2.1. Increase the degree of material recovery (recycling); recycling of household waste, others than packaging. Promote the energy recovery through co-incineration and incineration in case the material recovery is not feasible from a technical-economical point of view. Integrate the informal sector ( grey market of recyclable waste) in the official waste collection system.

Development of pilot projects for selective collection of paper, cardboard, magazines within the all public institutions

Establish selective collection points for recyclable waste

Organization of round-table meetings with the sanitations companies, collectors and SME, that use waste as secondary materials with the view of facilitating the market development

Design efficiently selective collection systems

Development of „door to door” pilot recyclable waste collection projects, following a schedule established together with the sanitation companies

Utilization of the co-incineration potential of certain household waste in existing clinker kilns , in the region

Permanganate

REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Councils , Sanitation operators

9.Waste collection and transport

9.1. Ensure collection capacities and transport systems

9.1.1 Extend the collection system of municipal waste in urban areas, with a coverage area of 100%

Obligation of the local councils to extend the coverage area with sanitation services there where is not available

2013

Local Councils, sanitation operators




9.1.2 Extend the collection system of municipal waste in urban areas, with a coverage area of minimum 80%

Obligation of the local councils to extend the coverage area with sanitation services there where is not available

2009 Local Councils, sanitation operators

adapted to the number of inhabitants and to the quantity of generated waste 9.1.3 Optimize the collection and transport systems Local Councils and sanitation companies

will organize planning sessions with the view of modernizing the collection and transport systems.

Permanent Local Councils, sanitation operators

9.2. Assure the best options for waste collection and transport in respect to recycling and final disposal

9.2.1 Organize separate collection of the hazardous and non hazardous municipal waste

Establishment of free”take back” pre collection points for hazardous waste as part of the household waste

Establishment of signs in crowded places (tram and bus stations, big commercial centers ) in order to indicate the selective collection points for hazardous waste as part of the household waste.

The small and medium economical agents, public institution are allowed to dispose the hazardous waste at these pre-collection points paying an established tariff

Starting with 2007

Local Councils, Sanitation operators

10. Waste treatment

10.1. Promote the waste treatment in order to assure a rational ecological management

10.1.1.Encourage the waste treatment in view of: recovery( material and energetic); reduction of the hazardous character; reduction of the quantity of final disposed waste; Reduction of the emissions from the landfills taking into account the safety conditions for human heath and environmental protection.

Utilisation of the existing technological potential for waste recovery, recycling, treatment

Encourage the construction of new treatment facilities

Encourage the development of a valid market for recovery/recycling/treatment of municipal waste and hazardous waste as part of the household waste from population

Permanent Economical agents, Professional associations, REPA/ LEPA, County/Local Councils




To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled at 75% of the total quantity (gravimetric expressed) produced in 1995.

Promote and encourage home composting in household and/or platforms

Ensure the composting of the whole quantity of biodegradable waste from parks, gardens and markets

Selective collection of biodegradable waste from population in such a way to ensure the maximum capacity for the existing facilities

Starting with 2008

To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal landfilled at 50% of the total quantity (expressed gravimetric) produced in 1995.

Ensure new capacities or extend the existing ones for treatment ( composting, fermentation, mecano-biological treatment) of a minimum 170.000 tonnes of biodegradable waste, at regional level, others than parks, gardens and markets waste.

2013

11. Biodegradable waste

11.1 Reduce the quantity of landfilled biodegradable waste

11.1.2. Making new investments for biodegradable waste treatment with the aim of fulfilling the regional targets

Ensure treatment facilities: composting, fermentation, mecano-biological treatment a.o. Development of a concept for the disposal tariff of municipal biodegradable waste and its enforcement there where the treatment alternatives are in place.

2013 Starting with 2007

County/Local Councils, Professional Associations, sanitations operators

12.Packaging waste

12.1. Reduce packaging waste generation

12.1.1. Optimize the quantity of waste per packed product.

Juridical entities who take the responsibility of reaching the targets together with the economical agents will develop research projects for re-designing of certain types of packaging in order to reduce the quantity of packaging waste.

Apply measures for waste generation prevention, foreseen in the guide „ Prevention of packaging waste generation” and in the international practice

Permanent Importers and producers of packaging and packed products




12.1.2 Create the necessary conditions for recycling packaging waste, in the sense of a good organization of selective collection

Promote a reimbursable guarantee system of type „deposit system” for glass packaging that can be reused, or other materials, with the requirement to develop a management system and establish the consequences in case the plan is not fulfilled

Volunteer, street selective collection points based on packaging type: glass, paper/cardboard, PET, other plastic, metal a.o,

Establish signs in areas with intensive traffic, in order to indicate the selective collection points for packaging waste

County/Local Councils, Producers and importers of packaging and packed products

Implementation of a selective collection system of recyclable waste (plastic, glass and metal), at regional level: of minimum 530.000 inhabitants

12.2.1Recycling minimum 60% for paper/cardboard and minimum 50 % for metal, from the weigh of each type of material contained in packaging waste

Implementation of a selective collection system for paper/cardboard waste, at regional level: of minimum 1.600.000 inhabitants

2008

Implementation of a selective collection system of recycling waste ( plastic, glass and metal), at regional level: of minimum 1.100.000 inhabitants

12.2. Recover and recycling of packaging waste related to the quantity introduced into the market

12.2.2 Recycling of minimum 15% for plastic and wood, from the weigh of each type of material contained in packaging waste.


2011






Energetic recovery of waste with a high calorific power, that can not be recycled

Producers and importers of packaging and packed products

Implementation of a selective collection system of recycling waste (plastic, glass and metal), at regional level: of minimum 1.800.000 inhabitants





Energetic recovery of waste with a high caloric power and which can not be recycled.

2013

Producers and importers of packaging and packed products

Determination of recovery rate of packaging waste from population( ratio of selectively collected quantity to total generated quantity)

Annually Local Councils

Assignment for recycling/recovery of the entire quantity of generated packaging waste.

Permanent Economical agents generators of packaging waste

12.3. Create and optimize packaging waste recycling schemes

12.3.1 Organize separate collection systems for packaging waste in order to reach the targets at the set deadlines.

Ensure the sorting of packaging waste selectively collected.

Permanent County/Local Councils




Ensure the possibilities for recycling/recovery of packaging waste

Permanent Producers and importers of packaging and packed products

Preparation of a plan regarding the construction and demolition waste

2008 County Councils, REPA Bacau

Separate collection of hazardous waste from non hazardous waste

Starting with 2007

Physical persons and economical agents

Ensure treatment and recovery facilities

Responsible industry, Local Councils

Reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste , in case they are not contaminated

13. Construction and demolition waste

13.1. Proper management with respecting the strategic principles and minimization of the impact on environment and health

13.1.1. Treat the contaminated waste from construction and demolition in view of recovery (material and energetic recovery) or/and final disposal in a controlled landfill

Energy recovery of construction and demolition waste, in case they are contaminated

Permanent

Ensure disposal capacities for construction and demolition waste.

Permanent Local Councils, Environmental Guard

13.1.3. Proper disposal of waste that can not be recovered

Forbid the non complaint disposal of construction and demolition waste.




14.1.1. Install special collection points for the collection of bulky waste from population

Establish, were available, equipped collection points for bulky waste. Install signs to indicate the selective collection points

Starting with 2007

14.1.2. Establish door to door collection schemes at set periods of time (for example: every three months)

Introduction of pilot selective collection projects for bulky waste which can be recycled or reused.

Starting with 2007

14.Bulky waste

14.1. Proper management with respecting the strategic principles and minimization of the impact on environment and health

14.1.3. Recover separately collected waste Introduction of pilot selective collection projects for bulky waste which can be recycled and /or energetic recovered.

