Midterm Jeopardy
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Midterm Jeopardy
Name the Ancient Civilizations in chronological order.Aegean, Egyptian, Etruscan, Greek, Meso, Roman
1. Mesopotamian 3500bc-642ad 2. Egyptian 3000bc-30bc3. Aegean 3000bc-1200bc4. Greek 900bc-31bc5. Etruscan 900bc-89bc6. Roman 753bc-330bc
http://www.timelines.info/history/empires_and_civilizations/ancient_civilisations/
Name 5 characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution:
1. Taking control of environment.2. Development of human technology, 3. The rise of farming, "Neolithic Revolution"4. Use of wild and domestic crops and the use
of domesticated animals.5. Originated government, law, formal religion,
writing, weaving, metal work and pottery
Name 5 inventions from the Sumerians:
1. Wheel2. Mathematical system3. Irrigation4. Cuneiform5. Bronze Metal tools
Name the top 6 Mesopotamian civilizations
1. Sumerians2. Akkadians3. Babylonians4. Hittites5. Assyrians6. Persians
The first use of registers.
• Warka Vase• 3200–3000 BCE.
Alabaster, 3’ 1/4" high• Votive Offering
The waiting room of a ziggurat.
• Cella• What asphaltlike substancethe mud-brick
covered with to make it last?• Bitumen
Title, Material, Style
• Head of an Akkadian ruler,• from Nineveh, Iraq
ca. 2250-2200 B.C.• COPPER, 1' 2 3/8" HIGH• AKA Sargon of Akkad
Title, Date, Symbolism
• next
Title, Material, Civilization, Significance
• Stele with law code of Hammurabi• Basalt 7’ 4”• Babylonian• Hammurabi is portrayed receiving the laws
directly from Shamash the sun god. • (a parallel to Moses)
These two posts guard this.
• Lion’s Gate • Citadel
This composite creature guards this.
• Lamassu• Guarding the gate to • Sargon II palace
Hunting reliefs from this civilization
• Assyrian
Apadana.
• Royal audience hall of this.• Persepolis
List the 7 periods of the Greek civilization.
• Geometric (900-700 BC) • Orientalizing (700-600 BC)• Archaic (600-480 BC)• Early Classical aka Severe (480-450 BC)• High Classical (450-400 BC)• Late Classical (400-323 BC)• Hellenistic (323-31 BC)
Place in Chronological order
• Peloponnesian War • Roman Conquest of Greece • Persian War• Sack of Acropolis by Persians• First Olympic GamesBattle of Issus • Alexander the Great• Attalos III wills Pergamence Kingdom to Rome
First Olympic GamesPersian WarSack of Acropolis by PersiansPeloponnesian War Battle of Issus Alexander the GreatRoman Conquest of Greece Attalos III wills Pergamence Kingdom to Rome
Inventors of black figure painting
• Corinthians
After the fall of the Mycenans was the Dark Ages of Greece
• Name this sculpture.• Mantiklos Apollo
Greek Male Nude
• Kouros 6’1/2”• Similar to this Egyptian sculpture.• Mentuemhet
Title
• Temple of Hera I “Basilica”Paestrum
• What makes it Archaic?• Central row of columns
Name this Mortuary Presinct.
• Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut (with the Middle Kingdom mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II at left) Deir el-Bahri, EgyptDynasty XVIII ca. 1473-1458 BCE
Title, give civilizations of which artist derived inspiration.
• Minoan• Assyrian
Title & Significance • War & Peace of the Standard of
Ur, Royal Cemetery, Ur, Iraqca. 2600 BCE. Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestoneapprox. 8" x 1’ 7".
The spoils of war as well as farming and trade brought considerable wealth to some of the city-states of ancient Sumer.
Rectangular box with sloping sides of unknown function.
Possibly Military Standard Hierarchal scale
Describe the Heraldic Composition
• Composition A composition that is symmetrical on either side of a central figure
Title & Significance • Soundbox of the lyre,
Royal Cemetery, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2600 BCE. Wood with inlaid gold, lapis lazuli,
and shell, approx. 1’ 7" high
• The top of the sound board is said to that of Gilgamesh as hero fighting off animals.
• Heraldic Composition A composition that is symmetrical on either side of a central figure
Temple Name?
• West Pediment Temple of Artemis, Corfu• Heraldic Composition
Medusa pinwheel central figurePegasus at her rightOrientalizing panthers
• Lack of Narrative UnityScale diversity
Temple Name & 2 important features• Siphnian Treasury
Delphi, Greece• Gigantomachy: the symbolic struggle between the cosmic order of the
Olympians led by Zeus and the nether forces of Chaos led by the giant Alcyoneu
• Caryatids
What part of Formal Analysis is shown here?
Documentary
Age :Physical, Stylistic or Documentary Evidence
Subject Mater/ContextReligious, Mythological, Landscape, Genre, Gender, Still Life
What part of Formal Analysis is shown here?
