MIL-STD-731 – Quality of Wood Members for

Containers and Pallets

Subject/Scope: This standard covers quality requirements for three classes of wood members

employed in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing within

containers for domestic and overseas shipment..

Keywords: Wood, member, width, group, grain, content, knot, box, joint, weight, mil, container, frame, crate, pallet,

lumber, sheathing, nominal, panel, load, bearing, skid,

Published: 12/9/1959

Text in blue boxes such as this one is instructional and is intended to assist you in understanding the document.

Text in red boxes such as this explains changes made to the document by The Wooden Crates Organization.

Red text has been added to the document or modifies the document since its final version was officially published.

Soft Conversion of Imperial to Metric

Conversions, when made, consider materials that are available in metric or imperial sizes rather than converting

sizes exactly. For example: Panelboard (plywood) in the US is typically 4 feet X 8 feet (1220 x 2440 mm) while

panelboard in metric countries is typically 1200 X 2400 mm. Since the standard was developed based on readily

available materials these variations in material sizes could not have been practically considered.

The content of the document below has not been modified.

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MIL-sm”-7319 ~r 1959

MILITARY STANDARD

QUALITY OF WOOD MEMBERS FOR

CONTAINERS AND PALLETS

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4 ~~ M41-sm-7w9 Dealmh 19s9

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ARMED FORCES SUPPLY SUPPORT CENTER

WASHINGTON 25, D. C;

SOPPly and Logietiee

WiwDd78~_ for Centainere and Prdkda2Felirmry1960

1. !l’hie etanderd he been approved by the Department of Defeneeand ie mandatory for me by the Depalmenta of the Amw, the Navy, andthe Air Force, dative 9 Deader 1959.

S.heccordanww ithestablishdpm cdnrqthe capaof EngineErE!tie Bureau of SUppliea and AccQon@ and the Wright Air Development

Centar have tkaendesignated en ArmY-NavY-Air Fo?c@ ~ for We

8.~ eorredone,additi~ordeletioneehouldbeeddres-aedtotheStmdmim“ tienDivieiea,Armed Forces Supply Support Center,

Weabi@on SS, D. C.

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MIL-STD-7319 Decembw 19s9

FOREWORD

Tide doemnent bae been prepnred to eetnblish quality etandnrde for

three clmeea of wood memhem of cnnhinen+ ond pnllets.It ie intended

tbatitwill beomdee amntertolrefemnce inconkiner andpnlletspecitl-atlone. ‘lhe Mended use in further described in 10.1 ond tableeiII end IV.

Eeeh mod member contoine a eombhotion of chamcterikira whichel?eete the perfommnce of the container or pellet in which it ie used. ‘l%erequkmmte for claeeee,herein specified,beve been establishedae these

~a em mloted to the functionalapplirotionof the membem

in containerend palleteaietroctionand to the servicewhich the mntainer

Or@Mak~eduPon@Perfo~

* other epedic requimmenta or limitations pediar to a portimlaramteher or pallet eonkructkm or ose, enrh ae prohibiting knotholes orloom kneta to provide etftprwfn~ limitation to emiain wood groupsor epeda and the sektlon of applicablecloseesfor specificmembem or

types of containenIor pell~ e.ballbe the rmponeibilityof the mntainer

er@letepeCi&stion c@odlnn or of the requisitioningogena.

~ gim-spmDOambw 19s9

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. . ●CONTENTS

- Pa#e

1.

1.1

1.2

2.

3.

Xl

32

3.31

3.4

3.5

3.6

4.

4.1

4.2

4.s

5.

5.1

5.”

5.2

5.4

5.5

6.

6.1

10.