Starting with 2007

Sanitation operators, REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard, Local Councils

31.06.2007

15.1.1. Prevent illegal disposal and discharged of sludge in surface water.

Preparation of a regional strategy for management of sludge from wastewater treatment plants

Preparation of a regional strategy for management of sludge from wastewater treatment plants, in line with the National and European legislation

Promote the utilization of uncontaminated sludge for the rehabilitation of damaged soils and covering the existing landfills ( according with the MO 344/2005 requirements)

Starting with 2007

Wastewater treatment plant, REPA/ LEPA, Environmental Guard, Local Councils

15. Sludge from wastewater treatment plant

15.1.Proper management of sludge from wastewater treatment

15.1.2. Promote as a priority the recovery in agriculture , with respect of the law

Promote the utilization of the uncontaminated sludge as fertilizer in agriculture in line with the MO 344/2005 requirements

Encourage the economical agents……of

Starting with 2007

Wastewater treatment plants operators, REPA/




15.1.3. Promote treatment through bail/dehydration in view of co-incineration

Encourage the economical agents to take over, based on a contract, the sludge from the wastewater treatment plants and to implement a sound management of this type of waste in line with the legislation in force, including by incineration or by co-incineration or other procedures in order to reduce the hazardous potential of contaminated sludge

LEPA, Environmental Guard, Local Councils

16.1.1. a) Collect and treat end of life vehicles that were introduced on the market by individual producers or of whose producers have ceased the activity

Achievement of this objective, at national level, will be fulfilled through projects financed from the Environmental fund, according with the legislation in force

Permanent Environmental Fund Association, producers/ importers of vehicles,

16.1.1. b) Design a system that will allow the last owner of the vehicle to deposit it at a collection-recovery point for free – with the exception foreseen by the GD 2406/2005

Producers of vehicles are responsible with taking over from the last owner those vehicles they have introduced to the market, when these become out of life vehicles

Development of a joint project for dismantling associations/processors and producers/importers in order to design and finance a functional scheme of collection-recovery

Beginnig with latest 2007 with permanent concern

Producers/ importers of vehicles, individually or by contracting other authorized economical agents

16. End of life vehicles

16.1. Create and develop a regional collection, recovery, recycling network for end of life vehicles

16.1.2. Establish at least one collection point for end of life vehicles for each of the 6 counties of Region 1 NE. Establish a collection point for end of life vehicles, in every town with more than 100.000 inhabitants.

Submission, on annually basis, to the MEWM, the list with the established collection points

Make available, the list of all collection points, on the internet and at the sailing points of new vehicles

Functioning of established End of Life Vehicles collection points

Starting with 2007

Producers/ importers of vehicles




16.1.3. Extend the reuse and recycling of materials from end of life vehicles and energetic recovery of those materials that cannot be recycled.

16.1.4. Reuse and recovery of at least 85% of the weight of the vehicles produced after 1.01.1980

16.1.5. Reuse and recovery of at least 85% of the weight of the vehicles producers after 1st January 1980 16.1.6. Reuse and recycling of 70% of the weight of end of life vehicles produces before 1st January 1980 16.1.7. Reuse and recycling of 80% of the weight of end of life vehicles produced starting with 1st January 1980

Taking over end of life vehicles from the last owner

Delivery for recycling, recovery or reuse of replaced materials and vehicle parts, which are waste, to the authorized economical agents, in line with the legal requirements in force

Starting with 01.01.2007.

Producers/ importers of vehicles, Economical agents that maintain and repair vehicles

.17.11. Establish selective collection of waste from electric and electronic equipment as following:: 1 collection point for each county 1 collection point for every city with more than >100000 inhabitants 1 collection point for every city with more than > 20.000 inhabitants

Check the existence of the collection points of waste from electric and electronic equipment, established by the Local Councils in line with the GD 448/2004 requirements

Taking over the selective collection points of waste from electric and electronic equipment by the specialized economical agents

1.01.2007

Local Councils, Economical agents, producers and importers

17. Electric and electronic equipment

17.1 Waste from electric and electronic equipment

17.1.2. Organize selective collection of WEEE and its components, collection of at least:

3 kg/ inhabitant x year 4 kg/ inhabitant x year

Organize door to door collection of WEEE by the sanitation operators based on periodical schedules, of which the population is informed by specific information tools

Organization and improvement of selective collection at the WEEE selective collection points

31.12.2007 31.12.2008

Importers/ Producers, Local Councils, sanitation Companies




17.1.3. Encourage and facilitate reuse, recycling of electronic and electric equipment waste and of their components and materials that make them.

Implementation of a social project (jobs for the long term unemployed) with the scope of repairing the old electronic equipments in order to be resold.

Permanent REPA/ LEPA, economical agents importers and producers

18.1.1. Inform and encourage the households to separate the hazardous components from household waste

Initiations of public awareness campaigns regarding the hazardous waste and their proper operating.

Promote „3R” principle: reduce, reuse and recycle of household waste including the hazardous household waste.

Starting with 2007

County/Local Councils, Sanitations Companies

18.1.Implement collection and transport services for hazardous waste

18.1.2. Install collection points for selective collection of hazardous waste out of household waste

Avoiding the mixture between the non hazardous waste and hazardous waste

Staring with 2007

County/Local Councils, Sanitations Companies

18.2.1. Treatment of dangerous waste for recycling and reuse in technological process

Utilize the existing industrial capacities and /or construction of new treatment capacities of hazardous waste from households together with those from industry

Starting with 2007

Sanitations Companies

18. Hazardous waste as part of municipal waste

18.2. Dispose the hazardous waste in a ecological sound manner

18.2.2 Ensure the capacities and installations according to the European standards

Verify the operating parameters of the new investments in order to comply with the National and European requirements

Starting with 2007

REPA, LEPA, Environmental Guard

Cease waste disposal in non complaint landfills in urban areas

- 3 landfills in Suceava County, 1 landfill in Botosani County

Until 2008

19.Waste disposal

Waste disposal in line with the legal requirements in the field of waste management

Closure in stage of non complaint landfills in line with the negotiate timetable.

-7 landfills in Bacau County, 3 landfills in Iasi County, 1 landfill in Neamt County, 1 landfill in Suceava County, 1 landfill in Vaslui County.

Until 2009

Sanitation companies




-1 landfill in Suceava County Until 2010 - 2 landfills in Suceava County Until 2011 - 1 landfill in Botosani County, 1 landfill in Iasi County, 2 landfills in Neamt County

Until 2012

Closure of non complaint landfills in maximum 2 years from the ceasing of disposal, in line with the legal requirements.

2 years from the ceasing of activityi

Local Councils

Post-closure monitoring of landfills Minimum 30 years after landfill closure.

Landfill operators

Closure and rehabilitation of the 1.423 dump sites in rural area.

Until 16.07.2009

Local Councils

Develop a transitional system until the implementation of an integrated waste management system, assuring waste transport and disposal in authorized landfills there where the disposal will be ceased.

Construction of regional complaint landfills: - 1 regional landfill in Bacau County 2010 Bacau

County Council

-1 regional landfill in Iasi County

2010 Iasi County Council

- 1 regional landfill in Botosani County 2013* Botosani County Council

- 2 regional landfill in Suceava County 2013* Suceava County Council

Ensure new necessary capacities for disposal and related transfer stations in line with the European Standards

- 1 regional landfill in Vaslui County 2013* Vaslui County Council

135

10. SYSTEM MONITORING

Plan monitoring will follow the Region’s progress towards the realisation of its RWMP’s objectives and targets. Monitoring of each Waste Management Plan is an official function or competency of the NEPA and each REPA. The RWMP monitoring results will be annually reported to MEWP, NEPAs, other REPAs, LEPAs, County Councils, the public and others as required. Monitoring results will be published as required by Law and used in or to:

� Determine progress towards plan objectives,

� Determine deficiencies and areas needing attention,

� Guide or redirect future investments, revise planning calendar, and

� Inform and report to the public and government officials on plan implementation and quantified achievements towards objectives and targets.

Monitoring of the RWMP includes:

� Annual monitoring of RMWP objectives and targets,

� Drafting assessments on progress towards achieving RWMP objectives and quantified targets,

� Identifying delays, “stumbling blocks” and deficiencies on RWMP implementation,

� Recommending actions to improve RWMP implementation,

� Publishing the RWMP’s annual monitoring report, and

� Publishing of ad hoc or special studies if needed.

Establishment of some adequate monitoring procedures together with adequate feed-back systems, at national and regional level, will influence future planning and efficient achievement of the objectives.

Monitoring methodology

For each of the indicators, both the value and the trend will be specified. The trend represents variation of the indicator in comparison with the previous year and can be presented using “Chernoff symbols”, as follows:

☺ Positive variation in relation to the intentions � Negative variation in relation to the intentions � No variation.

