Microbiology & Immunology Department Specification Microbiology.pdf · Microbiology & Immunology...

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لع جامعة مصر للتكنولوجيام وا لوCourse Specification جامعة مصرلتكنولوجيام والعلو ل كلي ة الوم الصيدلية عل والتصنيع الدوا ئى2015 - 2016 ن الجودة وحدة ضماMicrobiology & Immunology Department

Transcript of Microbiology & Immunology Department Specification Microbiology.pdf · Microbiology & Immunology...

للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة مصر Course Specificationلوم والتكنولوجيا جامعة مصر للع

وحدة ضمان الجودة2016 - 2015 ئى والتصنيع الدوا علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

Microbiology & Immunology

Department

للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة مصر Course Specificationلوم والتكنولوجيا جامعة مصر للع

وحدة ضمان الجودة2016 - 2015 ئى والتصنيع الدوا علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

MICR211

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Basic Information

Program (s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

College offering the program College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Academic year / level Second Year / First Semester

Course title Basic Microbiology

Course code Micro 211

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: (2), Practical: (2), Total 3

Course coordinator Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Major or Minor element of programmes Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

A. Professional Information

1- Overall aims of course

The aim of the course is to provide students with the basic knowledge of principle and

foundation of microbiology: its history, origins and the basic concepts of microbial

classification, identification, structure, nutrition, metabolism, microbial genetics with

emphasis on molecular biology.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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2- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

A- Knowledge and understanding

By the end of this course, the students should be able to :

a1. Define the principle of-Basic microbiology including: History ,evolution of

microbiology, classification and identification of microorganisms.

a2- Explain bacterial structure

a3-Describe microbial growth , metabolism and culture medium.

a4- Discuss microbial genetics and its application.

a5-Summarize recombinant technology concerning bacteria and its application.

B- Intellectual skills

By the end of this course, the students should be:

b1- Differentiate the microorganism morphology.

b2-. Describe the culture characteristics.

b3. Relate bacterial structures and the microorganism pathogenesis.

C-Professional and Practical Skills

By the end of this course, the students should be able to:

c1- Using microscopic skills.

c2- Capable of using different staining techniques.

c3- Isolate the bacterial specimen into pure colonies.

c4- Identification of bacterial colonies.

D- General and Transferable Skills

By the end of this course, the students should be able to:

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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d1- Provide training in the theoretical and practical aspects of basic microbiology and

immunology covering isolation and identification of microorganisms, serology and

genetic techniques.

d2- Relate microorganisms to phenomenon..

d3- Apply principle to new microbial problems which are encountered.

3 .Contents

Topic No.

of hours Lecture

Tutorial/

Practical

Part I: General microbiology

Topics covered in this part include:

-The Development of Microbiology 1

-Classification and Identification of Microorganisms 9

-The Structure of Bacteria 24

-Nutritional Requirements for Microbial Growth 42

-Effect of Environmental Factors on Microbial Growth 53

-The Diversity of Microbial Metabolism 65

-Microbial Growth and Population Dynamics

Part II: Microbial genetics 82

Topics covered in the this part include :

Chemical composition of the genetic material

DNA as the genetic material

Molecular structure of DNA

DNA replication

Protein synthesis and its regulation

Microbial variation

Molecular biology of cancer

Recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning

Microbial genome and genomic library

12

12

6

6

12

Total 24 12 12

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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4- Teaching and Learning Methods

4.1- Lectures (Power point)

4.2- Practical periods

4.3- Tutorials

5- Student Assessment Methods

5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual

skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable

skills

Assessment Schedule

Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Practical Examination…………………12th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

Weighing of Assessments

Final-term Examination 30%

Mid-term Examination 16.7%

Oral Examination. 10 %

Practical Examination 30%

Semster work 13.3%

6. List of References

6.1- Course Notes

Lecture Notes in Basic Microbiology and Immunology for third year

students

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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prepared by staff members of the Department of Microbiology and

Immunology

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

* Totora, G. J..; Funke, B. R. and Case, C. I. Microbiology an introduction.

