MicroMetMicroMet - - adcadc Doppler Weather RadarDoppler Weather Radar

An Exciting Partnership for Weather An Exciting Partnership for Weather RadarsRadars

MicroMet-ADC Doppler RadarsMicroMet-ADC Doppler Radars We specialize in the designing & building of S & C-Band Doppler Weather We specialize in the designing & building of S & C-Band Doppler Weather

Radars including the Radars including the FULLY SOLID STATEFULLY SOLID STATE C - Band Doppler Weather C - Band Doppler Weather Radars.Radars.

MicroMet-ADC radars are designed to detect precipitation, make velocity MicroMet-ADC radars are designed to detect precipitation, make velocity measurements, and measure the variations of the refractive index in the measurements, and measure the variations of the refractive index in the atmosphere that may be generated by local variations of temperature or atmosphere that may be generated by local variations of temperature or humidity.humidity.

They have the capability of determining the phase difference between the They have the capability of determining the phase difference between the transmitted and received pulse. The difference is a measure of the mean transmitted and received pulse. The difference is a measure of the mean Doppler velocity of the particles.Doppler velocity of the particles.

They can be used for:They can be used for:(a) Severe weather detection, tracking and warning;(a) Severe weather detection, tracking and warning;(b) Surveillance of synoptic and mesoscale weather systems;(b) Surveillance of synoptic and mesoscale weather systems;(c) Estimation of precipitation amounts.(c) Estimation of precipitation amounts.

MicroMet-adc

MicroMetMicroMet--adcadc FIRSTS FIRSTS

First fully coherent Doppler radar First fully coherent Doppler radar First & only First & only FULLYFULLY solid state Doppler radar solid state Doppler radar First PC based Doppler radar displayFirst PC based Doppler radar display First GUI interface for a Doppler weather radar First GUI interface for a Doppler weather radar First & only 32-bit High Resolution Doppler radar displayFirst & only 32-bit High Resolution Doppler radar display First real-time integration of Lightning and Doppler radar dataFirst real-time integration of Lightning and Doppler radar data First fully integrated real-time storm trackingFirst fully integrated real-time storm tracking First LINUX based Doppler radar displayFirst LINUX based Doppler radar display Widest Range from Portable to 12ft Dish Antenna RadarsWidest Range from Portable to 12ft Dish Antenna Radars

MicroMet-adc

MicroMet-adc

• ADC has been in Radar business since 1982.

• MicroMet has been in Met business since 1980.

• Worldwide clients in diverse industries.

• >380 Radars in the field worldwide

• NATO/AFSOC• U.S. Navy• MET Departments• Raytheon

• NASA (Highest Possible Supplier Rating)

• U.S. Air Force AN/FMQ-18(v)

• Offshore drill ships• Power companies

• Lockheed • FedEx• Broadcast /

Television

MicroMet-adc

Market PrevalenceMarket Prevalence

The majority of Doppler Weather Radars today are ADC The majority of Doppler Weather Radars today are ADC systems.systems.

More customers use ADC systems than all of our More customers use ADC systems than all of our competitors COMBINED!competitors COMBINED!

98% of our radars are still in operation.98% of our radars are still in operation.

– INCLUDING the very first one! INCLUDING the very first one!

We sold more C band weather radar systems worldwide We sold more C band weather radar systems worldwide from 2000 to 2004 than all other weather radar vendors from 2000 to 2004 than all other weather radar vendors combined.combined.

MicroMet-adc

MicroMet – ADC Types of Doppler RadarsMicroMet – ADC Types of Doppler Radars

1.1. S - Band Upgraded “NEXRAD” - The Ultimate In S - Band Upgraded “NEXRAD” - The Ultimate In Doppler Weather Radars – Uses US Govt. Doppler Weather Radars – Uses US Govt. Developed Radar Product AlgorithmsDeveloped Radar Product Algorithms

2.2. C - Band Fully Solid State Radars – In Different C - Band Fully Solid State Radars – In Different Sizes – From Portable to 12 ft. Size Antenna Sizes – From Portable to 12 ft. Size Antenna RadarsRadars

MicroMet-adc

MicroMet S- Band Doppler RadarMicroMet S- Band Doppler Radar Up-Graded NEXRAD - Klystron Based System (No Magnetron Tubes)Up-Graded NEXRAD - Klystron Based System (No Magnetron Tubes) Low Power – Full Range Radars – 650 KW Peak PowerLow Power – Full Range Radars – 650 KW Peak Power The Largest Antenna Dish for Doppler Weather Radars – 8.56 m The Largest Antenna Dish for Doppler Weather Radars – 8.56 m Only Doppler Radar with US Government Developed AlgorithmsOnly Doppler Radar with US Government Developed Algorithms Only Doppler Weather Radar for Tropospheric Wind ProfilingOnly Doppler Weather Radar for Tropospheric Wind Profiling Cloud InversionsCloud Inversions Only Doppler Radar that will Detect Smoke, Fire, & Explosions Only Doppler Radar that will Detect Smoke, Fire, & Explosions Only Doppler Radar that Detects Gust Front/Sea Breeze/Fronts, & Wind Shifts Rainfall Accumulation 1 Hr, 3 Hr, Storm Vortex - Highly accurate severe storm warnings with long lead time User Selectable, Storm Totals Using Unique Algorithms Flash Flood Forecasting Precipitation Intensity Precipitation (Onset, Duration, Ending) Stage II and III Precipitation Processing Automatic On-line Calibration Function: to make automatic online calibration in