136

Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend

Establishment of RWMP monitoring group, including representatives from County Councils, REPA and Environmental Guard, up to the first half of 2007

Monitoring group draws up Annual monitoring Report of RWMP up to the end of November each year, and present it in ordinary meeting of Council for Regional Development

Good coordination and cooperation between involved actors

Establishment of an working group, including representatives from County Councils, REPA, LEPAs, NGOs etc., for revising of RWMP, up to the end of 2007

Based on Annual Monitoring Report of RWMP, the Working group decide to revise RWMP


Creation of the organizational framework for regional waste management trend and its implementation instruments establishment

Comparison of the basic data used for forecast in RWMP (GDP evolution, population, generation index etc.) with current situation

Based on this comparison WG decide to revise RWMP


Number of decisions issued by County Councils and Local Councils for waste management improvement

Local legal provisions that will ensure achievement of RWMP objectives

A good awareness and endorsement of RWMP at the level of County and Local Councils

Annual number of penalties issued by Environmental Guard for improper waste management

According to inspection schedule


Development of the regional policy in order to implement an integrated waste management system

Efficiency improvement in waste management legislation enforcement

Annual number of actions (seminars, conferences, workshops etc.) organized by involved organizations (CC, REPA, Environmental Guard, NGOs) for increasing the importance of conformity to specific legislation

Carry out seminars, conferences, workshops etc., for increasing the importance of conformity to specific legislation

Involved organizations secured funds for these actions in their budgets



Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend Strengthening administrative capacity and responsibility in law enforcement

Clear defining of specific responsibilities exists in Organizing and Operating Regulation of respective organization

Clear defining of specific responsibilities and their adoption at all levels, taking into account the subsidiary principle

Organizing and Operating Regulation of respective organization was elaborated and approved through a legal norm

Number of hired staff/Number of staff from organizational chart

Staff hiring

Number of staff trained during the year/Total number of staff

Professional training plan of the staff

Development and adjustment of institutional and organizational framework in order to achieve national requirements, and making it consistent with European structures

Assurance of suitable number of well skilled staff and adequate equipment at all levels of involved organization

Number of equipments/Total number of staff

Procurement of equipments

Involved organizations secured funds for these actions in their budgets

Number of applications issued by County and Local Councils

Regular workshops on financing opportunities in municipal waste management field

Improvement of using available national financial sources

Number of approved applications/Number of applications issued

Improvement of applications

County and Local Councils have organized internal structures for drawing up the applications or secured these activities within its budget

Number of applications issued by County and Local Councils

Draw up of eligible projects, according to donor requirements

Drawing up and using of economic and financial systems and mechanisms for waste management, observing general principles, mainly polluter pays principle and manufacturer responsibility principle

Improvement of using available European and international financial sources

Number of approved applications/Number of applications issued

Regular workshops on financing opportunities in municipal waste management field

County and Local Councils have organized internal structures for drawing up the applications or secured these activities within its budget



Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend Analysis of the financing and organization way of the system for municipal waste management (tariffs and taxes)

Ratio expenditures/income for the municipal waste management system

Calculation of the tariffs in a way to cover all the municipal waste management activities (collection, including selective collection, transport, treatment, disposing, closure, post-closure monitoring)

Number of information campaigns

Number of annual meetings and of workshops

Number of information or awareness raising materials, or for public opinion survey drew up by involved authorities

Promotion of a information, awareness and motivation system for all involved parties

Organize of programs for population education and awareness rising, by all involved parties (central and local public authorities, economic agents, NGOs, public institutions etc.)

Number of Web pages for waste management

Draw up, at all levels, of plans for communication and education having as target: the public (including scholar education), local collectivities, economic agents etc

Existence of plans for information, awareness raising campaigns at the level of County and Local Councils

Existence of assurance/checking procedures for the quality of collected data

Each organization involved in municipal waste management draw up quality assurance/checking procedures for collected data

Existence of a quality management system

Complete and accurate data and information collection that will be according to the European and national reporting requirements

Improvement of the local and regional system for data collection, analysis and validation regarding generation and management of waste

Number of analysis regarding household waste composition, as well as determining household waste generation index for urban and rural areas by the landfills operators and by sanitation companies

Determination household waste generation index for urban and rural areas, and of household waste composition, by the landfills operators and by sanitation companies under REPA’s coordination




Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend Number of meetings for information/analysis of data reporting procedures regarding waste management with involved companies

Meeting schedule with waste management companies


Collection, at regional level, of the data regarding construction and demolition waste Existence of quality assurance/checking of collected data

Establishment of a collection, analysis and validation system for data regarding generation and management of construction and demolition waste, at regional level

Good coordination and cooperation between REPA and Local Councils

Collection, at regional level, of the data regarding bulky waste Existence of quality assurance/checking of collected data

Establishment of a collection, analysis and validation system for data regarding generation and management of bulky waste, at regional level

Good coordination and cooperation between REPA and Local Councils

Percent of urban population collected

Extension of municipal waste collection systems in urban area – to 100% of population, in 2013

Financial source exists

Percent of rural population collected

Extension of municipal waste collection systems in rural area – to 80% of population, in 2009


Number of population selectively collected / Total number of population from region

Implementation of separate collection systems for recoverable materials in order to achieve the legislative objective regarding packaging and biodegradable waste


Improvement/development of an integrated system for waste collection and transport

Extension of collection system to be able , in 2013, to cover 100% from urban area and in 2009 to cover 80% for rural area

Number (capacity) of constructed transfer stations / Necessary number (capacity)

Construction of transfer stations according to the results of feasibility studies and correlated with the closure years of the existing non-complying landfills




Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend Existence of different tariffs for mixed and separate collection

Economic instruments for backing up and extension of the separate and mixed household waste collection system in urban and rural areas

Approval of County and Local Councils

Modernized collection / transport capacity

Modernization of the existing collection and transport systems


Number of closed non-complying landfills (according to the plan)

Ceasing activity on non-complying landfills in urban areas


Activity ceasing on non-complying landfills Number of closed dumping

sites in rural areas Closure and rehabilitation of dumping sites in rural areas


Waste disposal according to legal requirements in waste management field, in order to protect human health and environment

Assurance of needed capacities for waste disposal, by promoting regional disposal facilities

Number (capacity) of disposal facilities put in operation

Construction of regional complying landfills Promotion of waste disposal on complying landfills


Reducing the quantities of landfilled biodegradable waste, according to the legal requirements

Achievement of a composting system for green waste (waste from parks, gardens and markets)

Number and capacity of composting plants

Assurance of composting for the whole quantity of biodegradable waste generated from parks, gardens (including cemeteries) and markets Ban of landfilling of pure organic waste (waste from parks, gardens, cemeteries and markets)




Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend Assurance of capacities or enlargement of the existing ones for biological treatment of waste, other than those from parks, gardens and markets

Number and capacity of biological treatment facilities

Assurance of the biodegradable waste stream for covering the capacities of biological treatment facilities, by taking first waste from restaurants, canteens, supermarkets


Establishing a concept for landfilling tax for biodegradable municipal waste and applying of this concept in the areas where methods for treatment of this waste already exist

Differentiated tax for landfilling of biodegradable waste

Establishment of a much higher tax for biodegradable waste landfilling

Approval from County and Local Councils

Number and capacity of sorting facilities for packaging waste

Identifying of financial sources or their securing in integrated waste management systems

Recovery rate on each material (%)

Monitoring and correcting in accordance with national targets

Reaching of the targets for material and energy recovery of packaging waste, according to legal requirements

Assurance of the sorting methods for packaging waste

Recycling rate on each material (%)

Monitoring and correcting in accordance with national targets



Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend Separate collection, reuse, recycling and recovery of electronic and electrical equipments waste

Collection of electronic and electrical equipments waste

Average annual rate of selective collection per inhabitant to be in accordance with legal provisions

Assurance of collecting conditions

Adequate management of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants observing strategic principles and environmental and health impact minimization

Prevention of illegal dumping or discharging in surface water

Number of penalties / Number o inspection

According to inspection schedule

143

Annexes:

Annex 1: Legislation

Annex 2: – Accumulation lakes within Siret and Prut hydrographical basins

Crt no

Accumulation name County Water course

Useful volume

(103 m

3)

Usage

SIRET HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN

1 Rogojeşti SV-BT Siret 26.000 Water supply 2

Bucecea SV-BT Siret 6.770 Water supply, irrigations, hydroenergy

3 Paşcani IS Siret 61.000 Water supply, irrigations 4 Galbeni BC Siret 12.000 Irrigations, hydroenergy 5 Răcăciuni BC Siret 75.000 Irrigations, hydroenergy 6 Bereşti BC Siret 75.000 Hydroenergy 7 Grăniceşti SV Horaiţ 1.558 Irrigations, pisciculture 8

