Millimeter Waves(mmWaves)

By: Belal Essam

7 August 2016

Agenda

• mmWave In Brief

• Motivation

• mmWave Characteristics

• Existing Solutions

• Applications of mmWave Communications

• Key Player in mmWave Comm. Research

• Conclusion

• References

7 August 2016

mmWave In Brief

• Millimeter-wave frequencies often refer to the frequency rangefrom 30GHz to 300GHz.

• Such frequencies are designated as Extremely high frequency (EHF) band.

• The wavelength of which is between 10mm to 1mm.

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Motivation

• Growing Devices • Growing Traffic

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Why mmWave Frequencies ?

mmWave Spectrum still undeveloped

More bandwidth is available at these

frequencies

Efficient frequency reuse due to high

attenuation

Inherent security and privacy because of

narrow beam widths and limited range

Practical antenna array on chip is feasible due

to extremely small wavelengths

@ 60 GHz

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mmWave Characteristics

• mmWave characterization should be considered in the design of network architectures and protocols to fully exploit its potential.

1. mmWave communications suffer from huge propagation loss, due to the high carrier frequency.

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mmWave Characteristics

2. The rain attenuation and atmospheric absorption characteristics of mmWave propagation limit the range of mmWave communications.

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mmWave Characteristics

3. Besides, mmWave communications are sensitive to blockage by obstacles such as humans and furniture , due to weak diffraction ability.

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mmWave Characteristics

• Researchers in [1] conducted propagation measurements in a realistic indoor environment in the presence of human activity, and the results show that the channel is blocked for about 1% or 2% of the time for one to five persons.

• Taking human mobility into consideration, mmWave links are intermittent.

• [1] S. Collonge, G. Zaharia, and G. E. Zein, “Influence of human activity on wide-band characteristics of the 60GHz indoor radio channel,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 2369–2406, 2004.

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Existing Solutions

• To combat severe propagation loss, beamforming (BF) has been adopted as an essential technique where with a small wavelength, electronically steerable antenna arrays can be realized on chip.

• With smaller cell sizes , the rain attenuation and atmospheric absorption do not create significant additional path loss for cell sizes on the order of 200 m.

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Existing Solutions

• To tackle the sensitivity to blockage by obstacles:

1. Building blockageHigh density of infrastructure required tocover areas around buildings.

2. Body blockageMacro diversity where users associate withmultiple base stations.

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Existing Solutions

3. Hand blockageArray diversity on the handset.

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Applications of mmWave Communications

• Small Cell AccessWith huge bandwidth, mmWave small cells are able to provide the multi-gigabit rates.

• Cellular AccessIt is shown that mmWave for 5G cellular access have the potential for high coverage and capacity as long as the infrastructure is densely deployed.

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Applications of mmWave Communications

• Based on the extensive propagation measurement campaigns at mmWave frequencies, the feasibility and efficiency of applying mmWave communications in the cellular access have been demonstrated at 28 GHz and 38 GHz with the cell sizes at the order of 200 m.

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Applications of mmWave Communications

• Wireless BackhaulWith small cells densely deployed in the next generation of cellular systems (5G), it is costly to connect 5G base stations (BSs) to the other 5G BSs and to the network by fiber based backhaul. In contrast, high speed wireless backhaul is more cost-effective, flexible, and easier to deploy.

wireless backhaul in mmWave bands provides several-Gbps data rates and can be a promising backhaul solution for small cells.

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Applications of mmWave Communications

• The Pig Picture:

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Key Player in mmWave Comm. Research

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Conclusion

• With the potential to offer orders of magnitude greater capacity over current communication systems, mmWave communications become a promising candidate for the 5G mobile networks.

• The characteristics of mmWave communications promote the redesign of architectures and protocols to address the challenges, including integrated circuits and system design, interference management and spatial reuse, anti-blockage, etc.

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References

• Niu, Yong, et al. "A survey of millimeter wave communications (mmWave) for 5G: opportunities and challenges." Wireless Networks 21.8 (2015): 2657-2676.

• Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport. “Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications: The Renaissance of Computing and Communications.” International Conference on Communications, Keynote presentation Sydney, Australia, 2014.

• Robert W. Heath. “Millimeter wave as the future of 5G.” Wireless Networking and Communications Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2015.

• Yu, Yikun, Baltus, Peter G.M., van Roermund, Arthur H.M. “Integrated 60GHz RF Beamforming in CMOS.” Springer, 2011.

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7 August 2016