By:-Smriti SinghM.Sc. Biotechnology

•Member of the lily family.

•Around 300 species of Aloe.

•Aloe Vera, Aloe Barbadensis.

•Stemless or short stemmed succulent plant.

•Native to Africa, but is now widespread.

•It is a bitter herb with a wide range of medicinal properties.

•It contains over 75 compounds, many of which are biologically active.

•Out of the 22 amino acids required for the human body, 8 essential amino acids are found in Aloe vera.

In nature, A. vera is propagated through lateral buds which is slow, very expensive and low income practice.

Providing quality planting material to farmers on commercial scale by traditional propagating method is not possible due to 60 per cent sterility and low rate of propagation.

Seeds take around 1-6 months for germination.

Therefore, there is a need to develop suitable and alternative method for traditional propagation like in vitro propagation including tissue and organ culture is used for rapid multiplication of plants for genetic improvement of crops, for obtaining disease-free clones and for progressive valuable germplasm.

In-vivo regeneration is too slow and insufficient to meet the industrial demand.

Mass propagation through in vitro micropropagation gives an attractive strategy to fulfill the commercial demand for planting material.

Establishment of shoot culture.

To study the effect of different growth regulators on in-vitro multiplication of Aloe vera.

To study the effect of different growth regulators on in-vitro rooting of

Aloe vera.

Genetic fidelity testing of in-vitro raised plants.

In vitro propagation of Aloevera

Running healthy suckers of Aloevera were used as explants which were taken from CPB HISSAR.

Inoculation on establishment media.

Transfer to the MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, KIN, IAA, NAA and IBA which were used for shoot multiplication.

After 21 days the regenerated shoots were transferred onto media containing

different concentrations of auxins for root induction.

Hardening

Transfer to field

Assessment of Genetic Fidelity testing

For this purpose, 6 in vitro raised, hardened plants(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6) were chosen randomly from the population and compared with the mother plant (M) from which the explants were taken.

DNA Isolation

For DNA isolation CTAB method was usedTable 1: RAPD primers used for studying Genetic Fidelity in Aloevera

  

S.No Primer Sequence

1. OPA-08 5'<GTGACGTAGG>3'

2. OPC-16 5'<CACACTCCAG>3'

3. OPD-05 5'<TGAGCGGACA>3'

4. OPL-18 5'<ACCACCCACC>3'

5. OPN-3 5'<GGTGCACGTT>3'

1. Initial Denaturation 94°C for 5 min.

2. Denaturation 94°C for 30 sec.

3. Annealing 35°C for 1 min., 36 cycles

4. Extension 72°C for 2 min.

5. Final Extension 72°C for 5 min.

6. Hold 4°C for 5 min

1. DNA templates 1.0 µL

2. Primers 1.0µL

3. 2.5 mM dNTPs 2.0µL

4. 1.5 mM MgCl2 1.5µL

5. 10X PCR buffer 2.5µL

6. Sterilized D/W 16.5µL

7. Taq polymerase 0.5µL

Table 3: Reactions were run with the following cycling conditions:

• Surface sterilization of explants

• Establishment of aseptic culture :Data for percentage survival and contamination were recorded after 21st day of inoculation. On 21st day of inoculation 83% survival and 17 % contamination was reported.

Figure 1: Shoot regeneration from Shoot tip explants on standard regeneration media

The regenerated explants were further cultured on standard multiplication media {MS + BAP (1.0mg/l) + NAA (0.5mg/l)}. After sufficient multiplication the shoots were transferred on medium fortified with different concentration of growth regulators and data were recorded for number of shoots after fixed interval of time i.e. 7th, 14th

, 21st day of inoculation.

Figure 2: Shoot multiplication after 16th day and 24th day of culture on AM2(1.0mg/l BAP) medium respectively.

Table 4: Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro multiplication of Aloe vera (number of shoots)

After 21 days the regenerated shoots were transferred onto media containing different concentrations of auxin, data were recorded.

Figure 3: Root induction from regenerated shoots after 15th day

Table 5: Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro rooting of Aloe vera

The well rooted plantlets of Aloe vera were separated from the culture bottles, washed and transferred to polybags containing mixture of sand + soil + vermicompost in 3:1:1 for hardening. The 100% survival was recorded after 15th day of transplanting.

Figure 4: Hardened plants of Aloe vera on 15th day of transplanting.

• A better analysis of genetic stability of plantlets can be made by using DNA markers which amplify different regions of the genome. Hence, in the present study, PCR based techniques; RAPD was adopted for evaluation of clonal fidelity of Aloe vera plantlets.

Figure 5: Agarose gel electrophoresis of RAPD fragments of in vitro regenerated plantlets(A1-A6) from mother plant (M) showing monomorphic bands generated by primer OPA-08

In our present study the number of scorable - bands for each RAPD primers are same from sample1 (M) to sample 7(A6). The 2 RAPD primers generated a unique set of amplification products. No polymorphism was detected during the RAPD analysis of in-vitro raised plantlets of Aloe vera L..

The present study is aimed to test the “Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro

propagation and Testing of genetic fidelity of in vitro raised plantlets of Aloe vera L.” The findings of the experimentation achieved during the present investigation are summarized as under:

The running suckers were used as explants for in vitro propagation of Aloe vera. The survival percentage of explants was obtained 83% when the explants were surface

sterilized with 0.2% bavistin & 0.2% streptocyclin (45 minutes) and 0.1% mercuric chloride (4 minutes).

Total of 22 different combinations of MS media with BAP, KIN, NAA, IAA and IBA were used for in vitro multiplication of Aloevera.

Maximum shoot multiplication response was observed (11.6 shoots) on MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l BAP. Results of shoot multiplication concluded that it is better to use BAP instead of KIN.

Average no. of days required for was 8 days on half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l NAA. Results concluded that NAA is better and more effective for rooting.

Survival rate of regenerated plantlets transferred to potting mixture containing sand + soil + vermicompost (3:1:1) was 100%.

Genetic fidelity testing showed that in-vitro raised plants and mother plant from where explants have been taken are true to the type.

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