Solca SV Solcuţa 96 Water supply, flood protection

9 Şerbăuţi SV Hătnuţa 982 Flood protection, pisciculture 10 M-rea Dragomirna SV Dragomir

na 9 Pisciculture, recreation

11 Dragomirna SV Dragomirna 18.911 Water supply

12 Şomuz I Liteni SV

Şomuzu Mare 1.296

Pisciculture, irrigations

13 Şomuz II Moara SV Şomuzu Mare 6.804 Flood protection,

pisciculture, irrigations 14 Tasca NT Bistriţa 370 Flow compensation 15 Fuzooind PN NT Cuejdiu 10 Flood protection 16

Izvorul Muntelui NT Bistrita 890.000 hydroenergy, pisciculture, cribbing, recreation

17 Pangareti NT Bistrita 1.350 hydroenergy 18 Vaduri NT Bistrita 420 hydroenergy 19 Batca Doamnei NT Bistrita 2.750 Hydroenergy, water supply 20 Reconstructia NT Bistrita 100 hydroenergy 21 Racova BC Bistrita 4.500 Hydroenergy, irrigations 22 Garleni BC Bistrita 1.000 hydroenergy, irrigations 23 Lilieci BC Bistrita 1.400 hydroenergy, irrigations 24 Bacau II BC Bistrita 1.530 hydroenergy, irrigations 25 Redres. Aval BC II BC Bistrita 396 Water supply 26 Racatau BC Racatu 848 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 27 Horgesti BC Racatau 1.130 irrigations, pisciculture 28 Poiana Uzului BC Uz 88.000 Water supply TOTAL SIRET HB 1.279.230


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Crt no

Accumulation name

County Water course

Useful volume

(103 m

3)

Usage

SIRET HYDROGRAPHIC PRUT

29 Stânca-Costeşti BT Prut 450.000 Water supply, irrigations, pisciculture

30 Cal alb BT Başeu 4.950 Irrigations 31 Negreni BT Podriga 8.800 Water supply, irrigations, 32 Mileanca BT Jijia 5.100 Flood protection 33 Iezer BT Sitna 3.600 Flood protection 34 Cătămărăşti BT 75.200 irrigations 35 Dracşani BT Sitna 6.700 Flood protection 36 Curteşti BT Dresleuca 8.700 Irrigations 37 Câmpeni BT Miletin Flood protection 38 Iaz Stăuceni BT Morişca 1.400 39 Pârcovaci IS Bahlui 6.000 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 40 Tansa

IS Bahlui 8.900 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 41 Plopi IS Gurguiata 4.550 irrigations, pisciculture 42 Podu Iloaiei IS Bahlueţ 1.750 irrigations, pisciculture 43 Sârca IS Valea Oii 3.000 irrigations, pisciculture 44 Cucuteni IS Voineşti 3.000 irrigations, pisciculture 45 Ciurea IS Nicolina - Flood protection 46 Bârca IS Locii - Flood protection 47 Ciurbeşti IS Locii 2.460 Irrigations, pisciculture 48 Cornet IS Cornet - Flood protection 49 Ezăreni IS Cornet 720 Pisciculture 50 Cârlig IS Cacaina - Flood protection 51 Vânători IS Cârlig - Flood protection 52 Aroneanu IS Ciric 1.080 Pisciculture 53 Ciric III (Veneţia) IS Ciric 250 Pisciculture 54 Chiriţa IS Chiriţa 5.000 Water supply 55 Rediu IS Fundu Văii 300 Irrigations, pisciculture 56 Hălceni IS Miletin 11.800 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 57 Tungujei IS Sacovăţ 7.100 Water supply, pisciculture 58 Căzăneşti VS Durduc 5.532 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 59 Soleşti

VS Vaslui 15.559 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 60 Puşcaşi VS Racova 6.251 Pisciculture 61 Râpa Albastră VS Simila 8.876 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 62 Cuibul Vulturilor VS Tutova 6.646 Water supply, irrigations,

pisciculture 63 Mânjeşti VS Crasna 10.010 Irrigations, pisciculture TOTAL SIRET 1.943.764


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Annex 3: Protected Areas

Crt Name Surface

(ha)

Location

Bacău - 12 9.719,7

1 Natural Rezervation Naturala Nemira 3.491,20 Darmanesti, Dofteana, Slanic Moldova

2 Natural Rezervation Izvorul Alb 21,00 Darmanesti

3 Natural Rezervation Magura-Targu Ocna 89,70 Targu Ocna 4 Natural Rezervation Balatau Lake 4,83 Darmanesti

5 Natural Rezervation Bucias 471,00 Manastirea Casin

6 Natural Rezervation Perchiu 206,47 Onesti

7 Natural Rezervation Arsura 35,50 Margineni

8 Aria de Protectie Speciala Avifaunistica Lilieci Lake

262,00 Hemeiusi, Beresti-Bistrita

9 Aria de Protectie Speciala Avifaunistica Lacul Bacau II

202,00 Bacau

10 Aria de Protectie Speciala Avifaunistica Lacul Galbeni

1132,00 Letea Veche, Nicolae Balcescu, Tamasi

11 Aria de Protectie Speciala Avifaunistica Lacul Racaciuni

2004,00 Racaciuni, Pancesti, Horgesti, Tamasi, Cleja

12 Aria de Protectie Speciala Avifaunistica Lacul Beresti

1800,00 Orbeni, Valea Seaca, Sascut, Corbasca, Tatarasti

Botoşani - 9 3.225

1 Pãdurea Ciornohal 76,5 Com. Cãlãraşi

2 Rezervaţie de tisa -Tudora 119 Com. Tudora

3 Arinişul de la Horlãceni 5 Com. Sendriceni

4 Fãgetul secular Stuhoasa 60,5 Com. Suharãu

5 Turbãria Dersca 10 Com. Dersca, sat Lozna

6 Rezervaţia floristică Bucecea-Bãlţile Siretului

2 Bucecea

7 Rezervaţia floristică Stânca-Ripiceni (Schiwereckia podolica)

1 Com. Ripiceni

8 Rezervaţia floristică Stânca-Ştefăneşti (Schiwereckia podolica)

1 Com. Stefãneşti

9 Arie de protecţie specială avifaunistică Lac Stânca Costeşti

2.950 Comunele Mitoc, Manoleasa, Ripiceni, Stânca

Iaşi - 16

1 Balta Bălătău

2 Eleşteele Jijiei şi Miletinului (Vlădeni)

3 Gârla Veche a Bălţii Teiva-Vişina

4 Lunca Prutului şi Jijiei

5 Pădurea Medeleni

6 Pădurea Bârnova-Repedea

7 Pădurea Bârnova-Repedea

8 Pădurea Roşcani

9 Pădurea şi pajiştile de la Mârzeşti - Iaşi


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10 Pădurea Uricani

11 Râul Prut

12 Rezervaţia Naturală Valea lui David

13 Sărăturile din Valea Ilenei

14 Acumulările Belceşti

15 Lunca Siretului Mijlociu

16 Pădurea Irmolea-Homiţa

Neamţ - 31 58.788,7

1 Parcul Naţional Ceahlău 7742,5 Ceahlău

2 Parcul Naţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăşmaş 6575 Bicaz-Chei

3 Parc natural Vânători 30818 Judeţul Neamţ, Judeţul Suceava

4 Rezervaţia forestieră Dobreni 37 Dobreni

5 Rezervaţia forestieră Goşman 175 Tarcău

6 Rezervaţia forestieră “Codrii de aramă” 7 Agapia

7 Rezervaţia forestieră “Pădurea de argint” 2 Agapia

8 Rezervaţia floristică Dealul Vulpii- Botoaia 2 Piatra Neamţ

9 Rezervaţia faunistică Brateş 5 Tarcău

10 Rezervaţia faunistică Borca 0,2 Borca

11 Poliţa cu crini PN-J 0,1 Ceahlău

12 Cascada Duruitoarea PN-J 1 Ceahlău

13 Cheile Bicazului PN-I 10 Bicaz-Chei

14 Stânca Şerbeşti 90 Ştefan cel Mare

15 Piatra Teiului 198,2 Poiana Teiului

16 Peştera Toşorog 39,5 Bicazu Ardelean

17 Peştera Munticelu 1 Bicazu Ardelean

18 Locul fosilifer Cozla 10 Piatra Neamţ

19 Cheile Şugăului 1,2 Bicaz Chei

20 Locul fosilifer Cernegura 150 Piatra Neamţ

21 Locul fosilifer Pietricica 39,5 Piatra Neamţ

22 Locul fosilifer Agârcia 1 Piatra Neamţ

23 Rezervatie naturala Pângaraţi 2 Pângaraţi

24 Rezervatie naturala Pârâul Borcuţa 1,2 Borca

25 Rezervatie naturala Lacul Izvorul Muntelui 150 Bicaz

26 Rezervatie naturala Lacul Cuejdel 114 Com. Garcina

27 Rezervatie naturala Codrul Secular Runc 57,6 Com. Bahna

28 Rezervatie naturala Secu 776,7 Com. Ceahlau

29 Arie de protectie speciala avifaunistica Lacul Pangarati

153 Com. Pangarati

30 Arie de protectie speciala avifaunistica Lacul Vaduri

119 Com. Alexandru cel Bun

31 Rezervatia de zimbri Neamt 11500 Com. Vanatori- Neamt

Suceava - 22 4504,676


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1 Doisprezece Apostoli PN-K 192,579 Dorna Candrenilor