10.1

102

10.s

ISCOPE .............................................................................................-1

SCOPE .......................................................................................... 1

Qualityclassification ................................................................ ..- 1

REFERENCED” DOCUMENTS ................................................... 2

DEFINITIONS ............................................................................... S

Wood member ............................................ ... ........... ...... .. ..._ .8

Boxee ............................................... ...............................e" . . . ....- ‘8

Crates ................................................................................. .... ...." 8

Pallets ..J.......................................................................................... . 4

Defects ...........................................................................................- 4

Grain .............................................................." ..............................- 5

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 6

Speeiesof wood .............................. .... .... .. ....... ........."...._ 6

Surfacing ........................................................................ .. ..... ... . 6

Inspection procedures ............................."........................"...."..6

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ......................................-._...””..7

Dimensionallimitations .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ... . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . ...". 7

Moisture content ....................................... .................................... 7

Defeeta ........................................................................................... 8

Croaa grain .................................................. .........................."...._ 8

Builtiup sheathing members ...................--". .. .. ....................... 9

QUALITY CONTROL .................................. ........ ..... ....... .... ..... 10

Quality control test of membere buift up of edg~joinedpieces .......................................... .......".. " .........." ...."".. "..."" 10

APPENDIX ......................................................................"......-11

Intendeduee”...................................................".....Q...._ 11

wood groupe .............................................. ....... .." .. ....- 11

Meaeuring andcalculatingthecombmedelopeofcrmN ................................................ ...- 11

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M&sl’D-7al9Duuldn?l*

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Knot rhstfm and tondem kl!Ot6. ................. 14.

Croeagrain................................”........—— M

Setupfortestingqualityofedgejoints....... 16

Scribesfor determining direction of the tlkc. on Uieearfaca of wood .................... ..”.....- 17

TABUS

Table I.

TabfaII.

TableIII.

RetaUonof nominal to minimum allowable dimensionsof softwoodlumber.....................

Claauaof wood membem for contaimm and palle~

Wood member ctaws for component perta af contaio-ere and pelkta for mutliple handling and e.htpment(Inrhdinx tnd etermkmte rdorwm and woridwide diE-Gibutioni..............”..”. ........ .... . 18

TableIV. Woodmemtmr dames for component p&a of cnntmhmrsand palkta for domratic shipment and etomge ond

M of contentd at M destination la

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L SCOPE

Llscopa.n lhstandardw vemquouty clMal — WnutWEd(hiJTNY~m@rementafortbreecli4m?sofwood membem).memhm employed la tba UmtndOn of~cnka~mdblocklnshndk cllI.9a2— Stalletul’al (laembcm withIIW with amtdnara for dOlM3tiC and OVer- moderab Iltrem).m shiplnmlt

Class8— Nondructnml(meanbemI.SQuaStyehsldklttorl: OrdiMmy Um&8sed).

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-g&_j,,9 09c41nbor 1959

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2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

FederalSpeddcationMMM-A-lSS — LumberandAlliedProducb.Adhesive;Urediesii-Type(liquid (Departmentof the Army Thf 716S500-1).“and Powder) . (Capienofthisdocumentmay ITO.btakmdfromthe

huutaly Kandb@ MIL-EDBK-7 —Superintendentof Damn-% U. S-Gmumoomtfitingomen.wadinntan26.D.C)

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Al Wood member. A aide did,

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( Mn-m7319 Duembaf 19s9

DEFINmONS “ :

wood

-want of a box cratePnlkk or blin-king, or a component builtup accordingtothePrOViaiO?Mtn6-6.

8.s Boxes

au Ck5ts.

82.LI Natted wood box dada are mem-beaa that refnforca and tie together theboardetn theenda ofaehmk orbax andprovide improved nailtng.

82.12 “Wirabeand box cleak are *mem-berethatfannthef ramework to which foc.aboarde of the top, tmttom and .ddee arestapled.

tLS.1.S Cleated-panel box cknta are mem-ban that form a ratnfordng framewer k forddttiOMd atrar@b and atacktng rasiakmm.T%ey &w provide aurfocim for panel and

box aaderoblynantng.

