midterm

Architectural Infrastructure

Networks of Architecture

Project Background

> Infrastructure as Architecture

-Designing Composite Networks-

by: Katrina Stoll & Scott Lloyd

> “The involvement of architects is

necessary to shape the

development of infrastructure

design.”

> Five Constituent Parts

> Economy

> Ecology

> Culture

> Politics

> Space/Networks

Project Background

> Infrastructure as Architecture

> Reflects a developed world model

of “infrastructure-then-space”

> Architectural Infrastructure

> The developing world follows a

“space-then-infrastructure” model

> The intention of this project is to

develop a system to address

infrastructural issues in existing

built environments through

architecture

Three Infrastructures

> Physical

> Transportation

> Water

> Power

> Waste

> Economic

> Purchase

> Sale

> Trade

> Social

> Healtcare

> Education

> Civic

> Public Interaction

Networks

> Infrastructures are networks

> Physical Networks

> (Ecological)

> Economic Networks

> (Ecological)

> Social Networks

> Simple or complex

> Three basic forms

Paul Baran

> Polish American Engineer

> Father of computer networks

> “On Distributed Communications”

> 1964

> Design of “Survivable” systems

Centralized

> Relies on a single, central hub

> Connectivity radiates out to

secondary nodes

Decentralized

> Relies on a series of hubs

> Primary hubs are connected to at

least one other hub

> Connectivity radiates out to

secondary nodes

Decentralized

> No hub/node differentiation

> All points are equally weighted in

the network

> The loss of a single point does not

cause the loss of any other point

Architectural

Infrastructure

> Utilizes each network type in

specific situations to promote

positive growth in all three

infrastructure categories

It’s not “Slum Fixing”

> The historical modernist approach

to social projects has been

“enter>demolish>replace>leave”

> Recent, more successful projects

have focused on “enabling” the

local population and encouraging

community interaction

> This interaction continues to

promote the community in the

future

The Facility

> The proposed architectural

solution is a series of “enabling

facilities” intended to encourage

community connectivity

> The intention is to enable and

encourage each infrastructure

network

> Physical

> Economic

> Social

Scale

> These connections occur on

different levels of scale

> The Neighborhood

> The City

> The three network types will be

used – each when it is most

appropriate – to address these

scales

The Neighborhood

> Each independent facility will

address the needs of its local

community

> This facility operates as the hub of

the Centralized Network of the

neighborhood

The City

> The intention is not to provide

one large HUB to serve the city

but rather a series of HUBs in a

Distributed Network

> Facilites will be connected by

public transportation

> There is no hierarchy of HUBs

> Each HUB is connected to at least

two other HUBs

The City

> The Distributed Network of HUBs

overlaid on a series of distinct

Centralized Networks creates a

Decentralized Network of

community interaction

Three Infrastructures

> Physical

> Transportation

> Water

> Power

> Waste

> Economic

> Purchase

> Sale

> Trade

> Social

> Healtcare

> Education

> Civic


The Catalog

> To move these areas of interest

into the built environment, an

architectural catalog has been

developed

The Catalog

> List of possible spaces

> Spatial relationship diagrams

> Mass models

> Detail models with substructure

elements

> Skins and cladding

> Water, energy, and waste systems

Physical Program

> Circulation

> Power

> Transportation

> Waste (ecology)

> Water (ecology)

Economic Program

> Production

> Exchange

Social Program


> Sports

> Community (ecology)

> Culture

> Education

> Health

The Catalog



> Mass models


elements



Spatial Relationship

Diagrams

> MVRDV’s Skycar City utilizes a

diagramming technique to assist in

properly locating programmatic

elements

> A modified version of this

technique has been used to

visualize relationships between

parts and the future whole


Diagrams

> 5 key components effect the

location of each element

> Access

> Daylight

> Security

> Views

> Visibility

> The importance of each

component is ranked from 0 to 5

for every space and arranged on a

star-shaped diagram


Diagrams

> These diagrams help the

placement of each individual

programmatic element in the

context of the future whole

> Street level or elevated

> Transparent or opaque cladding

> How many points of ingress

> Street frontage or back of house

> Programmatic elements with

similar diagrams will be in close

proximity

The Catalog



> Mass models


elements



Origins of the Program

> Christopher Alexander’s A Pattern

Language was used as a guide for

developing the program

> The major elements of the

program have been selected and

independently developed according

to its guidelines

Sports Facilities

Social Infrastructure

72. Local Sports

“The human body does not wear out

with use. On the contrary, it wears

down when it is not used.”