2 Moara Dracului 2,15 Câmpulung Moldovenesc

3 Piatra Ţibăului 20,30 Cârlibaba

4 Tinovul Poiana Stampei 681,8 Poiana Stampei

5 Făneţele montane Todirescu 30,4 Stulpicani

6 Tinovul Şaru Dornei 41,2 Şaru Dornei

7 Fâneţele seculare Ponoare 25,6 Bosanci

8 Fâneţele seculare Frumoasa 9,5 Moara

9 Tinovul Găina-Lucina 1,16 Moldova Suliţa

10 Pădurea (Quercetumul) Crujana 39,4 Pătrăuţi

11 Pietrele Doamnei-Rarău 971 Pojorâta, Crucea

12 Codrul secular Slătioara 1064,2 Stulpicani

13 Codrul secular Giumalău 309,50 Pojorâta

14 Răchitişul Mare 116,4 Breaza

15 Făgetul Dragomirna 134,8 Mitocul Dragomirnei

16 Pădurea Zamostea- Luncă 122,057 Zamostea

17 Cheile Zugrenilor 314 Dorna Arini, Crucea

18 Cheile Lucavei 34,1 Moldova Suliţa

19 Jnepeniş cu Pinus cembra 384 Şaru Dornei

20 Piatra Pinului şi Piatra Şoimului 3,03 Gura Humorului

21 Stratele cu Aptychus de la Pojorâta 0,5 Pojorâta

22 Fâneţele seculare de la Calafindeşti 7,0 Calafindeşti

Vaslui - 9 190,36

1 Movila lui Burcel 12,0 com. Miclesti

2 Faneata de la Glodeni 6,0 oras Negresti, sat. Glodeni

3 Coasta – Rupturile Tanacu 6,0 com. Tanacu;

4 Padurea Badeana 58,6 com Tutova;

5 Seaca - Movileni 44,1 com. Coroiesti;

6 Padurea Balteni 18,8 com. Balteni

7 Padurea Harboanca 40,8 Com. Stefan cel Mare;

8 Locul fosilifer Nisiparia Hulubat 0,06 mun. Vaslui;

9 Locul fosilifer Malusteni 4,0 com. Malusteni


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Annex 4: Treatment plants for recovery

Name of company

Location Type of equipment

Environment authorisatio

n (yes/no)

Designed capacity (t/year)

Type of processed

waste

Bacău County

- hydraulic press 65 TF

YES 400 Plastic

- Tabareli press Tip RB 5000E

YES 10.000 Scrap

SOMA SRL Bacău

Bacău str. Al. Tolstoi nr. 6

- hydraulic press YES 1.000 Paper

REMAT SA Bacău Platformă betonată

Bacău, str. Izvoare nr. 107

- transport equipment, - Press, - other equipment

YES

10.500

Steel, cast iron

REMAT SA Bacău Magazie hârtie


- transport equipment, - other equipment

YES 250

Paper, cardboard

REMAT SA Bacău Magazie neferoase



YES

1.400

Copper, aluminium, brass, Bronze, lead

REMAT SA Bacău – Punct de lucru Oneşti, Platformă betonată

Oneşti, str. Mărăşeşti nr. 3


YES

8.500

Steel, cast iron

REMAT SA Bacău – Punct de lucru Oneşti Magazie Hârtie



YES

40

Paper, cardboard

REMAT SA Bacău – Punct de lucru Oneşti Magazie neferoase



YES

230


REMAT SA Bacău – Punct de lucru Comăneşti Platformă betonată

Comăneşti - transport equipment, - Press, - other equipment

YES

.000

Steel, cast iron

REMAT SA Punct de lucru Comăneşti Magazie Hârtie

Comăneşti, str. Florilor nr. 1


YES

50

Paper, cardboard

REMAT SA Punct de lucru Comăneşti Magazie neferoase

Comăneşti, str. Florilor nr. 1


YES

280


MATREC IMPEX SRL

com. Ştefan cel Mare jud. Bacău


YES

2.893

Ferrous metals

GOSPOMAS SA Oneşti Staţie topit

Oneşti Str. Zemeş nr. 1

- other equipment YES 338

Cast iron


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149

fontă

GOSPOMAS SA Oneşti Maşină injectat mase plastice

Oneşti Str. Zemeş nr. 1

- Press YES

0,3

Plastic

TROTUSUL SOCOM Oneşti Únitate colectare deşeu hârtie/carton

Oneşti Str. Republicii nr. 53

- Press - other equipment

YES

540

Paper

IRICAD SRL Galaţi - Punct de lucru Bacău Únitate colectare deşeuri feroase

Com. Gura Văii, jud. Bacău


YES

5.000

Ferrous

ANDREI SNC Bacău Únitate colectare deşeu Hârtie

Bacău Str. Izvoare nr. 13 Bis

- hydraulic press, - transport equipment

YES

4.000

Paper

Botoşani County REMAT SA Botoşani– 5 puncte de lucru

Str. Manolesti Deal 3A

-balance bridge -weighing machine -Cutting machines -Iron bailling press UNIO -Paper bailling press PH20 - transport equipment -loading equipment

YES

19.000

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard, wood, tyres, plastic, bateries

NADEX SRL Botoşani

Botoşani str. Manoleşti Deal 37

-weighing machine YES

70

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard, textile, plastic, bateries

REMAT SA Iaşi, punct de lucru Botoşani

Iaşi, B-dul Chimiei 14

-balance weighing -press -cutting equipment - transport equipment -weighing machines -loading equipment

YES

8.000

Ferrous metals, auto bateries

DANIMET EXIM SRL Botoşani

Str. Alexandru cel Bun 45

-semiautomatic weighing machine 0.5 to - transport equipment

YES

800

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard

ATRA ECO SRL Ilfov

Loc. Chiajna, jud. Ilfov

-shreder PET YES 200 Plastic, packaging

ELIASC SRL Botoşani– 2 puncte de lucru

Str. Alba Iulia 2, bl. D19, sc. C, ap.1, Botoşani

- weighing machine -paper balling press - transport

YES 1.100

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic


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150

equipment waste; paper and cardboard, plastic, rubber, textile

BELCARO SRL Botoşani– 4 puncte de lucru

Str. Alexandru cel Bun 6, Botoşani

125

Ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard, plastic, bateries

LETONA SRL Botoşani– 2 puncte de lucru

Str. Uzinei 5, Botoşani

-weighing machine YES

700

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard

MEDIAPRESS SRL Botoşani

Aleea Kogalniceanu 4, Botoşani

YES 200 paper

GOLDANA SRL Botoşani – 7 puncte de lucru

Str. Petru Rares 26, Botoşani

-iron sheet bailling press -paper balling press -btip-lorries -cuttion equipment - transport equipment -loading equipment