822 Boffueu

8.2.%1 Nafled wood box battene are raln-fardng mEmbere addad either to the ineldeoroutaide aftop&~afda andendeofaabook or boxtomdrmet heuneoppertedepanaftbebearde.

&2.Z.2Wfraboand box battene are mem-baretowhtch aodfaca baardnarefaatmedaadareattacbed totbeootafde faceaef theend fetnlmarda.

SSd BosakMaa mmmnbenattar.hed toaebottuma ufboxedwbtcbaerwtolmpportdie lad to provtde for forklfft handling,amethed ndaca the ootaide bottom ba~~aad~belengftndtnalor~

u Cntes

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S.S.1 Frame membem are thoee partewhich form the fundamental structure upon:which the strength and rigidity of cratidepend.

3.S.2 Longitudinal frame membe arehortr.ontal members of the side, end, and* wek

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S.S.2 Diagonals are frame membere placedat onglee of nearly 45° to other frame mam-bare and nerve ae bracee to insure rtgidi~in the crate.

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SdA Struts are vertical freme member&placed between the upper and lower framememtmn of tha aide and end panel& andeerve ae columne for aripporting verticat-g Ioade.

X%5 Skide are horimnkl membem a~toehad to the bottmn of the crate whichserve to eupport the load. Outsfde ekide alaoeerve ae faatening membare for the aidepanela.

S.8.6 Headerearetraneveree membare ateach end of a. ekid-&pe bane which aarw tohold the baee together oa a uni~ to tranaferlode to the akfde, and to provide a fdeningmemberfor end panda.

8.9.7 LOad-beartng l%orboarde are trana-veree membem of baaes which provide. ameane for anchoring and tranufexing badeevenly totbaekida.

8.S.S Sib form the framawork of all-typebaeea,any and tmnafer lode to etdePaneh and aerva ae faatentng member&

8.S.9 Bridgingemudstaofmambere thatera hearted at right onglae to aille or jofetato pravant Lateral turning or burkling.

9.S.10 Rubbtngatrfpe”are Iongitodlnel

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.Mil-31w7319 Dacarnber 19s9

membersnailedtotheundersideofekidsorsifibasestoprovideforsling and forklifttruck handiing.

S3.11 Joieteare members extending across

the crate underneath the top to support and

transfer vertical stacking loads to the, side....,.panels. . . .

.8.2.12 Joist supports are members thatserve to support the joists and transfer~ Ida to the side paneie.. .

8.2.1S Lumber sheathing consists of hoardsnailed to fmme memhem to enclose thecrate.

2A Paiiet.e. PeIkteeramaterie.ia-handiingpiatformaconstatingof one or two facesSeparated or euprated by stmctumi mem-bers that provide cieerance for siinge andthe forira of iift trucks.

9.4.1 Deck hoamia make up the faces ofapaiiet andtkereferred to aa top orho~tomdeckboarde.

3A.2 Stringers are wooden runners towbfch deck baarda are fastened. They serveM ~ to petit entry of the forks oflift tmrlra.

3Ad Poetsare rectangufacor roundblocks employed on some four-way entryand eight-way entry paileta in piaw of~ and serve the same p~ae.

8A.4 Stringer hnarcfa are boards that tiethe bhclca together aod to Whkh the topdeek boardc are fastened fn a four-wayblock-&pe pallet ,

—3.s Defect& Defects am any irmguiaritiee

or imperfection OmmTingtnormc woodthatmey ioweriteetmgth.

M.1 Kaota am cross sections of br&chesvisible ‘imthe surface of a piece of wood.

3.5.2 Sdund knots are solid across theirfaces, are At least as hard eathe surroundingwood, and show no indication of decay.

3.53 Loose knota because of growth con-ditions or moisture changw are separatedfromthesurroundingwood rind cannot berelied upon to remain in place.

