MIND IN THE MAKING: From Research MAY, 2014 …...Focus and Self Control ! Perspective Taking !...

From Research to Action

MIND IN THE MAKING: ELLEN GALINSKY | FAMILIES AND WORK INSTITUTE

MAY, 2014

™ DO NOT USE WITHOUT PERMISSION

© 2014 Families and Work Institute

IN THE FIRST YEARS, TRILLIONS OF NEURAL CONNECTIONS ARE MADE—FORMING THE FOUNDATION FOR FUTURE LEARNING. The architecture of the brain is being bui lt from the ground up, based not just on genes but our experiences and interactions. But, as you wil l see, it is never too late.

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STARTING AT THE BEGINNING… BRAIN BASICS WITH SAM WANG


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POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH CARING ADULTS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

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When we talk about how the environment affects young children, we're really talking about most importantly the human environment and we're talking about relationships. There is no healthy social, emotional and cognitive progression in the absence of relationships. There is no development without

relationships! —Jack P. Shonkoff , Harvard Univers i ty


!  PROMOTING SERVE AND RETURN.

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AN

ESSENTIAL STRATEGY IN IMPROVING CHILDREN’S LEARNING


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HOW CHILDREN LEARN LANGUAGE Patricia Kuhl


!  PROMOTINGEXECUTIVE FUNCTION SKILLS.

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AN

ESSENTIAL STRATEGY IN IMPROVING CHILDREN’S LEARNING


! Focus—being able to pay attention;

! Working memory—being able to keep information in mind in order to use it;

! Cognitive flexibility—being able to adjust to shifting needs and demands; and

! Inhibitory control—being able to resist the temptation to go on automatic and do what we need to do to achieve our goals.

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WHAT ARE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION SKILLS?


AS CHILDREN GROW OLDER, THESE SKILLS INCLUDE REFLECTING, ANALYZING, PLANNING AND EVALUATING. IT’S NEVER TOO LATE.

8 © 2014 Families and Work Institute

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LIFE SKILLS

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS


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EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LIFE SKILLS ARE IMPORTANT TO SCHOOL READINESS AND

SCHOOL SUCCESS.


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Building the Brain’s

“Air Traffic Control” System:

How Early Experiences Shape the

Development of Executive Function

WORKING PAPER 1111“Executive function skills are crucial building blocks for the early development of both cognitive and social capacities.”

“© 2014 Families and Work Institute

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“Attention [skil ls] allow children to focus on something in a way that maximizes the information they get out of it.”

Jeannie Brooks-Gunn,

Columbia University

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“ ”© 2014 Families and Work Institute

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EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LIFE SKILLS ARE IMPORTANT IN

ADDRESSING THE HIGH SCHOOL SUCCESS.


Fifteen-year olds in the U.S. today are average in science and reading literacy, and below average in mathematics, compared to their counterparts in OECD countries. The hard truth is that the U.S. is not among the top per forming OECD nations in any subject tested by PISA. Arne Duncan, U.S Secretary of Educat ion

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PISA 2012 RESULTS IN FOCUS

What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know. © 2014 Families and Work Institute

! It’s not just an assessment of whether students can reproduce what they have learned; it also examines how well they can extrapolate and apply knowledge in unfamiliar settings—in and outside of school.

! This approach reflects the

fact that modern societies reward individuals not for what they know, but for what they can DO with what they know.

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OECD - PISA 2012 RESULTS


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EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LIFE SKILLS ARE IMPORTANT IN

ADDRESSING COLLEGE SUCCESS AND THE

GRADUATION RATE.


High Self-Control Predicts Good Adjustment,

Less Pathology, BetterGrades, and

Interpersonal Success

June P. Tangney

George Mason University

Roy F. Baumeister

Case Western Reserve University

Angie Luzio Boone

George Mason University

ABSTRACT What good is self-control? We incorporated a new measure

of individual differences in self-control into two large investigations of a

broad spectrum of behaviors. The new scale showed good internal

consistency and retest reliability. Higher scores on self-control correl

ated

with a higher grade point average, better adjustment (fewer reports of

psychopathology,higher self-esteem

), less binge eatingand alcohol abuse,

better relationships and interpersonal skill

s, secure attachment, and more

optimal emotional responses.Tests for curviline

arity failed to indicate any

drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects

remained after

controlling for social desirability. Low self-control is thus

a significant risk

factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.