YES

25.500

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard, tyres, bateries

Judeţul Iaşi

REMAT S.A. Iaşi - working points: Iaşi, Paşcani, Tg.Frumos, Hârlău

B-dul Chimiei nr. 14, Iaşi

- hydraulic tin plate press (250 tf): 1piece; - mobile hydraulic tin plate press (90 tf): 1piece; - hydraulic non-ferrous press (55 tf): 1piece; - hydraulic paper press GUALCHERANI (20 tf):1 piece; - hydraulic paper press DIXI (30 tf):1 piece; - hydraulic paper press PH 12 (12 tf):1 piece; - plastic shreder machine (0,5 t/h): 1 piece; - plastic-textile press (1,2 t/h):1 piece; - crane (12 tf): 4 pieces; - Renault Autotractor with semitrailer 2,5 t: 8 pieces. - bowl loaders :2 pieces;

YES

20.000

1.800

8.000

800

1.200

50

800

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard; Plastic; Rubber waste; Textile waste; glass


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- transport equipment 1,2-7,5 t: 5 pieces; - gas flue cutting machines: 20 pieces

RECUPERARE SRL Paşcani,

Paşcani, Str. Garii, Nr.32 B, Cod 705200

- transport equipment (truck: 7 tonnes): 1 piece - balance weighing 30 tonnes: 1piece - weighing machine 500 Kg: 1 piece - loading equipment IFRON: 1piece

YES

5000

50

50

Ferrous and non-ferrous metalic waste; paper and cardboard;

IRICAD SRL GALATI – working point: IAŞI,

Loc.Lunca Cetăţuii, Com. Ciurea, jud.Iaşi, Cod 707085

- hydraulic electric press (mobile): 1 piece ; - bowl loader (1500 t): 1piece; - cutting machines: 1 piece; - balance weighing (30 t): 1piece; - balance weighing (1 t): 2 pieces; - balance weighing (0.5 t): 4 pieces

YES

500

metals

GOLDANA SRL Botosani- working point Iaşi ,

Iaşi, şos. Bucium,Nr.53, Cod 700281

-paper and cardboard manul ballling machine

YES

10

Cardboard and paper

GLOBAL ECOCENTER SRL Iaşi,

Iaşi, Str.Uzinei, Nr.52, Cod 700014

- IVECO Eurocargo car capacit. 8 t: 1 piece - IVECO Daily car capacit. 1,5 t: 2 pieces - Dacia Furgon capacit. 600 kg: 1 piece - tank capacity 10 tonnes: 1 piece - rented vehicles (with ADR) from Transchim Ploieşti (truks, tanks, capacity 20 – 25 tonnes) - 2 tanks with capacity of 25 cm/ piece - 2 tanks with capacity of 50 cm/ piece - 10 tanks with capacity of 1 tonne/piece - balance weighing

YES

3000

Used mineral oils ; Sludge from wastewater treatment plant Industrial sludge used emultions ; plastic ; metalic packaging ; textile waste paper waste rubber waste ; construction materials with content of azbestos ; industrial sludge ; liquid and solid chemical


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machine - 2 drilling machines - 1 tool bag - 4 pumps (different models and capacities)

substances; used water; fats and food oils ; used vehicle filters; paints ; glass; other waste.

PREDEMET SA Podul Iloaiei

Podul Iloaiei, Str. Scobâlţeni , Nr.2, Cod 707365

- loading-unloading equipment - rolling bridge12,5 tf: 7 pieces ; - balance press BECKER (HVP6) 1000 tf ; - balance press BECKER (HVP1) 350 tf - scisors CUPEX 800 tf ; - truck7 tonnes: 1 piece ; - Autotractor 26 tonnes: 2 pieces ; - Tractor U 650: 1 piece ; - Autotip-up truck16 tonnes: 1 piece

YES

120.000

940

130

130

Ferrous metalic waste; non-ferrous metalic waste; plastic; paper and cardboard

IND-DOR S.A. GRUP C.F. Tg.Frumos

Tg.Frumos , Str.Cuza Vodă, Nr.56; Cod 705300

- loading-unloading equipment: 2 pieces ; - balance tin plate press: 1 piece ; - transport equipment: 3 pieces ; - weighing machine: 2 pieces

YES

4.000

Metalic waste

COMPIL SA VASLUI – working point Iaşi

BÂRLAD, Str. Palermo, Nr.2, Jud.Vaslui,

- IFRON - balance machine for tin table: 1piece ; - balance machine for paper: 1 piece ; - balance weighing machine (500 Kg): 5 pieces ; - SAVIN crane: 1piece ; - truck 50 tonnes: 1 piece ; - trailer truck : 2 pieces ; - Semitrailers: 2 pieces

YES

120

Ferrous metalic waste

COLECT METAL SRL Iaşi

Iaşi ,Calea Chişinăului, km.1 (incinta TMUCB)

- balance tin table press (65 tf): 1 piece - crane 3 piece - Autotractors (20 tone): 6 pieces

YES 26.500

100

Ferrous and non-ferrous waste


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153

- truck (10 tonnes): 1 piece - Autocrane JELEJ: 1 piece

VRANCART S.A. ADJUD working pointIaşi

Iaşi, Calea Chisinaului nr.6, Cod 700181;

- transport equipment for papers: 3pieces , put of wich: 2 pieces-1,5 t ; 1 piece-2,5 t ; - balance press : 1 piece - frontal loader IFRON:piece

YES

4.000

Paper and cardboard

NEFERO-COM SRL Iaşi

Iaşi, B-dul Chimie nr.14,

YES

Ferrous and nonferrous waste

Neamţ County Working point: Piatra Neamţ, str. G-ral Dăscălescu, nr. 287

- transport equipment - press - other equipment

YES

5.688

Iron

Working point: Piatra Neamţ, str. G-ral Dăscălescu, nr. 287

- transport equipment - press

YES

1.363

Paper

Working point: Bicaz, str. Uzinei, nr. 1

- transport equipment - other equipment

YES

768

Iron

Working point: Roman, str. Nordului, nr. 2


YES

1.224

Iron

SC REMAT SA Neamţ

Working point: Tg. Neamţ, str. Castanilor, nr.8


YES

252

Iron

SC REMAT SA Roman

Roman, str. Nordului, nr. 2


YES 264

Paper

SC REMAT S.A. Tg. Neamţ

Tg. Neamţ, str. Castanilor, nr. 8


YES 57,6

Paper

Suceava County

SC DIAŞIL SERVICE SRL Suceava

Suceava, str. Grigore Al Ghica, nr.18

- hydraulic press YES

120

Paper, cardboard, plastic packaging

SC COREMAT IS SRL Fălticeni

Fălticeni, str. Topitoriei, fn

- hydraulic press - hydraulic press

YES 1.200

2.400

Paper, cardboard, metals

SC OMT METAL SRL Gura Humorului

Gura Humorului, str. Gării Păltinoasa, fn


YES 100

2.500


SC COM REMAT SRL Iaşi

Punct de lucru: Suceava, Calea Unirii, nr.14


YES 100

4.800

Paper, cardboard metals


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SC EVESICRAN SRL Suceava

Suceava, Str. Grigore Al. Ghica, nr.12

- hydraulic press YES 2.000

Paper, cardboard

SC DEMARDA SRL Suceava

Suceava Str. Rulmentului, f n

- hydraulic press YES 2.000

Paper, cardboard

SC SIMOTAB SRL Suceava

Suceava, Gara Suceava Vest

- mecanic press YES 800 Paper, cardboard

SC NICOTEX SRL Suceava

Suceava, str. Mirăuţi, nr.19

- hydraulic press - manual press

YES 720


SC COMREMAT SRL Vatra Dornei

Vatra Dornei, str. Bistriţei, nr. 2A

- manual press YES

120

Paper, cardboard

SC MARICOL SRL

Suceava, Calea Unirii, nr, 35

- manual press YES 120

Paper, cardboard

SC REBONA SRL Suceava

Suceava,str. Grigore Al Ghica, nr12


Paper, cardboard

SC SCHIPOREMAT SRL Rădăuţi

Rădăuţi, incinta staţiei CFR Rădăuţi


Paper, cardboard

SC LEVINCO IMPEX SRL Suceava

Suceava, Calea Unirii, nr 31L

manual press YES 1500

Paper, cardboard

SC PRESCONT SRL Fălticeni

Fălticeni, str. Armatei, nr.3

- oven for melting glass

YES 250

Glass pieces

Vaslui County

REMAT SA Vaslui Working points: Vaslui, Bârlad, Huşi

Vaslui, str.Podul Inalt, nr.9

-balance press for PET -balance press for paper -welding machine for cutting - weighing machine