FunctionCommemorate, Propaganda, Expression, Wealth
And here???
Master of Black Figure.
• Exekias• Achilles & Ajax playing dice game
Widely exported and copiedWords written out of their mouths
Name, period
• Calf BearerDedicated by (inscribed) RhonbosOn the AcropolisMoschophoros (Calf Bearer)Bold Xmore rounded features the
• Kouros• 1st Archaic Smile
Bilingual-red & black figure painting on same amphoraNew technique came around 530 BC
• Andokides PainterSaid to have developed Red-Figure PaintingAchillies& Ajax
The Severe style roughly covers the first 50 - 80 years of the early classical period.
What are two significant changes in Greek sculpture?
1. Abandonment of the Archaic smile2. Opening up is mostly due to the
"contrapposto“ pose.
Who is this?
• Kritios BoyAcropolisSculpted by Kritios
Portrays how body actually standsContrapposto – counterbalanceDip in hipHead turns
How does the Etruscan Temple differ from the Greek temple?
Greek Temples Etruscan Temples
Colonnade: Around entire perimeter. Columns only in front.
Steps: Three steps around perimeter. Steps on in front.
Porch: In front of, and behind, the cella. Only in front of the cella.
Podium: Small, consisting of three steps.
Tall, with steps only in front.
Cella: One room. Three rooms.
Pediment: Closed and decorated with sculpture. Open and not decorated.
Sculpture: In pediments, metopes, and frieze. On the roof.
Where & What?
• Tumulus, from Cerveteri, Italy (Etruscan)7th to 2nd centuries B.C.E.
Aka Necropolis
How do Etruscan Sarcophagi differ from Greek? 3 things
• Terracotta vs Marble• Women & Men together• Smiles & hand gestures
Name & Sculptor
• Myron DiskobolosDiscus ThrowerRoman marble copy after bronze original
Name & Artist• Polykleitos
Doryphoros or Spear BearerCanon (name assigned by Polykleitos)Marble copyIdeal Human figure Proportion 1:7
Chiastic – cross balanceLeft arm & right leg flexedright arm & left leg relaxedoppose diagonallydynamic asymmetrical balance
What is the Delian League?• Athenian Acropolis under leadership of Pericles• Reconstruction after Persian sack of the Acropolis 480 BC• Greeks formed alliance from protection against Orient• Delian treasury transferred to Athens from Delos • The Delian League, founded in 478 BC, was an association of
Greek city-states, under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece. The League's modern name derives from its official meeting place, the island of Delos, where congresses were held in the temple and where the treasury stood until, in a symbolic gesture,Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC
Name 4 important architectural structures on the acropolis.
• Parthenon
• Propylaia
• Temple of Athena Nike
• Erechtheion
• Theater of Dionysus
• The Stoa
Who are the architects of the Parthenon? What’s so special about the construction?
• Iktinos & Kallikrates• Peripteral Colonnade
Ideal architectural proportionsx=2y+1, x=larger #, y=smaller #Sylobate & entablature curvedcperistyle columns curve into the entablaturearchitectural contrappostooptical illusionsDoric columns & frieze outsideIonic columns & frieze insideentasis
Why was the Erechtheion build on four different levels? What did they have to accommodate?
• Erechtheion House ancient wooden image of Athena & Panathenaic processions goal
Athena’s olive treePosiden’s trident markRuins of Archaic templeundisturbed ancient sacred siteCaryatids
Ionic orders
Who was the Overseeer of Parthenon’s sculptural decorations?
• Phidias
• Athena Parthenos
Late Classical first female nude. Name & sculptor
• PraxitelesAphrodite of Knidos
• Philoxenos of EretriaBattle of Issus
• Tessera – tiny cut glassDipicts battle between Alexander the Great and the Persian King Darius IIICopy of a panel painting that Philoxenos of Eretia made for Alexander’s successor Cassend
Title & Period?
• Seated Boxerdefeated veteran vs. young athleteupward gazebroken nose and teethInlaid copper blood dripscompare to Riace Warrior
Stoa Of Attalos II, AthensDoric ground level & shaft unfluted
Ionic second story
Athena battling Alkyoneos
Gigantomachy frieze from Altar of Zeus, PergamonAthena grabs the hair of Alkyoneos as Nike flies to crown her.Emotional IntensityViolent movementSwirling draperiesVivid depictions ofdeath and sufferingdeep carving creates shadows
•GnosisStag Hunt from PellaPebble Mosaic
Contour lines & some of interior defined by thin strips of leador terracottaInterior volumes subtle gradations of colorlight & darkSkiagraphia –shadow painting
LysipposAproxymenos(Scaper)More sleander 1:8 vs 1:7 of PolykleitosBegan to break down frontal viewing &encouraged viewer to look at multiple views