Microphone. Objectives Describe the main characteristics of any microphone: directionality, element,...
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Transcript of Microphone. Objectives Describe the main characteristics of any microphone: directionality, element,...
Objectives Describe the main characteristics of any microphone: directionality, element, impedance, and frequency response.
Describe a variety of microphone formats and and several situations that would require the use of each microphone.
Objectives
Demonstrate the proper use of microphones .
Create an on-camera interview segment using a camcorder, a microphone, and a tripod.
Microphones
Microphones are designed to work in different settings.
There is no “best” or “perfect” microphones for all situations.
Tie-pin microphone
“Collection” and “Selection”
Develop a collection of microphones, and select the best microphone for each situation.
Just like a fisherman has a variety of lures in his tackle box, a TV studio should have several microphones.
Microphone Directionality
Unidirectional – collects most of the sound from the front, and very little from the back and sides.
Microphone Element
Dynamic ElementDurable Good with loud noisesGood/average soundqualityUsually handheld
Microphone Element
Condenser Element Excellent sound qualityMore fragile Not as good with sound A favorite of singers
Microphones
Condenser microphones require a power source.
Electret condenser – power from a battery
Phantom-power condenser- power from the audio mixer
Microphone Impedance
High impedanceLow impedance
The two are not compatible!
The impedance of the microphones must match the impedance of the system.
Microphone Impedance
High Impedance• Portable audio systems• Consumer and some
professional camcorders• Cable runs of 30 feet and
less
Microphone Impedance
Low Impedance• High quality • Professional audio systems
(theatres, TV, studios, etc.)• Professional camcorders• Longer cables runs
Microphone Impedance
Low impedance systems almost always use the XLR connector.
High impedance systems almost us ¼ inch phone connector or 1/8 inch mini connectors.
Connectors:
Microphone impedance
Some microphones are dual-impedance – they can be switched from high to low impedance using a 3-way on/off switch.
Microphone Impedance
A match line transformer can beused to convert the impedanceof a microphone.
This example converts a low impedance microphone to high impedance. A high-to-low transformer is also available.
Microphone Frequency Response
A microphone ability tohear tones (high and low) across the audible spectrum.
Microphone Frequency Response
The human ear can hear the range of 20Hz (low bass notes) to 20,000Hz (high notes).
Microphone Frequency Response
Microphones can be compared to that range.
Generally speaking, condenser microphones have a better frequency response than dynamic microphones.
Microphones
Describing each microphone:1. Directionality2. Element3. Impedance 4. Frequency Response
Types of Microphones (microphones formats)
Available in…Omni directional and
unidirectional, Dynamic and condenser,High impedance and low
impedance,Various frequency
ranges.
Handheld Microphones
Types of Microphones (microphones formats)
Omni directional ,Almost always condenser ,Advantages:1.Small size2.Hands-free3.No skill require
Lavaliere (Tie-Pin) Microphone
Types of Microphones (microphones formats)
Flat back, designed to lay flat on a table.
Great for recording group discussions.
Surface Mount Microphone
Types of Microphones (microphones formats)
Extremely unidirectional microphone Great for videotaping guest speaker and presentations Can be camera mounted Wear headphones!
Shotgun Microphone
Types of Microphones (microphones formats)
Components: -Microphones -Transmitter -Receiving station
Transmitter and receiving station tuned to the same radio frequency
Wireless Microphone System
Types of Microphones (microphones formats)
Handheld or lavaliereA favorite of entertainers and
reportersBe aware of power needs.Environmental factors can
impact range.Practice with your wire less
microphone system in a variety of situations.
Wireless Microphone System
Using microphones
Know your microphones. Select the best microphones for each situation.
Wear headphones.
Using Microphones
Carefully connect your microphone. Don’t put the excessive weight of adapters onto the microphone jack.
Using microphone extension cable instead.