Microsoft Mathematics Add-In

About Microsoft Mathematics Add-in

Microsoft Mathematics is a set of tools that you can use to perform mathematical operations on expressions orequations in your Word documents and OneNote notebooks.

You can use the extensive collection of mathematical symbols and structures to display clearly formatted mathematicalexpressions. You can also quickly insert commonly used expressions and math structures by using the Equation gallery.

You can use Microsoft Mathematics to perform the following tasks:

Compute standard mathematical functions, such as roots and logarithms

Compute trigonometric functions, such as sine and cosine

Find derivatives and integrals, limits, and sums and products of series

Perform matrix operations, such as inverses, addition, and multiplication

Perform operations on complex numbers

Plot 2D graphs in Cartesian and polar coordinates, and 3D graphs in Cartesian, cylindrical, and sphericalcoordinates

Solve equations and inequalities

Calculate statistical functions, such as mode and variance, on lists of numbers

Factor polynomials or integers

Simplify or expand algebraic expressions

Related topics

About case sensitivity

About mathematical expressions and evaluation

Insert an equation or expression


Microsoft Mathematics is a set of tools that you can use to perform mathematical operations on expressions orequations in your Word documents and OneNote notebooks.

You can use the extensive collection of mathematical symbols and structures to display clearly formatted mathematicalexpressions. You can also quickly insert commonly used expressions and math structures by using the Equation gallery.

You can use Microsoft Mathematics to perform the following tasks:

Compute standard mathematical functions, such as roots and logarithms

Compute trigonometric functions, such as sine and cosine

Find derivatives and integrals, limits, and sums and products of series

Perform matrix operations, such as inverses, addition, and multiplication

Perform operations on complex numbers

Plot 2D graphs in Cartesian and polar coordinates, and 3D graphs in Cartesian, cylindrical, and sphericalcoordinates

Solve equations and inequalities

Calculate statistical functions, such as mode and variance, on lists of numbers

Factor polynomials or integers

Simplify or expand algebraic expressions

Related topics





Microsoft Mathematics is flexible in interpreting the mathematical expressions you enter. When you type an expressionand choose to Compute or Graph the expression, Microsoft Mathematics enables only the options that are valid foryour expression.

Microsoft Mathematics evaluates expressions and returns results or answers. The output or result is inserted in a newMath Zone back into your document.

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With one important exception, Microsoft Mathematics tools are not case-sensitive. When you type the name of afunction, it does not matter whether you capitalize the name exactly as it is shown in the help examples. For example,the function "tan" is the same as "Tan" or "TAN," and the constant that is named "e" is the same as "E."

The one exception applies to variables that you create. Microsoft Mathematics respects the case that you choose forthese variables, so that x and X are considered different variables. This case sensitivity affects graphing. MicrosoftMathematics uses the lowercase variables x, y, z and ralong with a few othersin graphing. It does not use thecorresponding uppercase variable names X, Y, and Z, which are different variables and treated as constants ingraphing.

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Inserting an equation or expression



For Microsoft Mathematics to interpret and evaluate your mathematical expression, you must enter it into a region ofyour document called the Math Zone. To create a Math Zone, place the cursor where you want to insert the MathZone, and then do one of the following:

On the Mathematics tab, click Equation.

On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click Equation.

Press Alt + = on the keyboard.

After you insert a Math Zone, you can type in your expression. You can use any of the following methods to enter amathematical expression:

Type directly into the Math Zone. You can use text, symbols, and Math AutoCorrect entries to input yourexpression. Microsoft Word and OneNote automatically format parts of your input into mathematical notation. Forexample, if you enter \int x^2 dx, it is automatically reformatted as xdx. For more information, search for"Math AutoCorrect" in Word Help.

Use a preformatted building block expression. For more information, search for "Insert equation" in Word Help.

Use the Math Input Panel in Microsoft Windows 7.

Note

Expressions can't contain conditions. If the expression you enter includes conditions, for example vx, x > 5, MicrosoftMathematics will return the message "Error in equation."

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Change the number field over which an expression isevaluated

You can select to evaluate the functions, expressions, or equations over the real or complex number fields.

On the Mathematics tab, click either Real or Complex to select the corresponding number field.

Notes

Microsoft Mathematics can't solve certain equations if the incorrect number field is selected. For example, theequation x + 1 = 0 doesn't have a solution over the real number field. Unless you choose the Complex numberfield, Microsoft Mathematics displays a message that there are no solutions to the equation.

When you specify the Complex number field, radians are automatically set as the default angle measurement.

