Milestones in Anatomy
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Transcript of Milestones in Anatomy
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Milestones in Anatomy
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Ancient Egyptian Medicine
• Accumulation of facts
• No attempt at explanation
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Ancient Egyptian Medicine1600-1550 BCE• Ancient Egyptian papyri
give details on disease, diagnosis, and remedies of disease, which include herbal remedies, surgery, and magical spells.
• Also distinguish organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, uterus and bladder
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Ancient Egyptian Medicine• Early Egyptian medicine
was based mostly on a mixture of magic and religious spells. Most commonly "cured" by use of amulets or magical spells, the illnesses were thought to be caused by spiteful behavior or actions. Afterwards, doctors performed various medical treatments if necessary.
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Ancient Greek Medicine
• Observations on wounded soldiers
• More focused study by Hippocrates (450-377 BC)
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Ancient Greek Medicine• Explained illness in
terms of the 4 body humors (fluids).
• Thought the humors were governed by air, water, fire, and earth
• Healthy person had all four humors in balance.
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Ancient Greek Medicine
500:• The first recorded
medical dissection of a human body was performed by the ancient Greek philosopher and medical theorist Alcmaeon of Croton
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Ancient Greek Medicine400• Hippocrates founded
the Asclepiades, a school of medicine.
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Ancient Greek Medicine384-322:• Aristotle distinguishes
between arteries and veins. He relies on teaching anatomy through “paradigms, schemata and diagrams” as well as animal dissection rather than the use of human cadavers.
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Ancient Greek Medicine
280• At this time cadaver dissection is allowed at
the anatomy school in Alexandria. Herophilius, a Greek
physician and early “Father of
Anatomy,” studies the nervous system, reproductive
organs, and blood vessels.
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Ancient Greek Medicine162• The Greek scientist Galen
moves to Rome and becomes a physician at the imperial court. He gained valuable experience as the attending physician at a gladiator school and was known for his brain and eye surgeries.
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Medieval Anatomy• After the fall of the Roman
empire, the study of anatomy became stagnant in Christian Europe but flourished in the medieval Islamic world.
• Muslim scholars maintained and advanced the knowledge of Aristotle and Galen
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Tibb al-Akbar manuscript Female
figureCa 1650-1700
by
Muhammad Akbar
Persian Physician
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• Renaissance = rebirth• Resurrection of the
comparative method• Church allows human
dissection for post-mortem investigations
Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519 AD
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Leonardo’s Sketches
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De Humani Corporis Fabrica
Modern Early Anatomy
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• Designed dissecting instruments
Andreas Vesalius 1514-1564 AD
• Corrected Galen and Aristotle
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17th and 18th Centuries• Because the
study of anatomy concerned observation and drawings, the popularity of the anatomist was equal to the quality of his drawing talents,
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt
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19th Century Anatomy
A plate of the skull from the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy
During the 19th century, anatomists largely finalized and systematized the descriptive human anatomy of the previous century.
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Modern Anatomy• Anatomical
research in the past hundred years has taken advantage of technological developments and growing understanding of sciences such as evolutionary and molecular biology to create a thorough understanding of the body's organs and structures.
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Tissue Donation
• People may be less confident that their wishes on what will happen to their body will be carried out, so instead have not donated to medical science when in the past they may have.
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Plastination: Gunter von Hagen