Addison Weley Longman, Inc.

* Michael P. Doyle - Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers

6.3- Recommended Books

* Tammy S. Race McCormick The Essentials of Microbiology (Research and

Education Association (1998)

6.4- Periodicals, Web Sites, etc

* http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/microbiology

* http://www.asm.org/

7. Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Overhead projector, computer aided data show, stereo and oil immersion

microscopes.

Coordinator of Course: Dr. Medhat Mansour Menshawy

Head of department Prof. Dr. Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date : 1/9/2015

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

MICR 212

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

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Department of Microbiology & Immunology

A. Basic Information

Program(s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences & Industrial

Pharmacy

Department offering the course Microbiology & Immunology department

College offering the program College of pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Microbiology & Immunology department

Academic year / level

Course title Parasitology

Course code Micr 212

Contact hours (credit hours) Lecture: (1), Practical: (2), Total: 2 credit hours

Course coordinator Dr. Medhat Mansour Menshawy

Major or Minor element of programs Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

B. Professional Information

The course aim and intended learning outcomes are based on that mentioned in the program

specifications, with more course-related specific details.

1-Overall Aims of Course By the end of this course, the students should be able to:

know and understand all scientific disciplines and possession of skills and beliefs that are

required for diagnosis, treatment & control of parasitic infections efficiently and correctly. They

should know the taxonomy, habitat, morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, clinical picture,

diagnosis & treatment of Trematodes, Cestodes, Nematodes & Protozoa of medical importance.

They should be able to know Arthropods that are biological vectors of important human

pathogens & their control.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

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2-Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)

A-Knowledge and Understanding:

By the end of the course, the students should be able to:

a1- describe the principle of taxonomy of various parasites.

a2- Explain concept and principle of most medically important infectious diseases related to

parasitic infection; including etiology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis and clinical

symptoms, immunogenicity, laboratory diagnosis as well as prophylaxis, control and treatment

with emphasis on and basic immunology

B-Intellectual Skills

By the end of the course, the students should be able to:

b1- Categories appropriate methods for infection control for different parasitic diseases and

improve public health.

C-Professional and / or Practical Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

c1- Recognize common disease states and make appropriate response to presented symptoms.

D-General and Transferable Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

d1- Evaluate and make decision to deal with different problems of parasitic diseases.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

3

3. Course Contents

Tutorial/

Practical No.

Lecture

No

Topic

2

2

General introduction to parasitology

Intestinal protozoa: Entamebea histolytica ,Balantidium

coli, Trichomonas vaginalis,

Giardia lamblia.

2

3

Blood protozoa: Leishmania, Trypanosome,Plasmodium

and Toxoplasma; pathogensis, lifecycles, treatment,

prevention and control.

2

1

Trematodes: Fasciola and Heterophus

heterophus; Liver, intestinal flukes: etiology,pathogensis,

Mid-term Examination

2

2

Cestodes: etiology, pathogensis, life cycles,treatment,

prevention and control.

2

1

Intestinal nematodes I: etiology, pathogensis,life cycles,

treatment, prevention and control.

Tissue nematodes: etiology, pathogenesis, life cycles,

treatment, prevention and control.

2

1

Intestinal nematodes II: etiology, pathogensis,

life cycles, treatment, prevention and control.

Tissue nematodes: etiology, pathogensis, life

cycles, treatment, prevention and control.

2

1

Intestinal nematodes III: etiology,

pathogenesis, life cycles, treatment, prevention and control

Tissue nematodes: etiology, pathogenesis, life cycles,

treatment, prevention and control

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

4

2

1

Introduction to Arthropodes , Diptera & Hemiptera.

Final-term Examination

4. Teaching and Learning Methods

4.1- Lectures (board and data show)

4.2- Discussion sessions

4.3- Laboratories

4.4- Assignments

Others: Some related problems are arisen in class and students are invited to solve them in

groups and through the net and discuss their solutions with the instructor.