A graph can't be plotted when the Complex number field is selected.

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Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an expression

Specify the number of decimal places displayed in a result

Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate anexpression

You can choose the unit that you want to use for angle measure when calculating trigonometric quantities. Radians arethe default unit of measurement.

On the Mathematics tab, click Radians, Degrees, or Gradians to select the unit of angular measurement.

Notes

When you change the unit of angular measurement, all subsequent calculations are performed using that unit ofangular measurement. The change does not affect any existing calculated results in your documents.

When you specify the Complex number field, radians are automatically set as the unit of angle measurement.

Radians must be used as the unit of angle measurement when you perform certain calculations on a trigonometricfunction, such as calculating a derivative. You'll see a prompt to change the unit of angle measurement to radiansif it is set to degrees or gradians.

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Change the number field over which an expression is evaluated



You might want to limit the number of decimal places that are displayed in the result of your calculations.

On the Mathematics tab, click Decimal Places, and then choose between 0 and 13 decimal places.If you choose Not Fixed, Microsoft Mathematics determines the number of decimal places to display when theresult is in numerical form.

Notes

When you change the number of displayed decimal places, all subsequent calculations use the selected number ofdecimal places. The change does not affect any existing calculated results in your documents.

Microsoft Mathematics does not zero-pad whole numbers or decimal numbers with fewer than the selected numberof decimal places. For example, if you choose four decimal places, 5/4 is displayed as 1.25, not 1.2500.

Related topics

Change the number field over which an expression is evaluated

Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an expression

About plotting expressions and equations

You can plot functions or expressions such as sin(x) or and 3x + 4y. You can also plot equations such as y = 4x + 2or z = rsin( ).

After you plot the expression or equation, you can change the display characteristics of the graph in the following ways:

Show or hide the axes

Show or hide the outer frame

Display the plot as a colored surface or wireframe

Change the proportion of the display or maximize the graph

Adjust the plotting range

Zoom in or out on the plot

Rotate around a plot axis (3D graphs only)

Trace a plot and freeze a trace (2D graphs only)

Adjust the size of the inserted graph by resizing the graph pop-up window

After you make changes to a graph, you can save it to your document as a picture. When you insert a graph, anychanges you make to the source expression are not reflected in the graph. However, you can update how an existinggraph is displayed.

Generally, when you plot a single-variable function in 3D, the value along one of the dimensions is held constant, andthe graph is drawn in terms of the other two dimensions. For example, when you plot sin(x) in 3D Cartesiancoordinates, the value along the y-axis is held constant, and the graph is drawn in terms of x and z.

Microsoft Mathematics determines whether an expression or equation can be plotted in 2D or 3D space, based on theform of the expression:

You can plot functions, expressions, and equations in 2D or 3D Cartesian coordinates. For example, you can plot y= 3x in 2D, or z = x + y in 3D.

You can plot both sides of an equation in 2D or 3D. For example, both sides of the equation 4x + 2y = 6 can beplotted in terms of z: z = 4x + 2y and z = 6.

You can plot in polar coordinates, such as r = sin( ).

You can plot in cylindrical coordinates, such as z = r sin( ).

You can plot in spherical coordinates, such as r = sin( ) + cos(f ).

Equations of more than three variables are considered parametric equations and are plotted in 3D Cartesiancoordinates. Any variables that are not represented by the three Cartesian coordinates x, y, and z are consideredparameters.

Important

Microsoft Mathematics looks for the specific variables x, y, and z (or r, , and f ) to determine the domain over which toplot an expression or equation. You should always use these variables when you write expressions, to ensure thatMicrosoft Mathematics correctly interprets your mathematical constructs.

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Update a graph

Plot a function, expression, or equation

You can plot a single-variable function (for example, sin(x)), an expression of two variables (for example, 3x + 2y), ortwo or more of each by following the same steps. You can also plot a single-variable equation(for example, y = 4x +3), an equation of two or more variables (for example, 3x + 2xy + 3y + z = 8), or two or more of each.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the function, equation, or expression you want to plot.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Graph, and then click Plot in 2D or Plot in 3D.2.

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Plot a parametric expression, equation, or inequality

Update a graph

Plot one or more inequalities

Plot both sides of an equation

You can plot both sides of a one-variable equation in 2D when both sides can be expressed in terms of a secondvariable. For example, both sides of the equation 4x + 2 = 6 can be plotted in terms of y: y = 4x + 2 and y = 6.

You can plot both sides of an equation that has two or more variables in 3D when both sides can be expressed in termsof a common variable.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation you want to plot.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Graph.2.

