Microclimatological Instrumentation.
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Transcript of Microclimatological Instrumentation.
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Microclimatological Instrumentation
Lethbridge Microclimate Station (Flanagan)
Trent Weather Station (Lafleur)
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Example of Coulee WeatherStation(Letts)
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Tipping Bucket Raingauge
Each ‘tip’ is logged bythe datalogger
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TippingBucketRaingaugeMechanism
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Old Fashioned Raingauge
Parque MunchiqueCauca, Colombia
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LakeviewRidge,
Waterton LakesNational Park
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Temperature Measurement
Thermocouple
•2 wires of different composition joined by an electrical source•Electrical resistance sensitive to temperature•Resistance is measured and coverted to temperature information
Thermister
•The hotter it gets, the less power it lets through•Resistance is measured and converted to temperature information
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Temperature and Relative Humidity
Temperature and RH sensors housed in Gill Radiation Shield
Relative humidity sensordetects vapour adsorption onto a sulfonated polystyrene surface
Temperature Sensor:thermister
Function of Shields:Protect sensor from radiation (especially incoming shortwave and outgoing longwave radiation) while allowing air to pass.
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Stevenson Shield
An earlier radiation shield often used with wet and drybulb thermometers
Photo: Trent Weather Station
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Rainfall and Snowfall Measurements
Precipitation Gauge with Nipher Shield
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Wind Speed and Direction
Cup anemometersignal frequency converted to windspeed
Wind vane
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Sonic anemometer
Sound waves measure wind speed and temperature
Time of flight for a sonic impulse to travel from atransmitting to a receiving transducer in both directions determines wind speedand direction
SonicTransducers
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Why is thissonic anemometerplaced so much higher than it would be placedover a grasslandor a peatland ?
Source: University of Colorado(African savanna site)
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Micrometeorological Tower
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Yikes !
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Radiation MeasurementsShields made of materials appropriate for desired wavelength(eg. polyethylene for net radiation – transparent to both longwave and shortwave energy)
Millivolt signals areproportional to the radiation level
Net radiometer
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PyranometerMeasures solar radiation onplanar surface
PyrgeometerMeasures infrared (longwave)radiation
UV-B RadiometerMeasures ultraviolet solar radiationon planar surface
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Field Station
Tambito al Cocal River
Base camp2º30´25´´N, 77º00´02´´W, 1450 m
Photo taken from microclimate station
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Juntas,El Tambo,Cauca,Colombia
901 m asl
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Radiation Measurements
Also: pyranometer for broadband incoming radiation
L
L K
K (not visible)
UV-A
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Radiation Data0
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S o la r T im e
F ig u re
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L R FT M C F d ryT M C F w e t
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More radiation sensors…
Source: University of Colorado
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Diffuse Radiation
Measured using a shade disk
Radiation from entire sky except from within 3 of Sun
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Heat Flux Plate
Senses conductive heat transmission in the mediumwithin which it is buried
Used for soil energy balance studies
Voltage proportional to heat flux throughplate
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Sensible and Latent Heat FluxesEddy correlation
•Sonic anemometer measurements of vertical velocity and temperature
•Krypton hygrometer measurements of water vapour density
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Krypton Hygrometer
Source emits in the 121-122 nm range for which absorption by water vapour is strong and other gases do not absorb
Detector senses amount of radiation received inthis range
Baseline established by conventional measurements
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“Leaf’ Wetness Sensor
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Figure 5.11a Average leaf wetness at 2.5, 5.0 and 10m height within the canopy of the Bosque station.
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Proportional leaf wetness
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Figure 5.11b Complex pattern of leaf wetness at 2.5, 5.0 and 10m height within the canopy of the Bosque station.from August 9 to September 9, 1999.
9 Aug 19 Aug 29 Aug 7 Sept
Proportional leaf wetness
Day
Leaf Wetness Data
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Downloading data from the datalogger…
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Ideally, this is how it’s supposed to look…
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Power Supplies
Closed Path IRGAS
Data Acquisition Computer
CalibrationEquipment
Equipment Rack
(CO2/H20 Analyzers)
Source: Dr. Larry Flanagan
Nice and organized !
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Photosynthesis MeasurementsWeather stations often support ecological or biological research
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Other fieldwork related problems…
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… turned out to be a ‘false’ Coral (phew!)