5. Student Assessment Methods

5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable skills

Assessment Schedule Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid- Exa i a i …………… …7-8th week

P a i a Exa i a i …………………12th week

Final- Exa i a i ……………….14-16th week

O a Exa i a i …………………….14-16th week

Weighing Assessments Quizzes ………………………………......13.33 %

Mi xa i a i ………………….16.66 %

P a i a Exa i a i …………………….30%

Final- Exa i a i …………………. 30 %

O a Exa i a i ………………………..10 %

T a …………………………………. 100%

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

5

6- List of References

6.1- Course Notes

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

Skye Weintraub, ND "The Parasite Menace""; Woodland Publishing 2000

South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell,

London.

Valerie Saxion "Everybody Has Parasites"; Bronze Bow Publishing 2003.

http://www.psych.org/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf.

Accessed 25 June 2007.

Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Thevenet D, Nourry C, Nottin S,

Bosquet L (2009) Eur J Appl Physiol 105:731-738. doi: 10.1007/s00421-

008-0955-8.

http://www.parasitology.org/parasitology lecture notes.

7.Facilities Required for teaching and learning

Lecture rooms

Data show

Computers

Internet Access point in lectures rooms

Coordinator of Course: Dr. Medhat Mansour Menshawy

Head of department Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date : 1/9/2015

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specificationجامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة 2016 -2015 الدوائى والتصنيع ة العلوم الصيدليةكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

MICR213

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

صر للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة م Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 1 -

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Basic Information

Programme(s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

College offering the programme College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Academic year / level Second Year / Second Semester

Course title Immunology

Course code Micr 213

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: (2), Practical: (0), Total 2

Course coordinator Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Major or Minor element of programmes Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

A. Professional Information

1- Overall aims of course

This course aims and intends to provide concise information about most medically

important infectious diseases related to different groups. For each disease the biology

of the viral etiological agent(s), mode of transmission, pathogenesis and clinical

symptoms, immunogenicity, laboratory diagnosis as well as prophylaxis, control and

treatment are provided with emphasis on and basic and applied immunology.

صر للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة م Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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2- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

A- Knowledge and understanding

By the end of this course, the students should be able to:

a1- Describe general knowledge in the field of viral diseases.

a2- Acquire considerable knowledge in the subdiscipline of medical virology.

a3-Explain basic immunology including: host–parasite relationship ,natural ,specific

,active, passive immunity.

a4- Illustrate organs ,tissue, cells and humoral immunity.

a6- list complement, hypersensitivity reaction, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency and

transplantation immunology and serological reactions

B- Intellectual skills

By the end of this course, the students should be able to

b1- Distinguish sources of viral diseases

b2- Determine mode of transmission of viral diseases

b 3- Finding scientific basis for the relation between the disease and the virulence

factors of the causative agent

b4- Predict the symptoms, signs that is related to immunological diseases and

suggesting the laboratory diagnosis .

b5- distinguish serological tests to aid in the detection and identification of micro-

organisms in clinical specimens

صر للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة م Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 3 -

C-Professional and Practical Skills

c1- Identify Preliminary characteristic clinical symptoms of the diseases

c2-Apply Details of the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases

c3- Demonstrate planning policies for treatment as well as prophylactic measures for

each disease.

D- General and Transferable Skills

By the end of this course, the student will:

d1- Measures for control of infectious diseases.

d2- conduct thesis work related to specific topics related to immunology.

d3- acquire scientific and methodological skills leading to a capacity to find a basis

relation between diseases and their causative agents.

3 .Contents

Topic No.

of hours Lecture

Tutorial/P

ractical

Part I:

Virology

Introduction to viral diseases

DNA viruses

RNA viruses

Part II: Immunology

Topics covered in this part include:

Host- parasite relationship and

pathogenicity

Natural immunity

Specific immunity (terms, cells,

mechanisms, immunization)

Complement system

Monoclonal antibodies

Hypersensitivity reactions

Autoimmunity

Transplantation

Immunodeficiency

Serological reactions

12

12

6

6

Total 24 12

صر للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة م Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 4 -

4- Teaching and Learning Methods

4.1- Lectures

4.3- Tutorials

4.4- The course is based on didactic lectures with power point illustration of

pathological images

5- Student Assessment Methods

5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual

skills.