Click Plot both sides in 2D or Plot both sides in 3D.3.

Note

When you plot both sides of an equation that has more than two variables, Microsoft Mathematics must be able toexpress both sides of the equation in terms of x, y, or z for plotting in Cartesian coordinates, or r for cylindrical orspherical plotting.

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Update a graph


You can plot inequalities to observe visually the portion of the number field that satisfies the inequality. You can plotonly inequalities of one or two variables, and the inequalities must be expressed in terms of x and y. Inequalities ofmore than two variables are treated as parametric inequalities.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the inequality or inequalities you want to plot.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Graph.2.

To plot a single inequality, click Plot Inequality.To plot two or more inequalities, click Plot in 2D.

3.

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Update a graph


A parametric equation is one in which values that are to be plotted are expressed as functions of underlyingparameters. In equations, Microsoft Mathematics treats any variable x, y, and z (or r, , and f ) as a parametricvariable. You can plot expressions of more than three variables and observe how changes in the parametric variablesaffect the behavior of the graph over the plotted region.

Variables in inequalities that can be plotted are limited to x and y. Any other variables are treated as parametricvariables.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression, equation, or inequality you want to plot.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Graph, and then click Plot in 3D or Plot Inequality.2.

You can animate the resulting graph to observe how changing the underlying parametric variables changes the plotof the equation. To animate the graph, do one of the following:

Click the arrow next to the parametric variable selection list. This animates the graph through the rangedisplayed.

a.

Move the slider bar to the point in the range that you want to display.b.

Note

You can change the default beginning and ending animation bounds (0 and 2, respectively) by selecting the valuethat you want to change and entering a new value.

3.

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Update a graph

Update a graph

You can change the display characteristics of a graph in your document.

Select the graph that you want to update.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click the arrow at the bottom of the Graph button, and then click Edit Graph.2.

In the Graph dialog box, make any changes necessary.3.

Click Update.A new picture of the graph is inserted into your document.

4.

Note

You can also double-click the graph to open the Graph dialog box.

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About computing the results of mathematical functions,expressions, and equations

You can use Microsoft Mathematics to calculate the results of standard mathematical functions, such as roots,logarithms, factorials, trigonometric functions, limits, and the sum or product of a series. You can calculate the outputof expressions that contain simple arithmetic and higher-level functions. Depending on the function or expression, thedomain can be real numbers, complex numbers, or both.

Note

When you calculate the value of a function or expression, Microsoft Mathematics inserts into your document a newMath Zone that contains the output.

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Calculate the limit of a function

Calculate the value of a mathematical function


Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the mathematical function you want to calculate.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.2.

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About computing the results of mathematical functions, expressions, and equations



On the Mathematics tab, click the Equation button or press Alt + = to insert a new Math Zone.1.

Enter the expression in the form (x). For example, .2.


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Calculate the sum or product of a series

For the sum, enter the expression in the form . For example, .

For the product, enter the expression in the form . For example, .

1.


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About solving equations and inequalities

You can use Microsoft Mathematics to solve equations and inequalities of one or more variables. When you solveequations, Microsoft Mathematics provides an exact result when possible. Such a result can include irrational numbersin non-reduced form, including radicals or constants like p.

Note

When solving parametric equations, under certain circumstances the results will include conditions that the solvingengine has assumed during evaluation. For example, when you solve the equation ax = b for x the result includes theassumptions that the parametric variables a and b meet the conditions shown:

x = , = 0 and a 0

x = , = 0 and a 0

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Solve an equation or a system of equations

Solve an inequality


Solve an equation of one variable

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation that you want to solve.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Compute.2.

Click Solve for n, where n is the variable for which you are solving.3.

Solve a system of equations

Select all of the equations that you want to solve simultaneously as a system.1.


Click Solve for m, n, ..., t, where m, n, ..., t are the variables for which you are solving.3.

Notes

If the system you are attempting to solve contains more unknown variables than equations, a list of variablecombinations to solve for will be displayed, instead of a single solution option. The solutions will be parameterizedin terms of the non-selected variables.

When you solve a system of equations, the solve function solves equations simultaneously. Therefore, for asolution to exist, it must be valid for all equations simultaneously. For an exact solution to be calculated, theremust be at most as many equations as unknown variables.

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Solve an inequality


Solve an inequality

You can use Microsoft Mathematics to determine the conditions which satisfy an inequality.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the inequality that you want to solve.1.