3.5.4 Enotholee are holes in wood fromwh]ch knots have f afien.

S.5.5 Hnot eiuateraarethreeor moreimotain very close proximity to each other,the fibers of the wrmd being deiiacted aroundthe entire unit. They are aeparatad by a dis-tance no greater than thair average width,tlgore 1. A gIvupofsingle knots is not aknot cluster.

3.5.6Tandem knotsarethreeor‘moreknotscioaetoeachotherandon linesap-proximatelypamileltotheedgeeofa imerd,figure1.When knote are in tandem or ●partiaily so, as in figure 1, the measurementII shall be used instead of the sum of the in-dividual widtha.

S.5.7 Decsy is disinte~tion of wood dueto action of fungi

8.S.8 Stain and dismloration am oftencaused by fungi, but normal color varia-tions in heaithy wood are often confusedwith decay. Heavy fungus atofn ie uauailyan indication of incipient decay. Other die-Colorations not aeaociated with decay arechemical atnhcs occurring during Seamning ;oxidation tif the aurfacee of some woods:purplish atein from contact with fmn;mineral stain; and the stahrs of oils, aol-vente, and some glues.

3.&9 CIW&, splits, and shakes are length-wise grain separations ofthewood.

3.5.9.1 Checks usually resultfromatma8eeeetup during seasoning. Through checks &-

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tendthmnxb tbefull thiclm=eoftbemem-hbm. -

25.9.2 Splite extend through the fullthfclmese of the membere and often take aradial direction.

S59.S shakesare eeparotfone betweenrfngeof anmmlatbntextandtbrmwhb full thickneen of the members. .

S.S.lOWane feborkor lnckofwoodfmmanycouee ontheedge or cornerof apieceof wood.

ll.smwerp ldanydetoruon ln ammo-k from plane eurface. Warp Iocludee bow,croolG cop, and w or any canbination.

Lld.111 Bow In the dfatortlon in a mem-bertbat deviatee fromapleneenrfeceJen8tbwfae butnotaaoae itefece.1’heamomltnf bowistbe greatOetdiatlmm oftheenrface oftbememherfmm the plene-

tl.S.112 Crook fe the dietortlon fn a mem-ber that deviatee edgadae fmm a atrafghtline fromend toend.1’hemnountof creekietbegmateat dfatance ofedge oftbe piecefro+illla

M.Ilk cup Ie the dletartton in a memberthat de4iotee ~ from a plane eurface

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MtL-sTD-7al9DeambeY19s9

ecmaeita width. 1’beanmuntnf cupk. the

greatestdietanceof *e eurface of tbe mem-

ber fmm tbe plane

2S.11.4 Twiet in tbe distortion in a romo-

hercmeedbyt hetumingofits edgea nothat tbe four cornere of enY face am nolonger in tbe name plane. The amount oftsvietfe tbediataom tbeeodofenedgq femleed above a borirmtal flat surface whenLwthedgeeam reafingmngly attheoppcdeend.

26.1 Cresgrah fenotpemllel with thebllgkudinalarieoftbepiq5gure2 Ii

maYbeeftber d&onaloraPirol grd.n oracombination of the *O.

S.6.2 Di&enal ~ fe a mnditfon WkM4heannual rtngsam atanongla with thelongitudinal de of the piece ee a rednh ofanwing at on angle other than pamllal withthehark oftietre&flgum2.

8.6SSpiral graintea&peofgrowtbinwhich the flbem tie a epiral mime aboutthe boleofa treeinataad oftbenomdvertknlmum+llgom2

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MnATD-7sl0“ 9 December.1959

4. GENERAL REQUIREiiN’1’S

4.1 Spedraof word. The speciesof woodwhfch may be owd for wood memhere ofctmtainere or pnlleta are claeeiied in groupsU -d herein. When it fe Stipllhltd thatmemhere ehrdl be of a particular Wwd group,thesJreckew ftbin*g roupmayben&edtogetheroroeedin tmhmgeably. men S

mm .orepecieais not rmedfid, w srouPmw he U@ at tbe option of thecontractorand the epecfea ‘tithin that group ueed inter-~bly. ~rs of the WOOd

SI’OU~.are deerii in the appendix (102):

... .:. G?OnpI ,. .!!