5.3. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable

skills

Assessment Schedule

Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Practical Examination…………………12th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

Weighing of Assessments

Final-term Examination 40%

Mid-term Examination 30%

Oral Examination. 10 %

Semster work 20%

Total 100%

6. List of References

صر للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة م Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 5 -

6.1- Course Notes, Lecture Notes in Basic Microbiology and Immunology for third

year students prepared by staff members of the Department of Microbiology and

Immunology

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

* Totora, G. J..; Funke, B. R. and Case, C. I. Microbiology an introduction. Addison

Weley Longman, Inc.

* Michael P. Doyle - Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers

6.3- Recommended Books

* Tammy S. Race McCormick The Essentials of Microbiology (Research and

Education Association (1998)

*Will Irving, Dlaer, a. A. and Boswell, T. (2005) Medical Microbiology by taylor &

Francis Group

*Geo. F. Brooks Medical Microbiology, 24th edition (Jawetz, Melnick &

Adelberg))

7. Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Overhead projector, computer aided data show, stereo and oil immersion

microscopes.

Coordinator of Course: Prof.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Head of Department: Prof.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date : 1/9/2015

صر للعلوم والتكنولوجياجامعة م Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016 -2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةحدو -2015 2016 صنيع الدوائى والت علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

MICR 311

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةحدو -2015 2016 صنيع الدوائى والت علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةحدو -2015 2016 صنيع الدوائى والت علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 1 -

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Basic Information

Program(s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

College offering the program College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Academic year / level Third Year / First Semester

Course title Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Course code Micro 311

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: (2), Practical: (2), Total 3 credit hours

Course coordinator Prof.Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Major or Minor element of programs Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

A- Professional Information

The course aim and intended learning outcomes are based on that mentioned in the

program specifications, with more course-related specific details.

1. Overall Aims of Course

To provide pharmacy students with good knowledge on the impact of microbial

studies on the field of pharmacy, pharmaceutical industry and sterilization processes.

The course includes detailed information on different sterilization techniques applied

in pharmaceutical industry

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةحدو -2015 2016 صنيع الدوائى والت علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

2. Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)

A-Knowledge and Understanding:

By the end of this course, the student should demonstrate detailed knowledge and

understanding of:

a1- Define sterilization processes, their significance and limitations, their applications

in pharmaceutical industry

a2- Classify antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action,

indications, side effects, antibiotic policy and microbial resistance.

a3- Describe Non-antibiotic agents, their pharmaceutical and surgical applications.

a4- State the use of preservation in pharmaceutical industry

B- Intellectual skills

By the end of this course, the student should:

b1. Categorize antimicrobial agents.

b2. Differentiate between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents.

b3. Relate different factors during prescribing antibiotic.

b4. Analyze lines of treatment of tuberculosis.

b5. Categorize disinfectants according to their effect

b6. Relate basic principle of preservation of medicines

b7. Compare advantages, disadvantage, and limitation of different sterilization

techniques.

C-Professional and Practical Skills

By the end of this course, the student should:

c1. Assemble some sterilization methods.

c2. Perform sterility testing for sterile pharmaceutical products.

c3. Apply modification of sterility test for different forms of pharmaceutical

products.

c4. Detect the count of bacteria using viable count technique.

D-General and Transferable Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

d1.Demonstrate ability to solve problems. .

