Name: KEY Last First

ID#___________________________

Lab. Date and Time____________________

Lab. TA____________________

Biological Sciences 1B – Dr. HerrlingerSummer Sessions I 2000

Final ExamAugust 4, 2000

DO NOT OPEN EXAM UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

Please Read the Instructions FirstCheck your pages. There are 15 pages in this exam.

You are responsible for making sure that you have all the pages.This examination is worth 130 points.

Write your name, ID#, and Lab. Section on your scantron.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Indicate your answers on the scantron sheet using a number 2 or test scoring pencil. Press heavily, don’t stray out of the margins, and completely erase any changed answers.

2. If you think that a multiple choice question is ambiguous or confusing, use the “gripe sheet” at the end of the examination to explain the problem.

3. There are 45 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each.

Fill-in Questions

1. Use pen only (no grade corrections for pencil or white–out).

2. Write only one answer per question. You can elaborate on an answer, but you will not be given any credit if you write two different answers to the question.

3. Spelling rules: ½ credit for 2–3 letters wrong or transposed. No points will be given if the misspelling alters the meaning of the word.

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4. There are 10 fill–in questions worth 40 points in total.

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Choose the one best answer:

1. Jawless fishes include

A. hagfishes, lampreys, and extinct ostracodermsB. lobe–finned fishes and cephalochordatesC. lungfishes, coelacanths, and extinct placodermsD. pipefishes, flatfishes, and sturgeonE. sharks, skates, and rays

2. Beginning with the first appearance of each of the following, what is the correct sequence for evolution of the amniotic egg, jaws, notochord, and tetrapod condition?

A. amniotic egg, notochord, jaws, tetrapodB. jaws, notochord, amniotic egg, tetrapodC. notochord, jaws, amniotic egg, tetrapodD. notochord, jaws, tetrapod, amniotic eggE. tetrapod, jaws, notochord, amniotic egg

3. The water vascular system in echinoderms is most like

A. a can openerB. a fountainC. a hydraulic mechanismD. a septic tankE. bicycle gears

4. From a cladistic view, the Class Reptilia should include which of the following?

A. amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakesB. amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiliansC amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, birdsD. only turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiliansE. turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, birds

5. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the Subphylum Urochordata?

A. compound tunicates share a common exit poreB. it only takes a few minutes for a larvacean to build a new house with

which to filter food from the surrounding waterC. simple adult solitary tunicates have one incurrent and one excurrent

siphonD. some salp species can exist as solitary or colonial organisms

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E. all of the above

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6. Which of the following is a true statement regarding guanacos as seen in the film shown in class?

A. males use rudimentary horns when fighting for femalesB. they are sexually dimorphic as evidenced by the bright color of the

male coatC. they are the largest rodent in ChileD. they drink seawater from shallow tidepools near the ocean to

osmoregulateE. they use scent marking on their territories

7. The distinction between the commonly used terms invertebrates and vertebrates

A. has no basis in morphological differences between the two groupsB. involves the presence and absence of a notochordC. is at the taxonomic level of subphylumD. is based on intelligence of the representative organismsE. requires the two groups to be in separate phyla

8. An individual’s relative fitness is measured by

A. how well the individual relates to its environmentB. the health of the individualC. the number of its offspring that survive and reproduceD. the number of matings it achievesE. the number of offspring produced

9. Ossicles are present in which of the following classes?

A. AsteroideaB. EchinoideaC. HolothuroideaD. OphiuroideaE. All of the above

10. The waters of Putah Creak near Davis would most likely contain which of the following taxa?

A. Arthropoda, Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, ReptiliaB. Chordata, Arthropoda, Holothuroidea, PoriferaC. Echinodermata, Chelicerata, Uniramia, OsteichthyesD. Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda, Anthozoa, HirudineaE. Annelida, Scyphozoa, Arthropoda, Vertebrata

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11. The circulatory system is

A. closed in the arthropodsB. closed in the molluscsC. often closed in active predators with the exception of the

arthropodsD. open in the annelidsE. open in the flatworms

12. In addition to numerous other organisms, the tracheal system is found in _________ and functions in _________.

A. annelids; circulationB. grasshoppers; excretionC. honeybees; respirationD. scorpions; feedingE. spiders; web building

13. Massive fish kills due to red tides are caused by

A. amebaeB. dinoflagellatesC. foraminiferansD. radiolariansE. red algae

14. Developmentally, the blastopore becomes the anus in which taxa?

A. annelids, arthropods, and molluscsB. echinoderms and chordatesC. flatworms, annelids, arthropods, and molluscsD. only echinodermsE. all protostomes

15. A researcher removes one cell from an embryo at the four cell stage. This cell develops into a normal (though possibly smaller) embryo. The developmental pattern of the organism from which this cell is removed would be classified as

A. a chimeraB. determinateC. indeterminateD. mosaicE. unregulated

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16. Imagine a graph depicting selection repeatedly acting on the same tail (side) of a distribution of phenotypes. This would be an example of

A. directional selectionB. diversifying selectionC. frequency–dependent selectionD. sexual selectionE. stabilizing selection

