Millennium Development Goals

Kenya Vs. Kazakhstan

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Achieve universal primary education

Promote gender equality and empowerwomenReduce child mortality

Improve maternal health

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Ensure environmental sustainability

Develop a global partnership for development

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

National Incidence of food poverty:1997- 48.7%2006-45.6%

Rural Poverty:1997- 50.7%2006- 42.2%

“To sustain this progress there is need for Kenya to fast track interventions geared towards enhancing food availability through increased agricultural productivity so as to boost household access to food in sufficient quantity and quality as well as surplus for sale.” – ke.undp.org

Gross Domestic Product (Kazakhstan)

Gross Domestic Product (Kenya)

Achieve universal primary education

Enrollment in public and private school:2008- 8.6 million2009-8.8 million Increase of 2.3%

Enrollment rates in Kenya remain higher for boys than girls. The margin between boys and girls remains large especially in urban areas. This appears to be one of Kenya’s larger challenges in regards to the millennium developmental goals.

Achieve universal primary education (cont.)

Education is universal and mandatory through to the secondary level and the adult literacy rate is 99.5%. Education consists of three main phases: primary education, basic general education and senior level education divided into continued general education and professional education. (Primary education is preceded by one year of pre-school education.) These levels can be followed in one institution or in different ones. Recently, several secondary schools, specialized schools, magnet schools, lyceums, linguistic and technical gymnasiums, have been founded. Secondary professional education is offered in special professional or technical schools or colleges and vocational schools.

Promote gender equality and empower women

“The government's commitment to invest in social services to improve the welfare of the population has been consistent in the past 8 years. The total social sector expenditure increased by 19.8 per cent from KES 197,537.4 million in the 2008/09 to KES 236,578.7 million in the 2009/10 Financial Year. The ministry of Gender, Children and Social Services recorded the highest increase in expenditure of 82.3 per cent.” ke.undp.org

Promote gender equality and empower women

Ratio of men to women graphed by age in Kazykhstan

The website of the US Embassy in Kazakhstan notes that in 2004-2005 the Kazakhstan government's human-rights record "remained poor," and "the Government continued to commit numerous abuses.

Reduce child mortality

National Malaria Strategy (KNMS) Developed in 2009 as an 8 year project designed to join Ministries of Public Health and Sanitation and Medical Services in an attempt to combat Malaria in Kenya

The Malezi Bora Strategy Develped in 2007 and provides many services to children in Africa including immunizations and other health services to women and children

Reduce child mortality (Cont.)

“The solution of the existing problems is regulated by the relevant government regulations and orders of the Ministry of Health.Unfortunately, their implementation on the ground is not sufficiently clear, that may be due to a lack of understanding of the orders because of insufficient knowledge of health professionals a framework of new perinatal technologies and organizational support. The data obtained as a result of the analysis and assessment of the status of MDG 4 in the Republic of Kazakhstan, allows us to offer the following recommendations: - to introduce the practice of obstetrics regionalization of perinatal care; - to introduce the practice of neonatal pathology departments, primary hospitals and institutions, implementation guides primary care assistance of the WHO program "Integrated Management of Childhood Illness age .”- undp.kz.org

Improve maternal health

“Maternal mortality in Kenya has remained unacceptably high at 488 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (with some regions reporting MMRs of 1,000/100,000 live births) in 2008/9, an increase from 414/100,000 in 2003, 590/100,000 in 1998.

Most maternal deaths are due to causes directly related to pregnancy and childbirth unsafe abortion and obstetric complications such as severe bleeding, infection, hypertensive disorders, and obstructed labor.

Others are due to causes such as malaria, diabetes, hepatitis, and anaemia, which are aggravated by pregnancy.” ke.undp.org

Kazakhstan:•To achieve MDG 5, Kazakhstan needs to reduce its maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 55 per 100,000 live births to 14 by 2015.

•Since 1990, MMR (maternal mortality rate) has been reduced by less than 2 times.

•As the MMR is being reduced, each subsequent reduction will be more difficult to achieve.

•Progress achieved in recent years inspires cautious optimism.

Improve maternal health cont.

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Kenya National AIDS Strategic Plan (KNASP III) Has the target goal of addressing 80% of recorded disease issues. This goal will not be met until 2013.

The National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP) estimates that at least 68% of the nearly 570,000 people in need of ART were receiving it by end of June 2010.

•1 January 2010, there were 13,784 cases of HIV infection. •Since 1987, there has been an increase in new HIV infection cases every year other than 2009. •Intravenous drug use is 67.5 percent of cases, with sexual transmission being 24.4 percent.•In Kazakhstan, tuberculosis is considered to be an established disease, determined by social factors and remains a serious problem for public health.• Kazakhstan leads in terms of the incidence of registered tuberculosis (TB), and is one of 18 priority countries for TB in the WHO European Region. •Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) incidence is one of the highest in the world. •To achieve their goal, it will require the Government:

- to make further efforts for the high-quality introduction of and improvement in all components of the basic DOTS strategy;

- to ensure universal application of International Standards for Tuberculosis Care in defining tuberculosis cases and treatment results in order to improve the quality of services and monitor their performance;

- to secure TB infection control measures at all healthcare levels;- to raise awareness of governmental, non-governmental and donor

organisations about importance of the tuberculosis problem including spread of drug-resistant TB forms;

- to strengthen intra- and inter-agency integration of the TB control programme with the general healthcare network,

-HIV/AIDS prevention and control programme, rehabilitation service for timely detection, treatment and management of cases.

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases (cont.)

Ensure environmental sustainability

“Recent efforts by the government to restore forest cover in the country include the aggressive effort to reclaim 25,000 hectares of illegally settled land in the Mau Forest Complex. The Forest Mainstreaming Initiative was also launched in 2009 to integrate the principles of sustainable development in the country's policies and programs through establishment of a satellite Forestry Resource Account for Kenya.

However, these good initiatives face serious challenges as many poor households depend on forests for wood fuel. It is in this respect that the country must factor in the cost of household energy into the MDGs.” - ke.undp.org

•Two main issues in achieving goal:-Lack of an ecosystem approach in developing and implementing economic and social programs.-Non-compliance with the principles of comprehensive and balanced environment quality managementMeasures undertaken to improve the regulatory framework : optimization of the bio-diversity management structure and regulation processes and active involvement in the international projects.•Water supply: One of the Eurasian countries suffering from water deficit. -Main issue: Safe water supply and waste management.-At least 10 percent of households do not have running water and about -1/4 of the population has no access to a proper sewage system.- Proportion of rural population with access to improved sanitation systems is not yet 50 %-Installed a Road Map Program commended highly in conditions of downturn in urban and rural areas.

Ensure environmental sustainability(cont.)

Develop a global partnership for development

Trade has increasingly become the cornerstone of the Kenya's economic development in the 21st century.

The amount of international trade between Kenya and the rest of the world has been increasing over the years.

 ”Kenya's exports are mainly primary products from the agriculture sector. Manufactured products in Kenya's export basket include iron and steel, pharmaceutical products, cement and essential oils.” ke.undp.org

Develop a global partnership for development (cont.)

•Continues developing cooperation and partnerships at the international level -trade, donor and financial institutions.•Active player in international arena as well as in different regional and international organizations-Private sector and civil society•International partnerships fully support and promote its development objectives. •Most active relationships: trade, investments, finance, IT and communications, regional and international cooperation. •Partnership with the private sector is gaining momentum while dialogue with civil society has a slower progress.