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةحدو -2015 2016 صنيع الدوائى والت علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

d2. Provide guidance concerning different sterilization techniques applied in

pharmaceutical industry

3. Contents

Topic No. of hours Lecture Tutorial/

Practical

Introduction 4 2 0

Sterilization 8 4 4

Antimicrobial agents 8 4 4

Microbial quality of pharmaceutical

dosage forms 8 2 4

Total 24 12 12

4. Teaching and Learning Methods

4.1 -Lectures

4.2- Practical and tutorial periods

4.3- Office hours

5. Student Assessment Methods

5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual

skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable

skills

Assessment Schedule

Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Practical Examination…………………12th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةحدو -2015 2016 صنيع الدوائى والت علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

Weighing Assessments

Quizzes ………………………………......13.33 %

Midterm examination ………………….16.66 %

Practical Examination…………………….30%

Final-term Examination…………………. 30 %

Oral Examination………………………..10 %

Total …………………………………. 100%

6. List of References

- Pharmaceutical Microbiology by Hugo & Russell - Antibiotics in Laboratory

Medicine by Victor Lorian

Course notes (theoretical & practical) prepared by staff member

- Periodicals, Web Sites, … etc International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine

Journal of Applied Microbiology

http://www.fda.gov/default.htm

http://www.who.int/topics/pharmaceutical_products/en/

7. Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Overhead projector, computer aided data show, stereo and oil immersion

microscopes.

Coordinator of Course: Prof. Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Head of department. Prof. Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date : 1/9/201

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2015 - 2016 يع الدوائى والتصن علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

MICR 421

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة وحدة 2015 - 2016 يع الدوائى والتصن علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2015 - 2016 يع الدوائى والتصن علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Basic Information

Program (s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

College offering the progra College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Academic year / level Fourth Year / First Semester

Course title Public health and hygiene

Course code MICRO 421

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: (1), Practical: (2), Total 2 credit

hours

Course coordinator .Dr. Tamer Samir

Major or Minor element of programs Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

A- Professional Information

1. Overall Aims of Course:

Provides concise information about most medically important infectious diseases

related to different groups.

Gives detailed information about the biology of the etiological agent(s), mode of

transmission, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms, immunogenicity, laboratory

diagnosis as well as prophylaxis, control and treatment for each disease.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

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2. Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)

A. Knowledge and Understanding :

a1. Describe matters related to of infectious diseases, such as mechanisms of

transmission, prevention measures and control of diseases.

a.2 .Describe the general biological and physical properties of bactria

a3.List bacterial pathogenesis, diseases and laboratory diagnosis and treatment

B. Intellectual Skills

b1. Relate between diseases and their causative factors.

b2. Illustrate the most important and effective way to reduce infectious diseases.

b3. Illustrate preventive measures to control infectious diseases, nosocomial

infection, and outbreaks.

b 4. Distinguish symptoms of different bacterial diseases.

b5. Illustrate mechanism of pathogenesis and immunity to bacterial diseases.

C. Professional and Practical Skills:

c1. Distinguish characteristic clinical symptoms of the diseases

c2.apply the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases

c3. Demonstrate planning policies for treatment as well as prophylactic measures

for each disease.

D. General and Transferable Skills

d1. Measures for control of infectious diseases.

d2. Develop general education concerning public health.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

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3. Contents

Topic No. of hours

Credits

Lecture Tutorial/

Practical

introduction 2 1 1

Gram positive coccai:

1-Staphylococcus

2- Streptococcus and Enterococci

Gram positive Bacilli:

Corynebacteria

Listeria

Actinomyces and Noccardia

Bacillus

Colisteidium

10 5

5

Gram negative bacteria

Neisseria and Moraxella

Haemophilus and Bordetella

Enteropathogenic Bacteria

Kelbsillaa and Citrobacter

Proteus,Morganella and Providentia

Shigella

Salmonela

8 4 4

Tubberculosis

2 1

Other Pathogensis 2 1

Total 24 12 10

4. Teaching and Learning Methods

4.1- Lectures

4.2- Practical and tutorial periods

4.3- Office hours

5. Student Assessment Methods

5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual

skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable

skills

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2015 - 2016 يع الدوائى والتصن علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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Assessment Schedule Quiz I …………………………… Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Practical Examination…………………12th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

Weighing of Assessments

Quizzes ………………………………......13.33 %

Midterm examination ………………….16.66 %

Practical Examination…………………….30%

Final-term Examination…………………. 30 %

Oral Examination………………………..10 %

Total …………………………………. 100%

6. List of References

6.1- Course handouts,

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

1. Cortan,R.S., Kumar,V. Collins,T.,Robbins,S.L.and Schmitt,B.(1999) Robbins

Pathologic basis of diseases 6th Edition, W.B.Saunders Co.