17. Broadcast or free spawning involves the release of _________ and is seen in _________.

A. eggs and sperm into the plankton; cnidariansB. fertilized zygotes onto the sand; brooding sea anemonesC. sexually mature offspring from a pouch; seahorsesD. the intestines into surrounding water; sea cucumbersE. TMO into the blood; salmon

18. What structural elements support the body in flatworms?

A. a hydrostatic skeletonB. collagen fibersC. mesogleaD. parenchyme tissueE. the coelom

19. Asexual reproduction is exhibited by the _________ and one of the life stages produced asexually is the _________.

A. Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa; medusaB. Insecta; pupaC. Trematoda; cercariaD. all of the aboveE. A and C only

20. Although some of the echinoderms have bilaterally symmetric larvae, most exhibit penta–radial symmetry as adults. Which of the following would be considered to have secondary bilateral symmetry?

A. basket starsB. brittle starsC. crinoidsD. irregular echinoids and sea cucumbersE. all of the above

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21. Vertebrate jaws most likely evolved from which structure?

A. an expansion of the nasal passagesB. the first gill archC. mesodermD. the pharyngeal basketE. the swimbladder

22. The diseases leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness are caused by

A. a protozoan that is passed along after an insect biteB. a virusC. bacteriaD. homozygote susceptibility as with malariaE. none of the above

23. One of the key elements in the serial endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells involves a prokaryote ingesting other prokaryotes to establish a symbiotic relationship where two cells become one.

A. TrueB. False

24. Evidence for a single evolution of life lies in the fact that all the metazoa have mono–ciliate (flagellate) sperm and if you look at the cross–section of all the cilia and flagella, you find a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.

A. TrueB. False

25. The most likely candidate for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to a

A. flatwormB. paedomorphic polychaeteC. planula larvaD. trochophore larvaE. tunicate larva

26. Hagfishes

A. are marine scavengersB. have a cartilaginous skeletonC. have no paired fins

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D. produce copious quantities of slimeE. all of the above

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27. The human population

A. has no effect on global changeB. is decreasingC. is growing exponentiallyD. was growing exponentially but has now stabilizedE. none of the above

28. Echinoderms

A. are protostomesB. exhibit primary radial symmetryC. have a calcareous exoskeletonD. have well–developed excretory organsE. none of the above

29. Marine fishes osmoregulate by

A. absorbing ions in sea water through their gillsB. drinking sea water and excreting ions across their gillsC. eating prey with low salinitiesD. increasing the size of the kidney and excreting dilute urineE. storing excess ions in the swimbladder

30. Which of the following is a true statement about protozoans?

A. parasitic forms are responsible for numerous human and domestic animal diseases

B. they are all unicellularC. they are found everywhere life existsD. they require moistureE. all of the above

31. Chitin is found in which combination of taxa?

A. Arachnida, Gastropoda, PolychaetaB. Bivalvia, Chilopoda, MaxillopodaC. Cephalopoda, Ophiuroidea, GastropodaD. Hirudinea, Merostomata, OligochaetaE. Insecta, Trematoda, Turbellaria

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32. When a gene has several different versions that create slightly different gene products, each version of the gene is called _________.

A. a heterozygoteB. a sister chromatidC. an alleleD. mutationE. polygenic

33. Genetic drift

A. is due to chance eventsB. can involve a loss of alleles from the populationC. results in a change in allele frequencies from generation to generationD. all of the aboveE. A and C only

34. A group of naturally or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups is a definition of

A. a pre–zygotic isolating mechanismB. a ring speciesC. one of the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium conditionsD. the biological species conceptE. the principle of parsimony

35. Recent molecular evidence involving 18S ribosomal RNA sequences suggests that chordates are a sister group to the

A. annelids and molluscsB. arthropodsC. cnidariansD. echinodermsE. flatworms

36. Which of the following is the least useful piece of information to consider when trying to determine the mating system of a particular animal?

A. the confidence the male has in paternityB. the distribution of resources and whether they can be defendedC. the number of mates each sex hasD. the number of siblings of each parentE. who cares for the offspring

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37. All multicellular phyla have

A. a coelomB. a complete gutC. aquatic larvaeD. bilateral symmetryE. collagen

38. Most amphibians are unable to complete their life cycles on land. Unlike reptiles, most amphibians

A. have a covering of keratin scalesB. have internal fertilizationC. must return to water to breedD. protect the developing embryo in an amniotic eggE. all of the above

39. There is relatively little genetic diversity in populations of cheetahs, elephant seals, and California condors. This is most likely due to

A. a population bottleneckB. founder effectsC. hybridization between speciesD. selection against heterozygotesE. the fact that males rear the offspring, not females

40. About 75% of the Platyhelminthes are parasitic. If the parasitic forms had a free–living ancestor, which features must have changed over evolutionary time?

A. an incomplete gutB. bilateral symmetryC. monoecious reproductionD. mucus and cilia on the body surfaceE. the sucking pharynx

41. Which of the following would almost certainly be expected in a segmented, coelomate, soft–bodied invertebrate with a complete, regionally specialized, digestive tract?