“Scatter places for team and individual

sports through every neighborhood:

tennis, squash, table tennis, swimming,

billiards, basketball, dancing,

gymnasium… and make the action

visible to passers-by, as an invitation to

participate.”

Sports Facilities


> Massing models

> Fast use mixture studies

> Volume comparisons

> Scale understanding

Sports Facilities


> Detailed models

> Provide justified minimum space

requirements

> Show anticipated structural

configuration

> Superstructure vs. substructure

Sports Facilities


> Detailed models also show

possible relationships with other

programmatic elements

> Shows where similar spaces can be

combined

Library


18. Network of Learning

“In a society which emphasizes

teaching, children and students

become passive and unable to think or

act for themselves. Creative, active

individuals can only grow up in a

society which emphasizes learning

instead of teaching”

Art Studio










Dance Studio










Physical Program

34. Interchange

128. Indoor Sunlight

132. Short Passages

133. Staircase as a Stage

158. Open Stairs

195. Staircase Volume

206. Efficient Structure

Economic Program

9. Scattered Work

19. Web of Shopping

46. Market of Many Shops

60. Accessible Green

Social Program

40. Old People Everywhere

46. Local Sports

47. Health Center

63. Dancing in the Street

67. Common Land

The Catalog



> Mass models


elements



Skins and Cladding

> The climate of the test site

dictates that most of the spaces be

open air

> More private spaces will

completely enclosed and

conditioned

> Varying levels of opacity

Open Air Cladding

Based on day-lighting and privacy, open

air cladding could consist of:

> Railings

> Chain-link Fence

> Vertical louvers

> Horizontal louvers

> Fabricated facades

All treatments will be manufactured

off-site and installed with simple, bolt-

on connections

Sealed Cladding

Sealed cladding could consist of:

> Curtain walls with spider fittings

> CMU block walls

> Most common construction

method in developing countries

These wall-types allow for complete

enclosure and conditioning

The Catalog



> Mass models


elements



Rainwater Collection

> 30% of Mexico City’s drinking

water must be trucked in

> Water is increasingly the city’s

most valuable resource

> Roof catchment and water storage

will be key to a successful

approach to physical infrastructure

Energy Production

> Wind

> Possibly effective depending on

location and height

> Slow, steady winds are prevalent

in the area

> Solar

> Likely effective

> Maintenance will be a key

concern due to Mexico City’s

poor air quality

Systems

> All of these systems’ effectiveness

and feasibility are dependent upon

total roof area

> Once a roof area is determined,

water and solar potential can be

calculated

The Catalog



> Mass models


elements



Diagrammatic Studies

> Local Employment Opportunities

> Relationships of Uses

> Spheres of Influence and

Connectivity

> Materials Origin

Local Employment

Opportunities

> Design Phase

> Construction Phase

> Operations Phase

Relationship of Uses

> Design Phase

> Construction Phase

> Operations Phase

Spheres of Influence

> Population Density Nezahualcoyotl

> 17,500 people / sq. km.

> Walking Distances

> 5 min.

> 10 min.

> 20 min.

Spheres of Influence

> Population Density Nezahualcoyotl

> 17,500 people / sq. km.

> Driving Distances

> 5 min.

> 10 min.

Materials Origin

> Structural steel

> Columns

> Trusses

> Joists

> Decking

> Fabricated steel components


> Metal studs

> CMU blocks

> Glass

Project Site

Cuidad Nezahaulcoyotl, Mexico

> Low income

> Densely populated

> Incrementally constructed

> Strict grid plan

Project Site

Adjacency

> Airport

> Metro line

> Lago Texcoco

> Reclaimed landfill

Project Site

Planning

> Series of residential blocks

about 1km square

> The center of these blocks is

zoned “neighborhood center”

> Most of these “centers” are now

privately owned

Project Site

Adjacency

> Church

> Market

> Private school

> Mixed use

> Dense residential

Project Site

Census Data – INEGI

> Age

> Drainage

> Education level of head of house

> Electricity

> Family structure

> Number in household

> Number of bedrooms

> Relationships in household

> School level

> Sex of head of house

> Toilet availability

> Water supply

Project Site

Weather Data

> Wind Frequency

Project Site

Weather Data

> Wind Speed

Project Site

Weather Data

> Temperature Bins

Project Site

Weather Data

> Diurnal Averages

Project Site

Weather Data

> Monthly Rainfall

Project Site

Weather Data

> Relative Humidity

Project Site

Weather Data

> Temperature Min/max

Next Steps

> Analyze census data and make a

profile of the population

> Choose programmatic elements

> Design a test facility

Architectural Infrastructure

Networks of Architecture

midterm

Documents

Transcript of midterm