2. Baron, E.J. and Finegold , M. (1998) Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic

Microbiology ,10th Edition , The C.V. Mosby Company

3. Henry, J.B. and Day, L. (1996) Clinical Diagnosis and Management by

Laboratory Methods , 19th Edition , W.B. Saunders Co.

4. Inglis, T.J.J. (1996) Microbiology and Infection , 1st Edition, Churchill

livingstone Medical Division of Pearson Professional Limited

6.3- Recommended Books

1. Will Irving, Dlaer, a. A. and Boswell, T. (2005) Medical Microbiology by

taylor & Francis Group

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2015 - 2016 يع الدوائى والتصن علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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2. Geo. F. Brooks Medical Microbiology, 24th edition (Jawetz, Melnick &

Adelberg))

6.4- Periodicals, Web Sites, … etc

Journal of Medical Micr0biology (http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/contents-by-

date.0.shtml)

Journal of infectious diseases (http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JID/home.html)

http://www.cdc.gov

http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/micro/

http://www.fda.gov/default.htm

http://www.medlineplus.gov/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi

http://www.med.sc.edu:85/book/welcome.htm

http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/101hmpg.html

http://www.medfam.ro/supercourse/index.htm

7. Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Overhead projector, computer aided data show, stereo and oil immersion

microscopes.

Coordinator of Course: Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Head of department Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date: 1/9/2015

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2015 - 2016 يع الدوائى والتصن علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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MICR 422E

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 1 -

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Basic Information

Program(s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

College offering the program College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Academic year / level Fourth Year / Second Semester

Course title Diagnostic Microbiology

Course code Micro 422E

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: (2), Practical: (0), Total 2 credit hours

Course coordinator Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Major or Minor element of programs Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

A. Professional Information The course aim and intended learning outcomes are based on that mentioned in

the program specifications, with more course-related specific details.

1- Overall aims of course

To provide pharmacy students with good knowledge on the impact of microbial

studies on the field of diagnosis of infectious diseases.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 2 -

2- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

A- Knowledge and understanding

By the end of this course, the student should demonstrate detailed knowledge and

understanding of:

a1. Describe Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitological

infections.

a2. Demonstrate methodology of taken a specimen, maintain it and deal with in the

laboratory.

B- Intellectual skills

By the end of this course, the student should:

b1- Differentiate specimens from various parts of the body. Urinary tract infections,

Respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, skin infections, sexually

transmitted infection, bone and joint infections, Central nervous system infections and

bacteremia and endocarditis

C-Professional and Practical Skills

By the end of this course, the student should:

c1. Manipulate laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases..

c2. Practice microscopical examination of microbial diseases, cultivation of different

microorganisms, their biochemical reactions and the different serological and

molecular methods used in the diagnosis of such diseases

D- General and Transferable Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

d1. Support patient’s information confidentiality.

d2. Communicate with other health care professions

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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3 .Contents Topic No. of hours Lecture Tutorial/Practical

Urinary tract infections

Respiratory tract infections

gastrointestinal infections

skin infections

sexually transmitted infection

bone and joint infections

Central nervous system infections

Bacteremia and endocarditis

4

4

5

3

2

2

2

2

12

Total 24 12

4- Teaching and Learning Methods 4.1- Lectures

4.2- Practical periods

4.3- Tutorials

4.4- The course is based on didactic lectures with power point illustration of

pathological images

5- Student Assessment Methods 5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual

skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable

skills

Assessment Schedule

Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 4 -

Weighing of Assessments

Quiz 20%

Mid-term Examination 30%

Final-term Examination 40%

Oral Examination. 10%

Total 100%

6. List of References

6.1Course notes (theoretical) prepared by staff member

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

Pharmaceutical Microbiology by Hugo & Russell - Antibiotics in Laboratory

Medicine by Victor Lorian

- Text book of diagnostic Microbiology by Mahon, Connie R.; Manuselis

- Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases by by Paul G. Engelkirk

7. Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Overhead projector, computer aided data show, stereo and oil immersion

microscopes.

