Mind MapPhotosynthesis

requirements occurs inside

process consists of

rate can be affected by products

function in cells

converted to

1. chlorophyll

2. carbon dioxide

3. sunlight

4. water

chloroplasts

1. light reactions

2. dark reactions

1. light intensity

2. carbon dioxide concentration

glucose oxygen

provides energy

1. amino acid

2. sucrose

3. starch

4. cellulose

5. fats

Mind MapRespiration

oxygen is not required

leads to

can be classified into

as

examples

food is oxidised to r

eleaseoxygen is required

produces produces

can be used in

energy

1. ATP

2. Heat

aerobic respiration

larger amount of

energy

anaerobic respiration

smaller amount of

energyalcoholic

fermentation

1. brewing and wine making

2. bread making

lactic acid fermentation in

muscles

oxygen debt and fatigue

Mind MapPlants

need

2 major elements

can be obtained by adding

include

mode of nutrition

mainly through

in daytime

at night(or in the

dark)

occurs in the leaves most

autotrophic nutrition

mineral salts

1. nitrogen

2. magnesium

fertilizers

1. chemical fertilizers

2. natural fertilizers

gaseous exchange

stomata on leaves

respiration and photosynthesis

respiration only

Mind Map

the process of losing water from the surface to the

atmosphere

is the creates importance

transpiration

loss of water from plant

transpiration pull

1. carries and helps absorbing dissolved mineral salts

2. produces cooling effect

the rate is affected by

1. light intensity

2. temperature

3. relative humidity

4. air movement

Plants

Mind MapPlants

one main function of roots

by by

2 main kinds of substances

a system of plants

through through

2 different kinds of substances

by by

by

to help plants to stand upright

absorption in roots

water

osmosis

mineral salts

active transport

transport in flowering plants

water and mineral salts

xylem

transpiration pull

organic nutrients

phloem

translocation

support

1. turgidity of cells

2. rigidity of xylem

Mind Map Food we should have a

otherwise will result in

contains the right amount of all

consists of

include

include

is isis

food test for

food test

consist of consist of

food test

balanced diet malnutrition

7 food substances

primary food substances protective food substances

carbohydrates

1. monosaccharides

2. disaccharides

3. polysaccharides

glucose

clinistix paper

reducing sugars

Benedict's test

starch

iodine test

fats

1. fatty acids

2. glycerol

spot test

proteins

amino acids

albustix paper

water

Mind Map Food we should have a

otherwise will result in

contains the right amount of all

consists of

include

stimulate

prevent

balanced diet malnutrition

7 food substances

primary food substances protective food substances

includeinclude

deficiency disease

deficiency disease

deficiency disease

deficiency disease

deficiency disease

food test

vitamins

vitamin A

night blindness

vitamin C

scurvy

DCPIP test

vitamin D

rickets

minerals

calcium

soft bones

iron

anaemia

dietary fibres

peristalsis

constipation

Mind Map Nutrition in humansThe digestive system consists of associated digestive glands and

includes

alimentary canal

mouth cavity

oesophagus

stomach

duodenum

ileum

appendix

caecum

colon

rectum

anus

Mind Map Nutrition in humansconsists of 5 processes

food is broken down by

include

the number and arrangement are shown by

to

functions include

mainly through

mainly through

involves

by

involves

3 major types of enzyme

involves involves

ingestion

teeth

1. incisors

2. canines

3. premolars

4. molars

dental formula

digestion

mechanical digestion

1. chewing

2. peristalsis

chemical digestion

enzymatic reactions

1. carbohydrase

2. protease

3. lipase

absorption

villi

1. blood capillaries

2. lacteals

1. diffusion

2. active transport

assimilation

hepatic portal vein

liver

1. regulates blood glucose level

2. deamination

3. stores iron and vitamins

egestion

Mind MapGaseous exchange in human

involves

for

the rate and depth increase when doing

involve the movement of

consists of

consists of

the exchange of

by

breathing system

1. nasal cavity

2. pharynx

3. larynx

4. trachea

5. lungs

bronchi bronchioles alveoli

ventilation

oxygen

inspiration expiration

carbon dioxide

1. diaphragm

2. Ribs and sternum

exercise

Mind Map Circulatory system

consists of

includedivided into

cardiac cycle

consists of

include

functions are

double circulation

blood vessels

1. arteries

2. veins

3. capillaries

heart

1. 2 atria

2. 2 ventricles

auricular systole

ventricular systole

diastole

blood

1. plasma

2. blood cells

1. red blood cells

2. white blood cells

3. platelets

1. transport

2. body defence

3. body temperature regulation

1. pulmonary circulation

2. systemic circulation

Mind Map

Lymphatic system

consists of

flows by

1. lymph vessels

2. lymph nodes

3. lymph

1. contraction of skeletal muscles

2. pressure from the tissues

Mind MapDetecting of environmental conditions

is called

change in external or internal environment is called

detected by

nerve impulses sent to

to

produce

mainly by

include

sense organ sense organ sense organ sense organ sense organ

structures include

for

consists of

common eye defects

irritability

stimulus

receptors

brain or spinal cord

effectors include muscles

and glands

response

five senses

hearing taste sight smell touch

ear tongue eye nose skin

1. aqueous humour

2. vitreous humour

3. retina

4. optic nerve

5. sclera

6. cornea

7. choroid

8. lens

9. iris

10. pupil

1. circular muscles

2. radial muscles

controlling the size of pupil

1. long sight

2. short sight

3. colour blindness

examples