YES

- ferrous and non-ferrous metals - paper - plastic

COMPPIL SA Bârlad Working points : Bârlad, Vaslui, Negreşti

Bârlad, Str.Palermo, nr.2

- balance press for paper -balance press for tin table -weighing machine -welding machine for cutting

YES

- ferrous and non-ferrous metals - paper - plastic

Annex 5 - Costs

Annex 5-1. Unit Cost Database

Investment Crt. Description Unit Min Aver

age Max

Influence Factors


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age Max

Influence Factors

1. INVESTMENTS FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT

1.1. Investment for collection in urban areas

1.1.1. Investment for collection points (construction of fenced area for storing waste containers)

euro/person 5.20 6.35 7.50Population scattering level, number of person addressed by a collection point, number of inhabitants living in block of flats, collection frequency

1.1.2. Investment for containers (supply of different types of containers; size is dependable of number of inhabitants using one container, selection at source strategy, etc)

euro/person 0.70 1.35 2.00Collection strategy, collection frequency

1.1.3. Investment for collection equipment (supply of different types of collection vehicles)

euro/person 7.50 11.25 15.00Collection strategy, collection frequency, households scattering level, total street lengths to be covered, distance to destination point (WMC or TS)

1.1.4. Investments for brink centers (construction of fenced areas, covered with asphalt or cement; medium size

euro/person 1.00 1.50 2.00Collection strategy, selection-at-source level, urban areas scattering level

1.2. Investment for collection in rural areas

1.2.1. Investment for collection points (construction of fenced area for storing waste containers)

euro/person 4.00 4.50 5.00Population scattering level, number of person addressed by a collection point, number of inhabitants living in blocks of flats, collection frequency

1.2.2. Investment for containers (supply of different types of containers; size is dependable of number of inhabitants using one container, selection at source strategy, etc)

euro/person 0.70 0.85 1.00Collection strategy, collection frequency

1.2.3. Investment for collection equipment (supply of different types of collection vehicles)

euro/person 2.60 4.20 5.80Collection strategy, collection frequency, households scattering level, total street lenghts to be covered, distance to destination point (WMC or TS)

1.3. Investment for transfer 1.3.1. Investment for transfer

stations (constructions of fenced areas, with a ramp inside; collection vehicles will use the ramp to unload the waste into larger containers situated near the ramp)

euro/person 0.80 1.60 2.40Transfer frequency, distance to main road, site characteristics, distance to electricity supply

1.3.2. Investment for transport vehicles (supply of large capacity transport equipment)

euro/person 5.00 10.00 15.00Transfer frequency, distance from transfer stations to final WMC, road condition


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age Max

Influence Factors

2. INVESTMENTS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER

2.1. Preparation of technological platform

2.1.1. Investment for access road construction of an access road to the facility, dimensioned for the large capacity and collection vehicles to WMC)

euro/m2 40.00 50.00 60.00Existing access, terrain topology

2.1.2. Investment for water supply (connection to an existing water network)

euro/m 35.00 37.50 40.00Distance to nearest available water source, terrain topology

2.1.3. Investment for own water supply (construction of own catchment and water supply system)

euro/unit 25,000

32,500

40,000

Availability of underground water sources, depth

2.1.4. Investment for sewer connection (connection to an existing sewerage system)

euro/m 60.00 70.00 80.00Distance to nearest sewer connection/natural receiving body, terrain topology

2.1.5. Investment for electrical power supply connection to medium voltage power lines)

euro/m 60.00 65.00 70.00Distance to nearest medium level electricity line, topology

2.1.6. Investment for transformation point (construction of a transformer for lowering the voltage)

euro/WMC 25,000

27,500

30,000

Installed power for WMC

2.2. MBT Investment 2.2.1. Investment for sorting plant

(construction of a facility comprising magnetic bailer, conveyor belt, automatic sorting of various recyclables, etc)

euro/t 30,000.00

55,000.00

80,000.00

Site availability, proposed technology, collection strategy

2.2.2. Investment for composting area (construction of an aerobic/anaerobic composting facility and endowment with various mechanical equipment: shredder, conveyor belt, etc)

euro/t 15,000.00

16,500.00

18,000.00

Site availability, proposed technology, climacteric conditions, collection strategy

2.2.3. Investment for MBT equipment (supply of various equipment: front loader, turning machine, etc)

euro/plant 1,000,000

1,150,000

1,300,000

Received quantities

2.3. Landfill Investment 2.3.1. Investment for site

organization (organize the necessary earthworks for the next landfill: shaping, completion of natural clay barrier, protection dams, etc)

euro/m3 1.50 5.75 10.0Topographical and geotechnical conditions, existence and quality of natural clay barrier, distance from available clay pit


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age Max

Influence Factors

2.3.2. Investment for insulation (organize the insulation layers according to the technical norms: drainage layer, geomembrane, etc.)

euro/m2 40.0 45.0 50.0Topology, insulation type

2.3.3. Investment for landfill equipment (supply of various equipment: front loader buldozer, compactor, etc, for an incoming waste stream of maximum 350 t/day)

euro/landfill 1,000,000

1,150,000

1,300,000

Received quantities

2.3.4. Investment for leachate treatment (construction of a waste water treatment unit for the leachate arriving from the landfill)

euro/m2 100.0 150.0 200.0Discharge conditions, technological option

2.3.5. Investment for monitoring equipment (construction of well for monitoring the quality of underground waters up and down stream of the landfill)

euro/landfill 10,000

12,500

15,000

Topography of the landfill and surrounding area, geotechnical conditions, requirements of EPA

2.4. Annex facilities for waste management center

2.4.1. Investment for weighing bridge (construction of an entry point to measure the received waste quantities)

euro/Waste Manageme

nt Component

40000

45020

90000

Selected technological option, capacity

2.4.2. Investment for administrative building (construction of a building to be used by administrative and management personnel; this will also comprise a laboratory)

euro/WMC 75,000

162,500

250,000

Topographical and geotechnical conditions, laboratory endowment

2.4.3. Investment for washing station (organize an area for cleaning the vehicles arriving to the facility)

euro/WMC 25,000.

27,500.0

30,000.00

Topographical and geotechnical conditions, equipment type

2.4.4. Investment for maintenance workshop (this building will also be used as parking area for the working equipment)

euro/WMC 70,000.

85,000

100,000

Topographical and geotechnical conditions, equipment type

3. CLOSURE OF EXISTING LANDFILLS AND DUMPSITES

3.1. Closure of existing authorized and non-compliant landfills

euro/m2 50.00 60.0 70.0Topographical and geotechnical conditions, specific environmental issues

3.2. Cleaning of illegal dumping sites

euro/m3 1.00 3.00 5.00Deposited quantities, scattering level of the deposited waste, access to the area

Source of the Data: FINAL REPORT, Technical Assistance for the Elaboration of the Environmental Cost Assessment and Investment Plan, Phare Project RO 0107.15.03, drafted by Consortium: Eptisa Internacional, Regional Environmental Center, 29 September 2005.


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158

159

Annex 5-2. Regional Infrastructure for waste management in Region 1

Estimates

Descrierea elementului

de infrastructura

Element de infrastructura Unitatea de masura

2003

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

nr. 3 5 12 1 2 4 1

Depozite de vor fi inchise Suprafata

(ha) 21 17 34,9 2,2 5,4 23,2 4,2

nr.

Depozit nou Neamt Capacitate, 1000 t

300

Depozit nou Bacau Capacitate, 1000 t/an

165

Depozit nou Iasi Capacitate, 1000 t/an

200

Depozit Botasani Capacitate, 1000 t/an

70

Depozit Suceava Capacitate, 1000 t/an

160

Depozit zonal Vaslui Capacitate, 1000 t/an

90

60 l bins nr. 9998

Recipienti din plastic cu roti de 120 l

nr. 13335 13000

240l 21000 2728 21000 58000

Euro containere de metal de 660l

nr. 4413

Euro containere de metal de 1,1 mc

nr. 4397 41974 863 6806 10083

Alte recipiente de colectare a de;eurilor 4-4,5 m³

nr. 3291 67

Vehicule de colectare 15m³ nr. 93



Estimates

Descrierea elementului

de infrastructura

Element de infrastructura Unitatea de masura

2003

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Vehicule de colectare 14m³

nr. 16 1 5

Vehicule de colectare 8m³ nr. 2 3

Tractor cu remorca nr. 95

Autocamioane 12m³ nr. 44 1

Skip 4m³ nr. 89 2

Puncte de Colectare nr. 89

nr. 1 4

Statii de Transfer

t/an 13833 55000

nr. 1 20 2 5

Statii de Sortare

t/an 7000 200000 20500 50000 nr. 1 2 15

Statii de Compostare

t/an 25000 9750 145000

Nr. abnonati la serviciul de salubritate

nr.