AA (popple) ?degnousBn&kiOd Pins (exeeptKMthmBuckeye ‘:!.~“ yellowptm)

$..RedWuMl8Pmm

cOumlwOOd wnlmr-Cyprun Yeuow’-pophFir (tree th)

GOupn

DmIslns-9r .TanuraeiEnnlak westernlerrhsouthernrelh ptm

Group 111

Ash (exce@whitaesb) Sweetgmn

softelm syc.ernOre

softmaple Tupelo

t7r’OupIv

Beech oakBirch Pecen

Eackberry Sakelln

Eard maple white d

Hickory

4.2 %u-facing. Rough lumber ehtdl be per-mitted for haeee of all crab and for fram-fng of eheathed make. At least one eorfacaOfallother woodmembere ehnllbeeutfi-ciently smooth (surfed or smooth erbwn)ta permit legible marking.

4.9 Impection proeedurea Inspection proee-durea ehall be conducted in accordance withthe requirements tn the epeci5cation r&er-eneillg thie etandnrd.

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hub31D-7319 Deamber 19s9

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

(when thisstandard larefermmd.lb followingdetailed mlnh’emmta shall ~CIP!yurdm the 6PCCi-llcauan referencing tbh smldard - O*ar-wlm.)

ti.1 Dtmemdonol Umitnfioms. where nom-inal dr,aw am specifted, the mtnimum eiaee~in tehle 1 ehall govern. when sti of woodmemhere other then tinted em epecilled, or-CMtOOd underair.ainthtclmeseeaendwidthe,duetomtemenufactura,ahollhepermttedinnot mom than 10 pement of the pieces. How-wer, theeeperte ehalthe nottinner than7h

of the reQuired thicknese end no part. ehallbennrrower than% inchleeethnu thereudredwidth .lfwoodmamham for nailedWeedhexes $?jinch ermoretnthickneee aresurfaced en both eidee (to IIretect the con-tente), the thtcknese may he %, inch leeethao required.

TAu LRWOUOlm mnidtO”kimY&I~~~OJ mftuwcd tumbc? B

— W&b(-—) I (hrsu—)

drY@ method (52.82).

52.1 Mei8ture content in wntuiner mmnbarn. Wood memhem in cnntiere ehell havea moieture content at time of fabrication not

greater than19perr.em~ norleae than 12

percent of thetr ovendry wdght

5.22 Moiuture eentat in efandord pefktt

members. &OU~ 1,II,and 111 WOOd mem-

here in palletsehallheve a moieturecantentat time of fahricetlon net greeter then MIPemen&nor keethan12pementef theirovendry weight. Group IV wood memhentn pelleb ehall have a meieture content notgreater than 22 percent W)len thtckomaeeem nominal 1 inch or 1- end 26 ~twhen thfcknessee ore over nomtnrd 1 fnch.

.5a iwdwde of d.etemininp moistumcontent.

6.23.1 “dfeieture metem. Metere “meaeor-ing moIeture contente ranging en hfgh en SO~talmll beuaedto detematnemetstnrecontent of group IV petletmembem.Materemeeeurtngmoteturecontenteenhighae2S~t.elmll haueedforatlotherweed&nbere.Inthe7t02S percentmeieture-cententrange,meteraccuracywhenproper.Iyralihmted ehaUhewttMn lpemen\eithe.r

w. of true moisture content. When eler-trbtype moieture metem ore ueed on reugh-eownwoed mem~ they shall Lmef the*eietence type. when electric-type meieturemetereere ue@eneurfecedwOOd~they may be either the reeietnnce typq rape-ctty type, or the redio frequency ~ lonetype. Reodinge on the reeieten*tvP8 moir&ure meter .4mtl he mode onty when the pinehove penetrated to a depth of on-fourth ofthe thickneee of the men&r.

