Midterm Review

• What invention made the discovery of cells possible, therefore, greatly contributing to the cell theory

• Light Microscope

• Who invented the compound microscope and looked at pond water?

• Anton Leeuwenhoek

• Who coined the term “cell”?

• Robert Hooke

• What was Rudolph Virchow’s contribution to the cell theory?

• Cell come from pre-existing cells

• Who discovered that animals were made of cells?

• Theodor Schwann

• Who discovered that plants were made of cells?

• Matthias Schlieden

• What are the 3 parts to the cell theory? 3pts

• 1. All living things are made of cells• 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function of living things.• 3. Cells only come from preexisting cells.

• The following describes what type of cell:– have no organelles, always unicellular. Ex-bacteria

• Prokaryotic

• The following describes what type of cell: – Have organelles including a nucleus to store

genetic info., much larger than prokaryotes, unicellular & multicellular. Ex- all cells, but bacteria

• Eukaryotic

• Name 2 organelles that plant cells have that animal cells do not.

• Chloroplasts• Cell wall

• Name 2 functions of the cell membrane.

• Maintain homeostasis• Controls what enters and exits the cell• Support • recognize foreign antigens (germs).

• What organic molecules make up cell membranes?

• Phospholipids• proteins

• What gives plasma membranes strength?

• Cholesterol

• True or False:

• Polar head attracts water and nonpolar tails repel water.

• True

• True or False:

• Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

• False

• True or False:

• Facilitated diffusion is a form of active transport

• False

• Endocytosis, exocytosis, and “pump” proteins are all examples of what kind of transport?

• active

• Cells communicate using this kind of protein.

• Receptor

• What would a cell do in the following environments:

• Hypertonic• Hypotonic• Isotonic

• Lysosomes to a body system.

• Digestive system

• What are cilia and flagella used for?

• Movement

What does this measure?

• Mass

• What is the metric unit for length?

• meter

• An explanation for a broad range of observations, facts, and tested hypotheses is called a________________.

• Theory

• What is the term for a statement of fact meant to describe, in concise terms, an action? It is generally accepted to be true and universal.

• Law

• Name 3 characteristics of life. 3pts

• Metabolism• Homeostasis• Growth and reproduction• Evolution

• Give an example of an abiotic factor and a biotic. 2pts

• Abiotic: rock, water, pH• Biotic: deer, humans, grass

• What is the climax community in Virginia?

• Hardwood forest (hickory and oak)

• What is an example of a pioneer species?

• Lichen (moss)

• What biome do we live in?

• Temperate forest

• Give an example of the following: pts

• Heterotroph• Autotroph

• If rain seeps into the soil deeply enough it will become ______________.

• Ground water

• What geochemical process release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and oceans?

• Volcanoes

• What organism drives the nitrogen cycle?

• Bacteria

• What type of succession would happen after a Volcanoe?

• Primary

• What type of succession would happen after a fallen tree?

• Secondary

• What is carrying capacity?

• The largest number of individuals of a population that an ecosystem can support.

• The symbiotic relationship between a bee and a flower is called what?

• Mutualism

• What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected?

• Commensalism

• What is a catalyst?

• And enzyme that speeds up a reaction

• How do enzymes speed up reactions?

• By lowering the activation energy

• 1. The enzyme binds to a reactant in a chemical reaction called the ______________.

• 2. The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the ______________.

• Substrate, active site

• What is the name of the model in the last question?

• Lock and key

• Name the 4 macromolecules.

• Protein, lipid, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

• Give an example of a nucleic acid.

• DNA, RNA

• What is the monomer of lipids

• Fatty acids and glycerol

• Is water polar or nonpolar

• polar

• What is it called when water molecules stick to other water molecules?

• Cohesion

• Why is it important that ice floats on water?

• It prevents lakes and ocean from freezing solid.

• Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both —

• store energy

• Write out the entire reaction for photosynthesis.

• 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

• Write out the entire reaction for cellular respiration.

• C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

• What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?

• Chloroplast

• What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?

• Mitochondria

• What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?

• Light independent reactions • Light dependent reactions

• What are the 3 steps in Cellular Respiration?

• Glycolysis• Krebs cycle• Electron transport chain

• What happens in glycolysis? And where does it occur? (2pts)

• glucose is broken down to a smaller molecule called pyruvic acid (in cytoplasm)

• How many ATP does Cellular Respiration produce?

• 34-38

• The passing of electrons along a series of molecules, releasing energy as they go, is known as a(n) --

• Electron transport chain

• How many ATP does fermentation produce?

• 2