Click Solve for n, where n is the variable for which you are solving.3.

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About solving equations and inequalities


Test the validity of an equation or inequality

You can test whether an equation or inequality is true or alse. For equations and inequalities, Microsoft Mathematicstests over the domain of real numbers.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation or inequality that you want to test.1.


Click Algebra, and then click Test.3.

Note

The Test option is available only if the equation or inequality is true or false for the domain of all real numbers.

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Expand an expression

Factor an expression or integer


You can use the expand function to compute the expanded form of the product of two or more expressions.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation you want to expand.1.


Click Algebra, and then click Expand.3.

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You can use the factor function to factor polynomial expressions or return the prime factors of an integer.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression or integer you want to factor.1.


Click Algebra, and then click Factor.3.

Note

If the result is the original, unfactored integer, then the integer is prime.

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About differentiation

Microsoft Mathematics can compute the derivative of a mathematical function or polynomial expression. For functionsof more than one variable, you can compute the partial derivative with respect to the specified variable ofdifferentiation.

Note

When you differentiate trigonometric functions, Microsoft Mathematics requires that radians are set as the unit of anglemeasurement. You will receive a message that prompts you to change the angle measurement to radians if it is set todegrees or gradians.

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Calculate derivatives of single-variable expressions

Calculate partial derivatives


Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression for which you want to calculate the derivative.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Differentiate on n, where n is the variable ofdifferentiation.

2.

Or


Enter the expression in differential form, such as (sin(x)).2.


Note

To compute second- or higher-order derivates, repeat the process on the result of the first derivation, or directly enter

the nth-order derivative expression, such as (x + 3x + 4x + 5).

Related topics

Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variable expressions

Calculate a definite integral

Calculate partial derivatives (derivatives of expressions oftwo or more variables)

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation for which you want to calculate the derivative.1.


Click Differentiate, and then click Differentiate on n, where n is the variable of differentiationthat is, thevariable with respect to which you want to calculate the partial derivative.

3.

Or


Enter the expression in differential form, such as (sin(x) cos(y)).2.


Note

To compute second- or higher-order derivates, repeat the process on the result of the first derivation, or directly enter

the nth-order derivative expression, such as (xsin(t)).

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About differentiation


About integrals

Microsoft Mathematics can calculate the indefinite or definite integral of expressions of one or more variables. Theindefinite integral of (x) is any function whose derivative is (x). When calculating indefinite integrals, MicrosoftMathematics includes the arbitrary constant "C" in the result. The definite integral is calculated over the enteredbounds.

Note

When you integrate trigonometric functions, Microsoft Mathematics requires that radians are set as the anglemeasurement. You will receive a message prompting you to change the angle measurement to radians if it is set todegrees or gradians.

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Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variableexpressions

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression you want to integrate.1.

On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Integrate on n, where n is the variable of integration.2.

Or


Enter the expression that you want to integrate in the form (x)dx, such as xdx.2.On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.3.

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About integrals




In the Math Zone, enter a definite integral in the form (x)dx. For example, dx.2.

On the Mathematics tab, click Compute and then click Calculate.3.

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Perform matrix arithmetic

Microsoft Mathematics can calculate the result of simple arithmetical matrix calculations, including addition, subtraction,and multiplication. You can also calculate the result of raising a matrix to a power.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix or matrices for which you want to calculate thearithmetic result.

1.


Example:


Enter the following matrices into the blank equation box:

* +

Note

To increase the number of columns or rows in a matrix, right-click the matrix, click Insert, and select to add a rowor column.

2.


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Transpose a matrix

Calculate the determinant, inverse, or trace of a matrix


Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix for which you want to calculate the determinant,inverse, or trace.

1.


Click Matrix, and then choose Calculate Determinant, Invert Matrix, or Calculate Trace.3.

Note

You can calculate the inverse of a nonsingular, square matrix only. To calculate an inverse, you can also enter the

matrix in the form and then use the Calculate operation.

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Transpose a matrix

Perform matrix arithmetic

Transpose a matrix

The transpose of a matrix is the matrix that results from transposing the rows and columns of a given matrix. The a_ijelement of matrix A is mapped to the a_ji element of the object matrix, where i indicates the row number and jindicates the column number.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix that you want to transpose.1.


Click Matrix, and then click Transpose Matrix.3.

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About list operations

A list in Microsoft Mathematics is a collection of elements, separated by commas and surrounded by curly braces. Theelements of the list can be numbers, variables, or expressions, or a combination of all three. In Microsoft Mathematics,you represent a data set as a list. You can then perform statistical calculations on the data set.