522.2 Ovendv”ng method. A emeIl emo-

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ML-SD-731.9 Duember 1959

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pie, preferably not lea then 1 ouncq ehaU inan ovenmaintabmdat 212° to 221°F.be cut from the piece to be teeted. It ehafl (100° to 106”C.) until constant weight isbe weighed immediately on a scale that ie attained. Thie ehall b the ovendry weight.ararateto ~oflpercenkl’hie ehalllmthe The percent moieture content ehall be com-

orisimd weight. Tbe eample shall be dried puted by the following formula:

(Original weight) — (ovendry weight).(ovendry weight)

X 100 eq~ percent moieb,ie content,—....—

53 Defeck - cable container epeefilration.

. 5.6.1 General. Wood membare droll be eoeelected.and cut that allowable defects orimperfection will not occur in poeitione thatwould interfere with the prescribed fabric&tion or oeeembly of the mntimer or pallet(me 8.4 for dednitione of defects).

5.82 Decau. Any form of Wlble decayehall not ~ permitted except in knots. S&and discoloration not oeeociated with decaywiU be acceptable exeept that dieccdorationthat interfer- with marking on the outsideof the container will not be permitted. Decaycan ueually be detected and differentiatedfrom barmleee etaii and dietiloration byueeofthe picktea~l%e pickteet ie per-formed with a knife or cideel by lifting upcome of the grain or flbere in .mepiciouelooking areae. If the material ie eofter, morepunky, or more braeh (breake withoutsplintering) than healthy wood of the camesrwies, it ie probably deceyed. Suepiciouearaae ueually are abnormally brown, bh?ach-ed looking, or moffled and indicated by theabeence of lueter that ie present in nornmlWocd.

5.%S Throagh checke, eplit+ and ddes.Through rhecka, eplita, and ehakee that arelonger than the width of the member willnot be permftted. Seaming checke that donot extend through the full thickneee of themerabem. are permftted. For come contain.am the limi~tione on check!, eplita, &dehakeemey bemoreliberaL eepeciellytf re-paired in an approved manner, buc theserequirement shall be 60 etated in the appli-

5.%4 Wane. Wane ehall be permitted onone edge only and eball be restricted to tbeIimite shown in table II. .

5.3.5 $Va~. The bow in a member eballnot exceed ~ inch per fmt of length. Thecrook in a member shell not exceed MCinchper foot of length. The cup in a memberehell not exceed % inch in en, &ind,width,~ inch in a 4-inch width, or a like propor-tion in other widthe. The twiet in a memberehall not exceed VAinch per feat of length inan 6-iich width, ~ inch per foot of lengthin a 4in~ width, or a like proportion inOther width.

S.3.6 Kioti. Sound knots, loose knots,knotholes, knot elue~ and knots contain-ing decay ehell be meaeured and restrictedos speeitied for Imote. The width of knotsshall be meaeumd aeroee the width of thewood member, perpendicular to the lengthof the piece, figure 1. Knots ehall be limitedill width in acmrdanee with table II.Thesum of the widthe of the knote within alength equal to the width ofthewoodmem-berinwhichtheyoccureballnot exceed themaximum allowable width of a eingle knotfor that pieee.

5.4 Croa9 groin. The slope of the crose*, resulting either from diagonal cow-ing or from twieted or epiral grain in thelog or both, eball be limited in accordancewith table II. Slope of croee grain ehell bemeaeured by the angle between the generaldirrdon of the grein end the longitudinal ●

a

axieof tbe wood member and shrill be ex-FIreseed ae a ratio. Slightlocaldeviation ofgrdo direction eball be dieregorded. Whena wood member containe botb diagonol andepirel grain, 5gure 2, the combined dmnng-ing ef7ect shall be taken into account (see10.S for meaeuriog and calculating tie com-bined elope).