Coordinator of Course: Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Head of department Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date : 1/9/2015

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 1 -

MICR 432

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة ةدحو 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

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جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 1 -

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Basic Information

Program(s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

College offering the program College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Academic year / level Fourth Year / Second Semester

Course title Biotechnology

Course code MICR 432

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: (2), Practical: (0), Total 2(2+0)

Course coordinator Prof.Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Major or Minor element of programs Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

A. Professional Information The course aim and intended learning outcomes are based on that mentioned in

the program specifications, with more course-related specific details.

1- Overall aims of course

Biotechnology learning program is crucial for pharmacy students. It includes study of

{General introduction to biotechnology and fermentation– Microbial growth

processes (mode of fermentation processes; design of a fermentor; achievement and

maintenance of aseptic conditions in the fermentor)–Bioconversion processes &

major Biotechnological products – Biodegradation and bioremediation – Gene

therapy, applications, delivery mechanisms and drawbacks. Genetic engineering

(applications; recombinant DNA technology; DNA cloning, hybridizations &

sequencing).

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 2 -

2- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

A- Knowledge and understanding

By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

a1. Explain different cellular and molecular biology techniques and their application

in production of biotechnological and recombinant productss.

a2. Identify strategies for improvement of fermentation process

a 3. list the applications of biotechnology in environmental maintenance.

a 4. Identify different categories of biotechnology products.

a 5. Describe the application of biotechnology in energy production.

a 6. Describe the application of biotechnology in production of vaccines and

monoclonal antibodies.

B- Intellectual skills

By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

b1. Categorise different biotechnological processes efficiently and to apply this

knowledge correctly and independently in the way to design and plan various process

development for many valuable biotechnological products.

b2. . Predict how the genetically modified organisms are produced

C-Professional and Practical Skills

By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

c1. Recognize correlation between production of biotechnological products &

developing processes, in such a way that the finished pharmaceutical product will be

suitable for its purpose.

D- General and Transferable Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

d1. Evaluate and make decision to deal with problems of biotechnological

products.

d.2 Conclude the information from different sources.

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 3 -

3 .Contents

Topic Lect. No.

General introduction to biotechnology

and fermentation

2

Microbial growth processes (mode of

fermentation processes; design of a

fermentor; achievement and maintenance

of aseptic conditions in the fermentor)

2

Bioconversion processes & major

Biotechnological products

2

Biodegradation and bioremediation 2

Gene therapy, applications, delivery

mechanisms and drawbacks

2

Genetic engineering (applications;

recombinant DNA technology; DNA

cloning, hybridizations & sequencing)

1

Assignments in up to date subjects related

to the filed

1

4- Teaching and Learning Methods 4.1- Lectures

4.2- Practical periods

4.3- Tutorials

4.4- The course is based on didactic lectures with power point illustration of

pathological images

5- Student Assessment Methods 5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual

skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and transferrable

skills

Assessment Schedule Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودة 2016-2015 والتصنيع الدوائى علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

- 4 -

Weighing of Assessments Quiz 20%

Mid-term Examination 30%

Final-term Examination 40%

Oral Examination. 10%

Total 100%

6. List of References

6.1Course notes (theoretical) prepared by staff member

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

Pharmaceutical Microbiology by Hugo & Russell - Antibiotics in Laboratory

Medicine by Victor Lorian

- Text book of diagnostic Microbiology by Mahon, Connie R.; Manuselis

- Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases by by Paul G. Engelkirk

7. Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Overhead projector, computer aided data show, stereo and oil immersion

microscopes.

