Midterm Essay TopicsMidterm Essay Topics

1.1. Presidential DecisionsPresidential Decisions

2.2. Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court Cases

3.3. Constitutional PrinciplesConstitutional Principles

George WashingtonGeorge WashingtonWhiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

Political PartiesPolitical Parties

Farewell Farewell address:Neutralityaddress:Neutrality

Precedents: 2 Precedents: 2 terms, cabinetterms, cabinet

Government will Government will enforce federal enforce federal lawslaws

2 terms 2 terms until until 1940 FDR1940 FDR

Cabinet: “unwritten Cabinet: “unwritten constitution”constitution”

Thomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonLouisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase – doubled size of – doubled size of US, cost $15 US, cost $15 millionmillion

Gained Mississippi Gained Mississippi RiverRiver

Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark expeditionexpedition

Believed in strict Believed in strict interpretationinterpretation

Need “loose” Need “loose” interpretation interpretation

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

James MadisonJames MadisonWar of 1812 – 2War of 1812 – 2ndnd war of war of independenceindependence

Causes: Causes: impressments, impressments, British giving British giving weapons to weapons to Indians, War Hawks Indians, War Hawks calling for takeover calling for takeover of Canadaof Canada

Treaty of Ghent: Treaty of Ghent: ends warends war

No land No land acquisitionsacquisitions

Increase in Increase in nationalismnationalism

War hero to War hero to become president – become president – JacksonJackson

National anthemNational anthem

James MonroeJames MonroeMonroe Doctrine: Monroe Doctrine: no colonization in no colonization in Western Western HemisphereHemisphere

If attempted will be If attempted will be seen as act of warseen as act of war

US will stay out of US will stay out of European affairsEuropean affairs

When Doctrine was When Doctrine was issued, US lacked issued, US lacked military might to military might to enforce – Britain enforce – Britain supported USsupported US

End of the 1800s – End of the 1800s – US able to enforce.US able to enforce.

Andrew JacksonAndrew JacksonIndian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

Pet BanksPet Banks

Spoils systemSpoils system

Kitchen CabinetKitchen Cabinet

Cherokee v. Cherokee v. Georgia (John Georgia (John Marshall)Marshall)

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

Common Man’s Common Man’s PresidentPresident

Use of vetoUse of veto

Schenck v. USSchenck v. US11stst Amendment Amendment Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech –distribute –distribute pamphlets to avoid pamphlets to avoid the draftthe draft

Decision: Speech Decision: Speech restricted during restricted during wartime.wartime.

Impact: “Clear and Impact: “Clear and Present Danger.”Present Danger.”

Engel v. VitaleEngel v. Vitale11stst Amendment – Amendment – Freedom of Freedom of religion. State religion. State regents prayer.regents prayer.

Decision: Public Decision: Public schools cannot schools cannot encourage prayer.encourage prayer.

Impact: Separation Impact: Separation of church and of church and state.state.

Vernonia v. ActonVernonia v. Acton44thth Amendment – Amendment – search and seizure search and seizure – mandatory drug – mandatory drug testing of athletestesting of athletes

Decision: Legalized Decision: Legalized drug testing in drug testing in schoolsschools

Impact: testing Impact: testing athletes randomly athletes randomly for drug use is not for drug use is not an illegal search.an illegal search.

N.J. v. TLON.J. v. TLO44thth Amendment – Amendment – search and seizure. search and seizure. Search of Search of pocketbook looking pocketbook looking for cigarettes – for cigarettes – found drug found drug paraphernaliaparaphernalia

Decision: School is Decision: School is a different a different environment – it is environment – it is a legal search.a legal search.

Impact : Police Impact : Police need probable need probable cause – school cause – school officials need officials need reasonable reasonable suspicion.suspicion.

Bethel v. FraserBethel v. Fraser11stst Amendment – Amendment – speech. speech. Inappropriate Inappropriate speech nominating speech nominating a friend for student a friend for student council.council.

Decision: Freedom Decision: Freedom of speech of speech restricted in public restricted in public school.school.

Impact: Cannot use Impact: Cannot use speech that is speech that is inappropriate, inappropriate, profane or could profane or could cause harm to cause harm to others.others.

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson1414thth Amendment – Amendment – equal protection equal protection under the law.under the law.

Louisiana – he Louisiana – he wants to ride in a wants to ride in a white railroad carwhite railroad car

Decision: legalized Decision: legalized separation.separation.

Impact : allowed Impact : allowed for Jim Crow laws for Jim Crow laws and segregation of and segregation of all public facilities. all public facilities. Overturned by Overturned by Brown v. Board of Brown v. Board of Ed. 1954Ed. 1954

FederalismFederalismDivision of power Division of power between state and between state and federal federal government. government. Delegated, Delegated, reserved, and reserved, and concurrent.concurrent.

Delegated: declare Delegated: declare war, foreign war, foreign treaties, military.treaties, military.

Reserved – Reserved – education, motor education, motor vehicles, marriage vehicles, marriage licenses.licenses.

Concurrent – taxes, Concurrent – taxes, elections.elections.

Checks and BalancesChecks and BalancesDivision of power Division of power between each of between each of the branches of the branches of government so government so that one does not that one does not become more become more powerful than the powerful than the other.other.

A bill becoming a A bill becoming a law – proposed by law – proposed by Congress – Congress – majority vote. majority vote. President can sign President can sign or veto. Congress or veto. Congress can override. can override. Supreme Court – Supreme Court – Judicial review.Judicial review.

Separation of PowersSeparation of PowersDivision of Division of responsibilities into responsibilities into the various the various branches of branches of government – government – Executive, Executive, Legislative and Legislative and Judicial.Judicial.

Executive – Executive – commander in chief, commander in chief, veto laws, sign lawsveto laws, sign laws

Legislative – make Legislative – make laws, approve laws, approve appointments, create appointments, create post office and post office and militarymilitary

Judicial – interpret the Judicial – interpret the law, declare laws law, declare laws unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

Amending ProcessAmending ProcessAdditions to the Additions to the ConstitutionConstitutionAllows the Allows the Constitution to Constitution to change and remain change and remain up to date.up to date.Proposed by 2/3Proposed by 2/3rdrd of of Congress and the Congress and the states – ratified by states – ratified by 3/43/4thth of Congress of Congress and the states.and the states.

1919thth amendment – amendment – women’s suffrage women’s suffrage as a result of WWIas a result of WWI

1818thth amendment – amendment – prohibition. prohibition. Repealed by 21Repealed by 21stst amendment.amendment.