noise, noise/ temperature, velocity/pulse width, transmission power, antenna power, reflectivity, clutter suppression (each scan).Only Doppler Weather Radar that will Detect Birds, & Insects

1 deg Beam Width1 deg Beam Width

MicroMet-adc

S-Band Radar ProductsS-Band Radar Products

Most Extensive Range of Radar Products Most Extensive Range of Radar Products More Than 115 Different Products – Pls. More Than 115 Different Products – Pls.

See List AttachedSee List Attached

S-Band System ConfigurationS-Band System Configuration

Fully Solid State C-Band RadarsFully Solid State C-Band Radars

MicroMet ADC – The Only FULLY Solid MicroMet ADC – The Only FULLY Solid State Low Power / Full Range C-Band State Low Power / Full Range C-Band Doppler Weather Radar Doppler Weather Radar

Solid State vs. TubesSolid State vs. Tubes

Magnetron Tube RadarMagnetron Tube Radar– 1940’s tube technology1940’s tube technology– Intermittent dataIntermittent data– like an old scratchy recordlike an old scratchy record

MicroMet-adc Radar MicroMet-adc Radar SystemSystem– digital, 100% solid-statedigital, 100% solid-state– clean, reliable dataclean, reliable data– like a cdlike a cd

MicroMet-adc

Maintenance CostsMaintenance CostsSolid State Solid State vsvs. Tubes. Tubes

The MicroMet-ADC DopRad® radar system is solid The MicroMet-ADC DopRad® radar system is solid statestate– We don’t use tubes at all.We don’t use tubes at all.

MTBF: > 25,000 Hrs.MTBF: > 25,000 Hrs.

The competition? 1940’s TUBE “technology”The competition? 1940’s TUBE “technology”– Many others use 3 tube systemsMany others use 3 tube systems– Long term ownership costs - including repair and hardware Long term ownership costs - including repair and hardware

maintenance - could exceed $500,000 over ten years.maintenance - could exceed $500,000 over ten years.

– $18,333 for a ‘Rebuilt’ magnetron$18,333 for a ‘Rebuilt’ magnetron– $30,000 for a new Transmitter / Receiver tube$30,000 for a new Transmitter / Receiver tube– $30,000 to have a new spare on hand$30,000 to have a new spare on hand

MicroMet-adc

Solid State Doppler Weather RadarSolid State Doppler Weather RadarWHY?WHY?

How do we do it? Larger penetrating pulse widths and incredibly sensitive receiver offsets How do we do it? Larger penetrating pulse widths and incredibly sensitive receiver offsets power differences.power differences.

Better Technology: Fully coherent (transmitter and receiver)Better Technology: Fully coherent (transmitter and receiver) Lower costLower cost More reliableMore reliable Reduced microwave dangersReduced microwave dangers Reduced interference issuesReduced interference issues MOST OF ALL – MUCH MUCH LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION & RUNNING COSTMOST OF ALL – MUCH MUCH LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION & RUNNING COST If YOU had a tube based radar (3 different tubes), YOU would be spending $ 30K/year (to If YOU had a tube based radar (3 different tubes), YOU would be spending $ 30K/year (to

stay in spec) for tubes alone. Not to mention the huge difference in power consumption and stay in spec) for tubes alone. Not to mention the huge difference in power consumption and cost. cost.

No Back-Up Power Generator Required.No Back-Up Power Generator Required.

MicroMet-adc

Repair EnhancementsRepair Enhancements

- - Faster repair timeFaster repair time

- Less expensive- Less expensive Lower repair costsLower repair costs Shorter rental timeShorter rental time

– Extending life of equipmentExtending life of equipment– Enhancing performance with MicroMet-ADC Enhancing performance with MicroMet-ADC

modsmods

(Such as RF mod and 16 level)(Such as RF mod and 16 level)

