19 .2

MING & QING CHINA

FALL OF YUAN DYNASTY

• 1368 – Bubonic Plague

• Chinese-led peasant army revolts and throws Mongols out of China.

MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

• Ming = “brilliant”• Founded by Zhu Yuan

Zhang• A Chinese commoner, led

army to capture capital city (Dadu)

• Proclaimed himself Emperor Hong Wu

• Changes: • Brought stability & peace• Reintroduced Confucianism• Centralized the

government• Increase economy through

agriculture

MING SOCIETY & CULTURE

• Emperor Yong Le organized Chinese encyclopedia… 23,000 manuscript rolls!! • Novels• Silks

MING EXPLORATION

• Zheng He• Sent on 7 expeditions (1405-1433) • Emperor wanted to control trade in Indian Ocean• Commanded 317 ships w/ 28,000 soldiers• Traveled to: • Southeast Asia• India• Persian Gulf• Arabia• East Africa

• Used diplomacy over force, when possible• Trips ended in 1430s – too expensive,

refocus on agriculture (even destroyed maps!)

Columbus’ Ship

Zheng He’s Ship

1421: The Year China Discovered America (by Gavin Mendies)

• Argues that Zheng He actually reached America first.

• Records supposedly destroyed, colonies forgotten

Answer Question

#1

Answer Question

#2

THE FORBIDDEN CITY

• Yong Le moved capital city to newly-rebuilt Beijing• Forbidden City =

complex of palaces, great halls, courtyards, gardens, moats• 30 ft. high walls• City within a city• Outer layer had high-

ranking officials• Within inner red wall lived

the emperor’s family (only eunuchs allowed)

Answer Question

#3

DOWNFALL OF THE MING

Lavish living & feasting

Raising taxes on

commoners

Peasant unrest

Corruption & Inefficiency

weaken borders

MANCHU INVASION

QING DYNASTY (1644-1911)

• Qing = “pure”• 2nd time foreigners ruled China• Extended Chinese territory to: • Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan

Answer Question

#4

MANCHU MEETS CHINESE

Manchus Chinese

Supported by Ming

bureaucrats tired of

corruption

Ruling Elite

Outlawed marriage

between Manchus

& Chinese

Outnumbered

Manchus 30 to 1

Men forced to

shave heads

(except for queue)

“Keep your hair and lose

your headOr

Lose your hair and keep your

head”

Answer Question

#5

Answer Question

#6

QING POLICIES

• Emperor Kangzi• Organized flood control &

irrigation projects• Confucian scholar

• Labor-intensive farming• Internal trade (specialization)• Europeans came beginning

in Ming Dynasty, looking for: • Tea• Porcelain• Silk

• Policy of Isolation• Called Europeans “ocean

devils” • Refused to trade with outsiders

IN-CLASS PROMPT

• Role: Newspaper Writer• Audience: Newspaper

Readers• Format: Eulogy• Topic: Praise the

strengths & criticize the weaknesses of either the Ming or Qing Dynasties. • Include: two strengths, two

weaknesses, three policies or changes

Grading Rubric

Qualities Points

Excellent Depth of thought2 strengths2 weaknesses3 policies/changesCreative & neat

10

Ok Depth of thoughtSome strengths, weaknesses, policies/changesSome errors

7

Assignment was attemptedToo rushed (little depth)Minimal detailsMany errors

5