A. hydrostatic skeletonB. nerve netC. planula larvaD. all of the aboveE. none of the above

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42. Most crustaceans have

A. a cyprid larvaB. a terrestrial life stageC. malpighian tubulesD. two pairs of antennaeE. uniramous appendages

43. The growth in male peacocks of long colorful tail feathers with numerous “eyespots” is a product of

A. balanced polymorphismB. diversifying selectionC. ecological isolationD. frequency–dependent selectionE. sexual selection

44. Your BIS 1B study group goes to a Chinese restaurant and orders the Grand Buffet. As the circular tray of food is passed around the table, you see one large fish, roast pig, tentacles from a jelly, oysters, squid, mussels, seaweed, and shrimp. How many different taxonomic animal Classes are on the table?

A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7E. 8

45. The name of the chewing mouthparts in scorpions is

A. cheliceraeB. chelipedsC. clawsD. pedipalpsE. uniramous

Please continue to the next page.

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Short Answer

46. Give the common names of two extinct taxa discussed in class and the names of their respective Subphyla. (2 pts)

Common Name Subphylum(any two of the answers for A or B are acceptable)

A. trilobites Trilobita (or Trilobitomorpha)

B. ostracoderms Vertebrataplacoderms Vertebratadinosaurs Vertebratamosasaurs Vertebrata

47. List two distinguishing characteristics of the Class Mammalia that separate this taxon from other vertebrate classes. (2 pts)

A. presence of hair

B. mammary glands

two occipital condyles

others also include hard palate, sebaceous glands, three bones in the middle ear, etc.

48. Define heterochrony and explain its evolutionary significance. (3 pts)

Definition: Heterochrony is the evolutionary change in the timing of development of characteristics from ancestor to descendant.

Evolutionary significance: By changing the timing that regulates growth of the body and sexual maturity, new phenotypes may result. E.g., urochordates with paedomorphic tadpole larvae have given rise to vertebrates.

49. Give the common name of one organism discussed in class where the male mates with the female and then stands guard over the female to keep other males from mating with her.(2 pts)

spiderscuttlefishothers?

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50. a. Fill in the blanks with names of 5 of the 8 structures drawn in a typical asteroid water vascular system. You may leave three blank with no penalty. (5 pts)

Answer: A. madreporite; B. ring canal; C. radial canal; D. stone canal; E. lateral canal; F. ampulla; G. sucker; H. podium (tube feet)

b. What controls the direction of flow of water between structures E and F? (1 pt)

a one–way valve

51. What type of symmetry and cephalization would you expect from a sessile, filter–feeding organism? (2 pts)

radial symmetry and a lack of cephalization

52. Name the taxonomic Kindgom of the disease causing agent (not the vector) responsible for each of the following diseases. (3 pts)

A.Giardia Protozoa (or Protista)

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C. ________________

A. _________________

F. _________________

H. _________________

G. _________________seebox

E. ________________

B. ________________

D. ________________

B. liver flukes Animalia

C.malaria Protozoa (or Protista)

53. A population of beetles has two alleles for body color, mottled and blue. Mottled is dominant to blue. A researcher determines that a sample of 200 beetles is comprised of 130 mottled and 70 blue beetles. 100 of the 200 beetles are heterozygous (Bb). Is this population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?Do not just set up the equations. Calculate a final answer and show your complete calculations to receive full credit. (6 pts)

BB = 30Bb =100bb = 70 Total = 200

f(B) = f(b) = 1 – f(B) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6

H–W predicts: Observed:f(BB) = (0.4)2 = 0.16 f(BB) =

f(Bb) = 2 (0.4) (0.6) = 0.48 f(Bb) =

f(bb) = (0.6)2 = 0.36 f(bb) =

Observed and expected genotype frequencies are nearly identical so YES, the population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.

54. Many humans eventually have their wisdom teeth removed. Some people are born with four wisdom teeth, others are born with two, and some people never have them at all. Describe the necessary conditions for the evolution by natural selection of the complete loss of wisdom teeth in humans. [Be sure to keep your answer specific to this example of loss of wisdom teeth.] (4 pts)

Individuals without wisdom teeth would have to have greater fitness than individuals without wisdom teeth. There would have to be differential survival and/or reproduction leading to only people without wisdom teeth.

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Matching

55. Match a single letter from the right hand column that is indicative of the feeding strategy of most members of each of the following groups. Letters may be used more than once.Be sure to write legibly! (10 pts.)

crinoid E A. carnivore

feather duster worm E B. herbivore

grasshopper B C. parasite

lamprey C D. scavenger

octopus A E. suspension or filter–feeder

scallop E

sea urchin B

sponge E

terrestrial snail B

wolf A

**Enjoy the rest of your summer!**

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Name: ___________________________Last First

ID#________________________

Gripe Sheet

Instructions:

1. Put your name at the top of the page (I tear it off from the rest of the exam).

2. If you think that a question is ambiguous or confusing, indicate the question number, the answer you gave, and the reason that you gave this answer.

Question # Answer you gave Gripe

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