5.5 BnllLup eheatblog members Members

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MIL4T9-7319 DerOmber 1959

to be uiad for eheathingofsides,~& topsor bottomsof boxee or of crate,emay bebuilt up by joining pieces together at tbek

edgee by the following methede: (1) Lie.derman joint and glu~ (2) butt joint andglue, and (S) tongue and groove joint andglue. The glue ueed ehall be urea-resin gluewoforming to Specilhtien MMM-A-lSS.To be acceptable, tbe joSnta ebe,ll be eam-pkd end eball ~ the&t described in 6.1.

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Mn-31D-731,9 Der9mber 19S9

6. QUALITY CONTROL

&1 Qnality control teat of members bniltUP of edge-jofned pierea Fifteen samplesshall be cot at random from each lot ofbuiitmp members (sU members cut for onetype and order of container sbeii be con-sidered a lot). The samples @ii be 2 inch=*~dnehwdde (parsiiel to the grain &-raetbm) by a length (perpendicular to thesr& direetton) eqnsl to the width of tbemember. Arty sample that contains a visibleepii~ ebak% pitch pocket or ** acrosstbeentirewidtb ehaiibediernrded sndanewsample abaii be rheeen to replse-e it. Samplesshail be picked so that the joint to be testedis tit lesst 2% hh= frem the SdgS of thebeard. The 16 chosen SSIOpk%l.shaii be testedse cantilever beams se shown in ilgure 8.The len@b of the eemple shall be piacedPSrPSndic* to the top edge of the vies.The size of the block end the position of theelestsbail beeeiected eotbsttbe lever isparsIiei to the sample. The lever sbsli be atleast SO incbea long. The esmple ebsil bepositioned vertiesily so that the joint is0.4 times the clear eparh L, above the toPfeceoftbe vkAeiew, evenpulisbsii beappiied totbetop oftbeleverrmtil tlw

●

eaniple fsile in bending. The position of thebreaicwith respert totbejointsbsii be~corded. Any break tbst is whoiiy or psrtialiyat the joint ebrdl be recorded as joint fsit-ure. In order for the lot of members to passthis *L at least 12 of the samples ebsiifsii in the wood and beiow the joint.

(@piss of speci5rations, standard% dr.wingr, sndpublicationsreqnirsdby com .wtors in mnnecticnwith specificp—ent funrtionamboaldbe ob-tainedfrom thepromring agsncyor ed dirertedbythecontractingdcrr.)

(Capiesof this standard for mili~ use may beobtr.ined as indicated in tbe foreword to tbe Indaxof Military Spaiflcations and Stsnd8ni~)

(Cqies of this Bbndard maybe obtained for othertba.u mlicinl use by iidividnals, dnm, fmd con-

tora from tbe Supsr:ntsndentof DO@mlUl& u. s.GOv— t printing05ce, Waabinstan2S.D. C)

PreparingUuvfty:Army-catlm rd Enrhleers

Cmtdisns:Army-(hm of Fhcinerr#Nmy—Wran of .%mulia d Acwmt#Air Fores

●10

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10. APPENDIX@

Mli.-SlD-73l9 D2ccmbar 19S9

(ThezmterialinUIISappendix is not e msn-&cory * Of this ZtUMk’d.)

10.1IntendedW. Woodmembem coveredby thfe tidard am for boxae, cmtea, pal-leta, and blocking and b- ~thin COU-tofn~ omording to the recommended win tablee III end IV. The quaiity ie de5edwith reepect to maximum permMble de-facte or imperfectfone for the intended aaeand mnaequentiy doee not mincide with theqoaiity etandarde of mmmemiai lumber.Tbam am bowever, grades of ouch lumber,from wbfcb pieced conforming to the re-quimmenta of thie e.peciflcation, may bemonomicaiiy met When iumber ie to beprocured by the Government for mntoineror pailet rrmnufootum, reference e.hould bemode to the recommendetione in eection 11 ofkliiitmy Handbook MIL-HDBK-7. ‘~um-ber and Aiifed Pmducte.” The *129 in thateaction recommend the lowest suitable gredzdfor tbfe purpose.