To enter a list, type an opening curly brace ({), enter a series of numbers separated by commas, and then type aclosing curly brace (}).

Notes

Microsoft Mathematics evaluates list elements that it is able to evaluate before it performs requested operations.For example, it evaluates the cos(p) function before it sorts a list that it contains. The evaluated result will beincluded in the sorted list.

Consecutive lists with the same number of members in a single Math Zone are treated as a single list. The value ofthe resulting list is the product of the members of all lists. For example, {1,2,3}{2,4,6} is treated as the list{2,8,18} for statistical and other list operations.

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Sort a list

Calculate the mean, median, or mode of a list of values

Calculate the sum or product of a list

Sort a list

You can sort a list of values. The elements of the list do not need to be the same type. For example, your list canconsist of real and complex numbers, functions, and variable expressions.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the list that you want to sort.1.


Click List, and then click Sort.3.

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Find the minimum or maximum member of a list



Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set on which you want to calculate the mean, median, ormode.

1.


Click List, and then click Mean, Median, or Mode.3.

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Sort a list


Find the least common multiple or greatest common factorof a list of real integers

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set for which you want to calculate the least commonmultiple or the greatest common factor.

1.


Click List, and then click Least Common Multiple or Greatest Common Factor.3.

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Sort a list



The sum calculates the result of adding all the elements of a data set. The product calculates the result of multiplying allthe members of a data set.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set for which you want to calculate the sum or product.1.


Click List, and then click Sum or Product.3.

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Sort a list


Find the minimum or maximum member of a list

The minimum and maximum functions operate on the set of all real numbers and expressions that evaluate to realnumbers. If your data set contains other values, the entire list is returned unevaluated.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set for which you want to calculate the minimum ormaximum.

1.


Click List, and then click Minimum or Maximum.3.

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Sort a list


Calculate the variance or standard deviation

Variance is a statistical measure of the spread or variation of the elements in a data set. Standard deviation is astatistical measure of the amount by which the elements of a data set differ from the arithmetical mean. The variance isthe square of the standard deviation.

Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set on which you want to calculate the variance orstandard deviation.

1.


Click List, and then click Variance or Standard Deviation.3.

Note

Variance and standard deviation can be calculated for all real and complex numbers, as well as for functions thatevaluate to numerical values. For lists that contain variable expressions or functions that cannot be evaluatednumerically, the variance or standard deviation is calculated in terms of both numerical values and non-reduceableexpressions.

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Sort a list


Glossary

averagesee mean

Cartesian coordinatesA pair of coordinates that give the location of a point on a plane (relative to an origin and twoperpendicular axes), or a set of three coordinates that give the location of a point in space (relative to an origin andthree mutually perpendicular planes)

combinationA subset that contains a specified number of the elements of a given set, selected without regard to theorder in which they were chosen

complex numberA number in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i = sqrt(-1) , so that bi is imaginaryunless b = 0

coordinateEach of a set of numbers that together describe the exact position of something with reference to a set ofaxes

cosineFor a given angle in a right triangle, a trigonometric function equal to the length of the side adjacent to the angledivided by the hypotenuse

cylindrical coordinatesA set of three coordinates that specify the position of a point in three dimensions by using polarcoordinates in one plane and specifying the perpendicular distance of the point from the plane

derivativeA function derived from another function so that at each point of the original function, the derivativerepresents the slope of the original function at that point.

determinantThe value computed from a square matrix that determines whether the matrix is singular (has 0determinant) or invertible (has non-zero determinant)

domainThe set of possible values that you can specify for an independent variable in a function

equationA mathematical statement that two expressions, usually separated by an equal sign, are of the same value

exponentA number or variable placed to the upper right of a number or mathematical expression that indicates thenumber of times the number or expression is to be multiplied by itself

expressionAny combination of constants, operators, and variables that represent numbers or quantities, for example,(5 + x)

factorOne of two or more numbers or quantities that can be multiplied together to give a specified number or quantity.For example, 3 and 5 are factors of 15

factorialThe number that results from multiplying a whole number by every whole number between itself and 1inclusive. The factorial is symbolized by the exclamation point (!). 5 factorial, or 5!, is 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120

functionA mathematical relationship between variables in which the value of one variable determines a unique value foranother variable

greatest common factorThe largest number that can be exactly divided into each element of a set of numbers. Thegreatest common factor of 12, 60, and 84 is 12. Also called greatest common divisor

hypotenuseThe longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle

identity matrixA square matrix that has the numeral 1 in each position on the principal diagonal and 0 in all otherpositions

indefinite integralAlso called an anti-derivative, the indefinite integral of a function is the function that has the originalfunction as its derivative.