Coordinator of Course: Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Head of department Prof. DrWael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date : 1/9/2015

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة -2015 2016 ع الدوائى والتصني علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

PATH 312

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة -2015 2016 ع الدوائى والتصني علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة -2015 2016 ع الدوائى والتصني علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

1

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

A- Basic Information

Program (s) on which the course is given Bachelor of Pharm. Sciences

Department offering the course Department of Microbiology and

Immunology

College offering the programme College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug

Manufacturing, MUST University

Dept. responsible for teaching the course Department of Microbiology and

Immunology

Academic year / level Third Year / Second Semester

Course title Basic pathology

Course code Path312

Contact hours ( credit hours ) Lecture: 2 (2 Hr)

Course coordinator Dr. Mahmoud Khalil

Major or Minor element of programmes Major

Date of specification approval 1/9/2015

B- Professional Information

The course aim and intended learning outcomes are based on that mentioned in the

program specifications, with more course-related specific details.

1- Overall aims of course

The course aim to familiarize students with the basic disease patterns including

definition, etiology, morphologic changes in different organ system diseases in

addition to their fate and complication.

2- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

A. Knowledge and understanding

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

a1. understand the principals of general pathology (cell injury, inflammation, tissue

repair, homodynamic, cellular dyspalsia , neoplasia… etc ) and explain different

disease processes occurring in cardiovascular system, renal and endocrinal organs;

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة -2015 2016 ع الدوائى والتصني علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

2

their causes (etiology), and how the disease develops in response to the etiologic

agents (pathogenesis) together with infectious diseases in all body organs.

a2. Determine the fate and complications of different disease processes.

B. Intellectual skills

By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

b1. Integrate clinical information and histology or other investigations into diagnosis.

b2.Analyze symptoms & signs and understanding disease mechanisms.

C. Professional and Practical Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

c1. Use the clinical laboratory data of patients to explore different disease condition

and the effects of therapy.

D. General and Transferable Skills

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

d1. Search for the recent medical information and continued progress in

pharmaceutical sciences.

d2. Express freely and adequately themselves by improving descriptive

capabilities and communication skills.

3 .Contents

No. of

hours Lecture

Topic

4 2 Cellular adaptation, cell

injury and cell death

4 2 Infectious diseases pathology

and immunopathology

4 2 Acute and chronic

inflammation

4 2

Hemodynamic disorders,

Thromboimbolic disease and

shock.

4 2

Tissue renewal and repair:

regeneration, healing and

fibrosis.

4 2 Neoplasia

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة -2015 2016 ع الدوائى والتصني علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

3

4- Teaching and Learning Methods

4.1- Lectures

4.2- Seminar / Workshop

4.3- Class activity

5- Student Assessment Methods

5.1. Quiz to assess efficient study.

5.2. Written exams to assess knowledge and understanding as well as

intellectual skills.

5.3. Practical exams to assess professional and practical skills.

5.4. Oral exams to assess all types of skills and mainly general and

transferrable skills

Assessment Schedule

Quiz I ………………………………….. Week: upon course progression

Mid-term Examination…………… …7-8th week

Final-term Examination……………….14-16th week

Oral Examination…………………….14-16th week

Weighing of Assessments

Mid-Term Examination 30 %

Final-term Examination 50 %

Oral Examination. 10 %

Practical Examination -- %

Semester Work 5%

Other types of assessment 5 %

Total 100%

جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا Course Specification جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجيا

ضمان الجودةوحدة -2015 2016 ع الدوائى والتصني علوم الصيدليةة الكلي

4

6- List of References

6.1- Course Notes

Lecture notes prepared by Dr: Mahmoud Khalil

6.2- Essential Books (Text Books)

Kumar, Cotran & Robbins: Recommended text book : Basic Pathology.

Macfarlane, Reid & Callender: Illustrated Pathology Lectures.

6.3- Recommended websites

http://www.medlib.med.utah.edu/webpath/labs/labmenu.html

http://www.medscap.com/pathologyhome

http://www.qwumc.edu/dept/path/2f.htm

7- Facilities Required for Teaching and Learning

Data show

Computers

Course Coordinator: Dr. Mahmoud Khalil

Head of Department: Prof.Dr.Wael Mostafa Tawakkol

Date: 1 / 9 / 2015