102wood grempl%

102.1Group I enrbracee the eoftar woodsof both the cenifereue end the bmad-leevedepecfm. These woade cue relatively free fmmCPiitting in naiiing, hove medemte nafl-hold-Ircgpowar,meckrat aatmngth=ab?nmand moderate ehockumiating capacity. Theyare COft iight fn weigh% may to work boid

their ahapa wall oft= manufacture, and w

amammaytodry.

102.3Group II cenahta of theheavierconfferone woode and inciudce no hardwoodepecfee. These woode uauaiiy have a pm.nonnced controat tn the bardnem of theepringwocd and the emnmcrwd. TheY havegreater aeii-hoiding power thao the group 1wood% bot are more Incihmd to apiit end thehard mcmmenv md bade omnafanaiiy deflecttinaiband caoaetbem tirun outat theaide of the piece

1029 Group III consiete of hardwmde ofmedium density. No mnifemus speciee areincluded. These woods have about the eacne .naiiholding power and strength oe a beem eethe group II woods, but am he inclined toeplit and shetter under impacts. Group 111speciee ore the meet useful woode for boxends and cleek. They aim furnfeh mmt ofthe mtary<ut veneer for wirebound endpiywoad boxee.

102.4 Group IV woods em hardwoodepeciea. They have both the gmetmt ehock-reeieting capacity and the ~teet naii-holding power, but bemuse of their extremehardaeen, they pmeent diiliculties with re-epect ta the driving of naiie and afeo hevethe greatmt tendency to split at the naiie.l’icey am the heavieet and hardeet domeeticwmde endaredirnculttowork.TheY oreespeciallyusefuIwherehighnnii-hoidingpowerierequiredendmany ofthemmnkeexceifentmtaqv-cutveneerforwireboundandptyWOOdbnxea.

10.3Meaauringend calmtetlng the combi-ned slope of cmse gmfn. A mnvenient metli-ad of mmeuring elope of cm9e groin ie byuehrg a eimrply pointed steei ecrii Figu~ 4iiluetratee four ecribee thnt em eotiafe@rYfor thfe purpeee. The scribe. eheui$+m ~wnin the direction in whi

-Y:’run: enough preeeure muetthat the pint wiil penetrate the wood &hblY: end enough freedom of Ieteml /move-ment must be eiiowed to permit the point tofollow the grain. The combined damagingeffect of eiope of cmee grein ma be mmputedby mmbining the appemnt slope of groinon two adjacent fomz of a member. Wheneach of the S1OPZZare expreeeed oe a ratioto 1, i.e., 1 in 18 and 1 in 12, the mmbinedefope ie the square root of the sum of theequnree of the two slopm (combined elope =

v (%n)~ + (%z)~ = 0.0100 or 1 in 10).

11

.’

MU-SO-7319.~. 1959

Tm~ 111. Wood member ctaaaeafor component partn of contnimn and pclletn for rmdtiph hmd& .nd●himmnt (indudin.a inddmntinate atorrwe and worldwide &trib.tion)

cleilted-P9nclb . . .

W:rebmmd Z . . . . . .

Fiberhmrd-lined boxes .

Tripkdl boxes . . . . . .

Sheathed entes .......

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Lightduty C_teS .....

Pallet! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black@ mnd b-within contiaen . . . .

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cleats

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l.nad+csring floor.boards

ToP joists

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Skidu

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Ends

Ends

Sheathing and nOrdmd-besring .flmrbouda

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IiyotADoNOT RICflVE A REPLYWTHW 45 oAy$ co”lAcr:OefenJt Quzllry md $tandudlutlon Offia

Naval m~ L?atblion QrmA?.r S203Lee$bwgPike. Suite 1403. Fall} CIWEJI,VA 22Qdt.~a&6

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