June P. Tangney and Angie Luzio Boone, Department of PsychologyGeorge Mason

University; Roy F. Baumeister, Department of Psychology, CaseWestern Reserve

University.

This research was supported by a research grant from the John Templeton

Foundation and by research grant #MH-57039 from the National Institutesof Health.

We thank Ronda Dearing for assistance with data analysis.

Address correspondence to June P. Tangney, Dept. of Psycholog

y, George Mason

University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax VA, 22030-4444.

Journal of Personality 72:2, April 2004.

Blackwell Publishing 2004

A 2004 study found that Self-Control is the only characteristic that predicts college student’s grade point average—better than I.Q tests or S.A.T. scores


Running Head: PRESCHOOL ATTENTION AND EDUCATION AT AGE 25 1

Relations between Preschool Attention Span-Persistence and Age 25 Educational

Outcomes

Megan M. McClelland

Alan C. Acock

Oregon State University

Andrea Piccinin

University of Victoria

Sally Ann Rhea

University of Colorado

Michael C. Stallings

University of Colorado

MANUSCRIPT IN PRESS: Early Childhood Research Quarterly

Funding for this study was supported by the Colorado Adoption Project grant HD-010333 and

grant HD-036773 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

(NICHD). Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Megan M. McClelland,

Human Development and Family Sciences, 245 Hallie E. Ford Center for Healthy Children and

Families, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; Phone: (541) 737-9225; Fax: (541)

737-2072. E-mail may be sent to [email protected].

Acknowledgements: We are very grateful to Robin Corley for assistance with data management.

A 2012 study by Megan McClelland, Oregon State University found that one aspect of executive function skills in four-year-olds—“attention span-persistence”—is strongly predictive of whether or not these same children graduated from college when they were 25 years old.


” The statistics are dramatic:

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“Children who were rated one standard deviation higher on attention span-persistence at age 4 had 48.7% greater odds of completing college by age 25.

—Megan McClelland, Oregon State University


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EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LIFE SKILLS ARE IMPORTANT IN WORKFORCE READINESS

AND WORKFORCE SUCCESS.


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James T. Bond

Ellen Galinsky

Stacy S. Kim

Erin Brownfield

Funded by

the Alfred P. S loan Foundat ion

FAMILIES AND WORK INSTITUTE HAS STUDIED THESE ISSUES FOR SEVERAL DECADES.


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EMPLOYERS ARE CONCERNED THAT NEW

ENTRANTS TO THE WORKFORCE HAVE A FILL-IN-THE-BUBBLE MENTALITY

AND AREN’T USED TO WORKING IN TEAMS.


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IF WE ARE GOING TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN SCHOOL READINESS,

SCHOOL SUCCESS, WORKFORCE READINESS AND WORKFORCE SUCCESS,

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LIFE SKILLS ARE A

STRONG PLACE TO INTERVENE.


! Focus and Self Control

! Perspective Taking

! Communicating

! Making Connections

! Critical Thinking

! Taking on Challenges

! Self-Directed, Engaged Learning

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Seven Evidence- based Executive Function Life Skills that can help children and adults thrive now and in the future.


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AN EXECUTIVE FUNCTION SKILL: FOCUS AND SELF CONTROL


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Factors That Matter—Building on What Young Children Do to Manage Stimulation

HOW SELF CONTROL BEGINS T. Berry Brazelton


Factors That Matter— Playing Games With Children

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Circle Time Game: Megan McClelland.


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FACTORS THAT MATTER: HELPING CHILDREN DEVELOP THEIR OWN STRATEGIES

THE MARSHMALLOW TEST WALTER MISCHEL


From Research to Action

MIND IN THE MAKING: ELLEN GALINSKY | FAMILIES AND WORK INSTITUTE

MAY, 2014

™ DO NOT USE WITHOUT PERMISSION


MIND IN THE MAKING: From Research MAY, 2014 …...Focus and Self Control ! Perspective Taking !...

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Transcript of MIND IN THE MAKING: From Research MAY, 2014 …...Focus and Self Control ! Perspective Taking !...