Faster, Better, CheaperFaster, Better, Cheaper

MicroMet-adc

State of the Art GraphicsState of the Art Graphics

MicroMet–ADC ImageMicroMet–ADC Image

MicroMet-adc

Advanced FeaturesAdvanced Features Storm Path AnalyserStorm Path Analyser Dual / Triple Composite RadarsDual / Triple Composite Radars Severe Turbulence Alert SystemSevere Turbulence Alert System Range Height Indicators (RHI)Range Height Indicators (RHI) Mean Radial Velocity (MRV)Mean Radial Velocity (MRV) Animation Loop ReplayAnimation Loop Replay Accumulated Precipitation Accumulated Precipitation VAD/VVP (VAD/VVP (Velocity Azimuth Display / Velocity Volume Processing) Velocity Azimuth Display / Velocity Volume Processing) Real Time Hail IndicatorReal Time Hail Indicator Dynamic Range - 80DBZ With 16 Levels - Benefit Increased DataDynamic Range - 80DBZ With 16 Levels - Benefit Increased Data Gain TrackingGain Tracking 1 Deg Beam Width1 Deg Beam Width <1 db Noise Figure<1 db Noise Figure Integrated Live Lightening DisplayIntegrated Live Lightening Display Street Level MappingStreet Level Mapping

MicroMet-adc

Advanced & Unique FeaturesAdvanced & Unique Features

MicroMet-adc

Storm Tracking Storm Tracking At Sea

Street Level Mapping

Advanced & Unique FeaturesAdvanced & Unique Features

MicroMet-adc

LIGHTENING INGEST & DISPLAY RHI DISPLAY

SEVERE WEATHER ALERT DUAL / TRIPLE DOPPLER COMPOSITE

Advanced & Unique FeaturesAdvanced & Unique Features

MicroMet-adc

MESOCYCLONE DISPLAY MICROBURST DISPLAY 3D IMAGES

TACTICAL RADAR MARINE RADAR RADAR FOR OIL RIGS

MicroMet-adc

This is a diagnostic toolThis is a diagnostic tool

MicroMet-adc

Beam Filling Radar Range Equation

MDS = -135dBm @ 20 micro seconds

For false alarm rate <1 X 106

(Due to integration in range and Azimuth)

Due to integration of beam shape

1/r2 beam filling constraint

Reflectivity factor

lossespulse width

beam width3dB

for monostatic “pencil beam” single antennatransmit power =

(transmission, atmospheric attenuation, etc.)

(NOTE LINEAR TERM!)

NOTE

(because the target cross section

had a r r term in beam

filling changing the relationship

to 1/r2)

(goes as K/ )

MicroMet-adc

Power and AttenuationPower and Attenuation

Power is only one term in the radar range equation and has no more weight than pulse width or receiver sensitivity. Therefore, a radar with 1000 times more power will produce the same range as a radar that has 100 times more sensitive receiver and 10 times bigger pulse width (all else being equal). A MicroMet-adc radar is low power 200W (intentionally and at great design costs), but has up to 100 times more sensitive receiver (approximately 20dB) and up to 10 times larger penetrating pulse width (than some magnetron based systems) - approximately 10dB, thus, 10 X 100=1000=30dB.

MicroMet-adc

Attenuation depends on temperature and wavelength, not power. It is also a function of rainfall rate and length of path. Punching power attenuation arguments for using low efficiency (microwave radiation hazard and RF interference generating) 250KW magnetrons are very misleading. C-Band attenuation for most scenarios is being overstated. One way attenuation for 5.5 cm (5.4GHz) at 0°C =(.1349 dB/sm)/(inch/hr)**, thus, 100miles of 20dBZ rain (.026 inches/hr) will produce a two way attenuation of just .7dB and 10 miles of 40dBZ returns (1.02 inches/hr) results in a two way loss of just 2.75dB. (For a 10cm NEXRAD the attenuation is (.0376dB/sm)/(inch/hr) which results in .2dB and .76dB respectively. Therefore, the requirement for 1000 times (30dBZ) more punching power in terms of attenuation compensation is ludicrous. In addition, MicroMet-ADC systems have PAC Path Attenuation Compensation that helps reduce some of the effect of attenuation through intervening rain.

The higher the frequency (shorter wavelength) the more attenuation, so if other vendors operate at frequencies higher than 5440 MHz (and they do) they have greater attenuation through intervening rain than the MicroMet-ADC system.

**Derived from Reinhardt, Radar for Meteorologists 1997, pg. 160 Using Mueller-Jones 5.5 cm, 0°C.

MicroMet-adc

Salient Features of Our Signal Processing

- Special Matched filters where large pulse width produce MDS of -135dB

- DVIP Digital Video Integration Processing (“integration in azimuth”)

Reduces variance of reflectivity returns

Improves signal to noise

- Pulse compression and/or “integration in range” : N improvement or better

(for 50% fill fa = 20 X 10-6)

N to N

σ = 5.7dB

N

Up to 16 reflectivity levels

16 Mean Velocity levels

- Qualifiers: “random isolated sample” improves “system MDS”

Range normalization and PAC (Path Attenuation Compensation)1

R2

- Pulse pair processing for turbulence and mean radial velocity

- Clutter filtering (two stage filters)

(depends on correlation)

-

MicroMet-adc

MicroMet-adc

MicroMetMicroMet--adcadc Doppler Weather RadarDoppler Weather Radar

An Exciting Partnership for Weather An Exciting Partnership for Weather RadarsRadars