Middle Kingdom 2050 – 1750 BC New Kingdom 1550 – 1050 BC Chapter 4 Section 3.
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Transcript of Middle Kingdom 2050 – 1750 BC New Kingdom 1550 – 1050 BC Chapter 4 Section 3.
Middle Middle KingdomKingdom
2050 – 1750 BC2050 – 1750 BCNew KingdomNew Kingdom
1550 – 1050 BC1550 – 1050 BC
Chapter 4 Section 3Chapter 4 Section 3
By the end of the Old Kingdom the By the end of the Old Kingdom the pharoahs wealth and power was in pharoahs wealth and power was in decline.decline.The nobles had begun to assume powerThe nobles had begun to assume powerThere was no central government, only There was no central government, only smaller local rulerssmaller local rulers
The Hyksos – The Who?The Hyksos – The Who?
Guess what? Guess what? The Hyksos The Hyksos from southwest from southwest Asia invaded Asia invaded Lower Egypt Lower Egypt and they were and they were now the rulers! now the rulers! How rude!How rude!They had cool They had cool horse-drawn horse-drawn chariots and chariots and advanced advanced weaponry.weaponry.
Let’s Get Ready to Rumble!Let’s Get Ready to Rumble!
Finally the Egyptians fought back.Finally the Egyptians fought back.
Ahmose from Thebes declared himself Ahmose from Thebes declared himself king and kicked out the Hyksos – king and kicked out the Hyksos – Smackdown!Smackdown!
As you can see, As you can see, Ahmose was very Ahmose was very handsome:handsome:
Now to the New Kingdom – Egypt’s time of Now to the New Kingdom – Egypt’s time of its greatest power and gloryits greatest power and glory
New KingdomNew KingdomAfter that problem with the Hyksos, Egypt’s After that problem with the Hyksos, Egypt’s rulers decided to get seriousrulers decided to get seriousThey began to take control of all invasion They began to take control of all invasion routes and formed an empireroutes and formed an empireThe areas conquered sent expensive goods The areas conquered sent expensive goods annually (yearly) to stay on good terms with annually (yearly) to stay on good terms with them—wouldn’t you?them—wouldn’t you?
TradeTrade
Egyptian traders now went farther to more Egyptian traders now went farther to more distant lands by profitable trade routesdistant lands by profitable trade routes
Many of the conquered lands had Many of the conquered lands had wonderful resources, e.g. the Sinai wonderful resources, e.g. the Sinai peninsula had turquoise and copper.peninsula had turquoise and copper.
Queen Queen HatshepsutHatshepsut
Hatshepsut was a terrific Hatshepsut was a terrific business woman. She business woman. She encouraged trade and encouraged trade and brought in much wealth.brought in much wealth.She also encouraged art She also encouraged art and architecture and had and architecture and had many impressive many impressive monuments built.monuments built.She also sometimes wore She also sometimes wore a fake beard to symbolize a fake beard to symbolize a pharoah’s power – kind a pharoah’s power – kind of like a pantsuit today.of like a pantsuit today.
Invasions of EgyptInvasions of Egypt
Eventually, Egypt started to decline under Eventually, Egypt started to decline under attacks from the:attacks from the:
TehenuTehenu from Asia Minor (Turkey) from Asia Minor (Turkey)
HittitesHittites ( (HitHit-like hit a ball and -like hit a ball and itesites like in like in termites)termites)
And the And the Sea PeoplesSea Peoples (Southwest Asia) (Southwest Asia)
It never regained its former glory.It never regained its former glory.
Ramses the GreatRamses the Great
He was a great warrior and builderHe was a great warrior and builder
ScribesScribes
Scribes were respected and kept accounts Scribes were respected and kept accounts and records. They copied religious and records. They copied religious stories, literary stories and poemsstories, literary stories and poems
They were not taxed and many became They were not taxed and many became wealthywealthy
ArtisansArtisans
Worked mainly for the government or templesWorked mainly for the government or temples
They were highly skilled leather and They were highly skilled leather and metalworkers, jewelers, sculptors, builders and metalworkers, jewelers, sculptors, builders and carpenters.carpenters.
They were paid fairly well.They were paid fairly well.
Architects and ArtistsArchitects and Artists
Architects designed the temples and royal Architects designed the temples and royal tombstombs
Artists mainly worked inside these Artists mainly worked inside these monuments painting highly detailed monuments painting highly detailed scenesscenes
Merchants and Merchants and TradersTraders
They traveled long distances to buy and sell itemsThey traveled long distances to buy and sell itemsThey were usually accompanied by soldiers, They were usually accompanied by soldiers, scribes and laborersscribes and laborers
SoldiersSoldiersMen could improve their place in society Men could improve their place in society by becoming professional soldiersby becoming professional soldiers
They were given land and could keep what They were given land and could keep what they took from the enemythey took from the enemy
Farmers and Other PeasantsFarmers and Other Peasants
Most people belonged Most people belonged to this groupto this groupThe farmers grew The farmers grew crops and depended crops and depended on the Nile for water on the Nile for water and its regular floodsand its regular floodsThey supported their They supported their families and helped families and helped each other during each other during harvest (gathering harvest (gathering crops).crops).
They had to give part of their crops to the They had to give part of their crops to the pharoah because he owned all the landpharoah because he owned all the landFarmers and peasants could be called at any Farmers and peasants could be called at any time to help build pyramids or monuments or time to help build pyramids or monuments or fight warsfight warsThey were paid in grainThey were paid in grain
SlavesSlaves
They were convicted criminals or prisoners They were convicted criminals or prisoners of warof war
They worked on building projects, They worked on building projects, workshops, and private homesworkshops, and private homes
They had some legal rightsThey had some legal rights
They could sometimes earn their freedomThey could sometimes earn their freedom
Family LifeFamily Life
Most families lived together taking in any Most families lived together taking in any unmarried female relativesunmarried female relatives
Boys were encouraged to marry early and Boys were encouraged to marry early and have childrenhave children
Some women worked outside the home as Some women worked outside the home as priestesses, officials, administrators and priestesses, officials, administrators and artisansartisans
Women’s RightsWomen’s RightsWomen could own land, make contracts, and divorce Women could own land, make contracts, and divorce their husbands – this was very unusual in ancient times.their husbands – this was very unusual in ancient times.They could keep their property after a divorceThey could keep their property after a divorce
ChildrenChildren
They played and huntedThey played and huntedThey received some education in morals (right and They received some education in morals (right and wrong), math and sportswrong), math and sportsAt 14, boys were expected to go to work with their At 14, boys were expected to go to work with their fathersfathers
Work and Daily LifeWork and Daily Life
Boys learned their future jobs from their Boys learned their future jobs from their fathersfathers