Populatia acoperita de serviciul de salubritate

nr. 1,272898 2195858 2667803 3105580 323858 3423315 3562817 3665094

Total Populatie nr. 3743819 3713506 3705282 3697120 3689021 3680984 3673008 3665094 Source: Data from EPA, ISPA Financing Memorandum and consultant estimate

*part of ISPA investment programme

Detailed calculation of the Investment Costs could be found in the Excel file attached to the Regional Waste management Plan.

Annex 5-3. Unit costs in Urban and Rural areas, for waste management (€/ton)



Waste Management Unit Unit cost (€/ton)

Dense Urban Urban Rural Investment O&M Investment O&M Investment O&M Landfill 9.30 3.00 9.30 3.00 9.30 3.00 Composting facility 33.63 28.11 33.63 28.11 33.63 28.11 Incinerator 60.00 50.00 60.00 50.00 60.00 50.00 Sorting facility 20.48 30.72 20.48 30.72 20.48 30.72 Simple sorting unit for Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste

3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00

Bio-mechanical treatment unit with Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)

22.31 32.02 22.31 32.02 22.31 32.02

Transfer station 0 0 0.16 2.53 0.16 2.53 Bulk haulage from transfer

Dry recyclables

2.63

4.21

2.63

4.08

2.87

4.42

Biodegradable 1.05 1.68 1.05 1.63 1.15 1.77

Residual 1.31 2.10 1.31 2.04 1.44 2.21

Glass 0.58 0.93 0.58 0.91 0.64 0.98

C&D waste 0.55 0.89 0.55 0.86 0.61 0.93

Collection of glass from bring sites 4.10 4.21 4.10 4.21 4.10 4.21 Collection of dry recyclables from bring sites 8.90 25.30 8.90 25.30 8.90 25.30 Collection of biodegradable waste from households 0.74 3.00 0.74 3.00 0.74 3.00 Collection of dry recyclables from households 9.00 30.00 9.00 30.00 9.00 30.00

162

Annex 5-4. UNIT COSTS FOR LANDFILL CLOSURE (€/HA)

Closure in compliance with landfill directive

Investment (€/ha)

Spread cost over (years)

O&M for closed sites

(€/year/ha)

Maintain O&M for (years)

Dense Urban landfill 200,000 2 4500 20 Town landfill 150,000 2 2500 20

Closure not in compliance with landfill directive

Investment (€/ha)

Spread cost over (years)

O&M (€/year/ha)

Maintain O&M for (years)

Dense Urban landfill closed prior to 2007

150,000 2 500 20

Town landfill closed after 2007 150,000 2 500 20 Rural landfill 13,488 1 0 0

Annex 5-5. UNIT COST CALCULATION FOR COMPOSTING FACILITY (€/t)

INVESTMENT Investment (€) Payback Period (years)

Rate (%) Annualised cost (€/year)

Unit costs (€/t)

Land 414,000 7 29,000 0.73

Site development 320,000 25 7 27,500 0.69

Process buildings 6,153,000 25 7 528,000 13.20

Technical installations and machinery

3,911,000 15 7 429,400 10.74

Mobile machinery 205,000 8 7 34,200 0.65

Electro technical installations 1,237,000 15 7 135,900 3.39

Fees 1,065,000 20 7 100,500 2.51

Pre-financing 643,000 20 7 60,700 1.52

Total Investment 13,947,000 1,345,100 33.63

OPERATION, independent of input € Percentage (%) Annualised costs (€/year)

Unit costs (€/t)

Process buildings 6,473,000 1 64,700 1.62

Technical installations and machinery

3,911,000 4 154,900 3.91

Mobile machinery 205,000 8 16,400 0.41

Electro technical installations 1,237,000 2.5 30,900 0.77

Taxes and insurances 12,240,000 1 122,400 3.06

Management 188,000 10 18,800 0.47

Auxiliary materials 268,000 5 13,400 0.34

number €/person

Labour 5.25 35,800 187,900 4.70

Total 611,000 15.28

OPERATION, input dependent

Electricity 1,650 MWh/year €81.8/MWh 135,000 3.37

Fuel 25 m3/year €485.7/m3 12,100 0.30

Treatment of residuals 100 Kg/t input 4,000 t/year €91.5/t 366,100 9.15

Total 513,200 12.83

Total O&M 28.11


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163

Annex 5-6. UNIT COST CALCULATION FOR GRATE INCINERATOR (€/t)

INVESTMENT Investment (€) Payback Period (year)

Rate (%) Annualised cost (€/year)

Unit costs (€/t)

Costs of land 368,000 7 25,700 0.13

Development of site 341,000 25 7 29,200 0.15

Construction costs 21,629,000 25 7 1,856,000 9.28

Technical installations and machinery 69,740,000 15 7 7,657,100 38.29

Electro technical installations 13,280,000 15 7 1,458,000 7.29

Fees 5,559,000 17 7 300,000 1.50

Pre-financing 7,279,000 17 7 676,000 3.38

Total Investment 12,000,000 60,00

OPERATION, independent of input € Percentage (%) Annualised costs (€/year)

Unit costs (€/t)

Construction 21,970,000 1 219,700 1.10

Technical installations and machinery 69,740,000 4 2,789,600 13.95

Electro technical installations 13,280,000 2,5 332,000 1.66

Taxes and insurances 105,357,000 1 1,053,600 5.27

Management 2,863,000 10 286,300 1.43

Auxiliary materials 3,341,000 5 167,100 0.83

number €/person

Labour 80 21800 1,744,000 8,72

Total 6,592,000 32.96

OPERATION, input dependent

Process Water 51,200 m3/year €0.15/m3 7,900 0.04

Gas 1,381,440 0.20 282,500 1.41

CaO 1000 ton/year €79.2/t 79,200 0.40

Ammonia 400 97.1 38,900 0.19

Treatment of slag 334 Kg/t input 66,800 t/year €28.1/t 1,878,500 9.39

Treatment of ashes 8 Kg/t input 1,600 t/year €255.6/t 409,000 2.05

Treatment of Filters dust and others 22 Kg/t input 4,400 t/year €255.6/t 1,124,800 5.62

Total 3,820,800 19.10

Total O&M 52.06

Annex 5-7. UNIT COST FOR INVESTMENT IN TRANSFER STATIONS (€/TON)

Investment for transfer station in Teleorman county 650,000 € Town population generating waste 140,023 0.43 60,209.89 tones Rural population generating waste 295,932 0.23 68,064.36 tones Total waste quantity to be transferred in one year 128,274.3 tones Lifetime of transfer station 30 years Total waste quantity to be transferred in 30 years 3,848,228 tones

Unit CAPEX cost for transfer stations 0.168909 €/tnne


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Annex 5-8. UNIT COSTS FOR BULK HAULAGE FROM TRANSFER STATIONS (€/TON)

Annex 5-9. ASSUMPTIONS TO CALCULATE UNIT COSTS FOR BULK HAULAGE FROM TRANSFER STATIONS (€/TON)

Investment cost (€)

Replacement period (years)

Source information

30 m3 haulage vehicle

120,000 7 Bacau ISPA

300 days/year; 16 hours a day (2 shifts)

30 m3 bins 7,500 5 Bacau ISPA 365 days a year

Loading system 50,000 7 Bacau ISPA 365 days/year; up to 8 hours/day operating

density collected density for transfer

dry recyclable 0.15 0.2

the metals can be reduced in volume a great deal, but this is a minor part of the load

Biodegradable 0.25 0.5 compaction effective Residual 0.2 0.4 compaction effective

Glass 0.9 0.9 no change, glass broken when loading into original containers

municipal Urban rural investment O&M investment O&M investment O&Ms Dry recyclables 2.63 4.21 2.63 4.08 2.87 4.42 Biodegradable 1.05 1.68 1.05 1.63 1.15 1.77 Residual 1.31 2.10 1.31 2.04 1.44 2.21 Glass 0.58 0.93 0.58 0.91 0.64 0.98 C & D waste 0.55 0.89 0.55 0.86 0.61 0.93

Ministry of Environment and Water Management Romania - Regional Waste Management Plan - Region 1

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