least common multipleThe lowest whole number that is divisible without a remainder by all of the elements of a set ofnumbers

limitA number that is arbitrarily close to the value of a given function for all values of the function's independentvariable sufficiently close to, but not equal to, a given number (or positive or negative infinity).

listAn ordered set of elements enclosed in braces

logarithmThe power to which a base must be raised to equal a given number

matrixA rectangular array of mathematical elements. For example, the coefficients of linear equations, whose rows andcolumns can be combined with those of other arrays to solve problems

meanThe sum of all the elements of a set divided by the number of elements in the set. Also called arithmetic mean oraverage.

medianThe middle value in a set of statistical values that are arranged in ascending or descending order

modeThe value that has the highest frequency within a statistical range. Also called norm

operationA mathematical process in which entities are derived from others through the application of rules, forexample, subtraction, multiplication, or differentiation

operatorA mathematical symbol, term, or other entity that performs or describes an operation, for example, amultiplication or subtraction sign

parameterIn a mathematical equation, a constant that changes and results in a collection of related curves or surfaces.For example, in the equation y = mx+b, m and b are parameters

parametricOf or pertaining to parameters

parametric equationAn equation in which values to be plotted are expressed as functions of underlying parameters

polar coordinatesA pair of coordinates that locate a point in a plane by specifying the length of a radius vector and theangle it makes with a horizontal line

polynomialA mathematical expression that consists of the sum of a number of terms, each of which contains a constantand variables raised to a positive integral power. Also called multinomial

productThe number that results from multiplying two or more numbers

radian (rad)A unit of angular measurement equivalent to the angle between two radii that enclose a section of a circle'scircumference (arc) equal in length to the length of a radius. There are 2*pi radians in a circle

rangeThe set of values that a function can take on

real numberA number that is either rational or irrational with no imaginary part

seriesA (possibly infinite) sum of indexed terms.

sineFor a given angle in a right triangle, a trigonometric function equal to the length of the side opposite the angledivided by the hypotenuse

spherical coordinatesA set of coordinates used for locating a point in space representing its distance from some originand two angles describing its orientation relative to perpendicular axes extending from that origin

standard deviationA statistical measure of the amount by which a set of values differs from the arithmetical mean,equal to the square root of the mean of the differences' squares

sumThe number that results from adding two or more numbers

traceThe sum of the diagonal entries of a square matrix

transposeA matrix created by interchanging the rows and columns of a previously given matrix

variableA symbol that represents an unspecified or unknown quantity, such as "a," "b," or "x"

varianceA statistical measure of the spread or variation of a group of numbers in a sample, equal to the square of thestandard deviation

vectorA quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Examples of vectors include force and velocity

y-axisThe vertical axis in a two-dimensional coordinate system, also one of the axes in the three-dimensional Cartesiancoordinate system

Getting StartedAbout Microsoft Mathematics Add-inAbout mathematical expressions and evaluationAbout case sensitivity

Working with DataInsert an equation or expressionChange the number field over which an expression is evaluatedSet the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an expressionSpecify the number of decimal places displayed in a result

Plotting Expressions and EquationsAbout plotting expressions and equationsPlot a function, expression, or equationPlot both sides of an equationPlot one or more inequalitiesPlot a parametric expression, equation, or inequalityUpdate a graph

Computing the Results of Mathematical Functions, Expressions, and EquationsAbout computing the results of mathematical functions, expressions, and equationsCalculate the value of a mathematical functionCalculate the limit of a functionCalculate the sum or product of a series

Solving Equations and InequalitiesAbout solving equations and inequalitiesSolve an equation or a system of equationsSolve an inequality

AlgebraTest the validity of an equation or inequalityExpand an expressionFactor an expression or integer

DifferentiationAbout differentiationCalculate derivatives of single-variable expressionsCalculate partial derivatives

IntegralsAbout integralsCalculate an indefinite integral of single-variable expressions Calculate a definite integral

Matrix OperationsPerform matrix arithmeticCalculate the inverse, determinant, or trace of a matrixTranspose a matrix

List OperationsAbout list operationsSort a listCalculate the mean, median, or mode of a list of valuesFind the least common multiple or greatest common factor Calculate the sum or product of a listFind the minimum or maximum member of a listCalculate the variance or standard deviation

Glossary

Microsoft Mathematics Add-In

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