MIDDLE AGES MUSIC GREGORIAN CHANT OR PLAINSONG. Origin Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish...
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Transcript of MIDDLE AGES MUSIC GREGORIAN CHANT OR PLAINSONG. Origin Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish...
MIDDLE AGES MUSICMIDDLE AGES MUSICGREGORIAN CHANT OR GREGORIAN CHANT OR
PLAINSONGPLAINSONG
OriginOrigin
Based on Greek musical theory and Based on Greek musical theory and Jewish chantsJewish chants
Words come from Mass, Psalms, Words come from Mass, Psalms, Canticles, and hymnsCanticles, and hymns
Began about 300 ADBegan about 300 AD
Gregorian ChantGregorian Chant
Named after Pope Named after Pope Gregory who had Gregory who had the chants codified the chants codified and written down and written down 590-604 AD590-604 AD
Pope Gregory Pope Gregory supposedly heard supposedly heard the chantsthe chants
Pope Gregory dictating Chant In this illumination from the Antiphonary of Hartker of Sankt-Gallen, c. 1000 <http://z.about.com/d/historymedren/1/7/l/F/2/greg1dictating.jpg>
Structure of chantsStructure of chants
Four VariationsFour Variations Un-harmonized melody with free rhythmUn-harmonized melody with free rhythm No instruments are usedNo instruments are used Usually an initial spoken phrase is used Usually an initial spoken phrase is used
today, followed by intonation of the today, followed by intonation of the MonksMonks
Usually one long sound is followed by Usually one long sound is followed by two shorttwo short
RestorationRestoration
The chants were badly The chants were badly mutilated and mutilated and damaged through timedamaged through time
In the later nineteenth In the later nineteenth century the century the Benedictine Monks Benedictine Monks undertook in depth undertook in depth research to restore the research to restore the chantschants
In 1903 Pope Pius X In 1903 Pope Pius X accepted the adopting accepted the adopting it as the official music it as the official music of the Roman Catholic of the Roman Catholic ChurchChurch Graduale Aboense, hymn book of Turku, Finland. 14th-15th
century.Helsinki University Library, http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/yleistieto/historia.htm
MIDDLE AGES MIDDLE AGES ARCHITECTURE: GOTHICARCHITECTURE: GOTHIC
NOTRE DAME DE PARISNOTRE DAME DE PARIS
The major portion The major portion was started in 1163 was started in 1163 and consecrated and consecrated twenty years latertwenty years later
It was completed in It was completed in the 14th centurythe 14th century
It was built on top of It was built on top of former pagan altarsformer pagan altars
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/paris-notre-dame-cathedral
South Portal and Transept.
CULT OF VIRGINCULT OF VIRGIN
Mary, a symbol of Mary, a symbol of forgiveness forgiveness became central in became central in religionreligion
Notre Dame was Notre Dame was dedicated to her; dedicated to her; several statues of several statues of her are throughouther are throughout
Tympanum of the Portal of the Virgin, depicting the Coronation of Mary.
FEATURES OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (NOTRE FEATURES OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (NOTRE DAME DAME
DE PARIS)DE PARIS)
A strong structure, emphasis on formalism and strict adherence to A strong structure, emphasis on formalism and strict adherence to planplan
Centered around religious beliefs—the stained glass windows all Centered around religious beliefs—the stained glass windows all picture the Bible storiespicture the Bible stories
Arches, which point up to God, the starry heavensArches, which point up to God, the starry heavens Ribbed vaulting which allow for an arched ceiling that pointed to Ribbed vaulting which allow for an arched ceiling that pointed to
heavenheaven Flying buttresses held the building up, leaving room on the wall for Flying buttresses held the building up, leaving room on the wall for
pictures, inlaid tombs, sanctuaries, and windowspictures, inlaid tombs, sanctuaries, and windows Rose and stained glass windows allowed the light of heaven to Rose and stained glass windows allowed the light of heaven to
enter and allowed people of the time to “read” the stories on the enter and allowed people of the time to “read” the stories on the painted glasspainted glass
Central nave, flanked by aisles, terminated by choir follow the Central nave, flanked by aisles, terminated by choir follow the Gothic planGothic plan
Large arched portals, decorated with statues to the saintsLarge arched portals, decorated with statues to the saints Twin towers on the outside, reaching upwardTwin towers on the outside, reaching upward Gargoyles, grotesque’s creatures, deck the arches to scare evil Gargoyles, grotesque’s creatures, deck the arches to scare evil
intruders awayintruders away
Middle Ages ArtMiddle Ages Art
QuestionQuestion: Look at the Middle Ages : Look at the Middle Ages part of the classroom wall. Describe part of the classroom wall. Describe the art depicted there in a the art depicted there in a paragraph.paragraph.
Characteristics:Characteristics:
Heavy and solid, art works were often created out Heavy and solid, art works were often created out of stoneof stone
Somewhat primitive and lacking in technical skillsSomewhat primitive and lacking in technical skills Detailed and formalDetailed and formal Religious in subject matterReligious in subject matter Colorful and jeweled if possibleColorful and jeweled if possible Not accurate in perspectiveNot accurate in perspective Often carried the messages of the timeOften carried the messages of the time (Stained glass windows and sculptures were to be (Stained glass windows and sculptures were to be
read—few books)read—few books)
Special arts:Special arts:
Stained glass, ivories, woodcarvings, Stained glass, ivories, woodcarvings, stone carvings, illuminated stone carvings, illuminated manuscripts, and paintings.manuscripts, and paintings.
The highest art was architecture and The highest art was architecture and applied engineering:applied engineering:
Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals (Westminster, Notre Dame, (Westminster, Notre Dame, Chartres.)Chartres.)
Transition:Transition:
Begin to show emotionsBegin to show emotions Begin to a handle on perspectiveBegin to a handle on perspective Show increased realismShow increased realism Conquer the building of massive Conquer the building of massive
structuresstructures