Microbial Surface Attachment and Its Importance in Mineral ... I-11am.pdfattached microbial forms on...

MICROBIAL SURFACE ATTACHMENT AND ITS

IMPORTANCE IN MINERAL WEATHERING

Engy Ahmed 31st NGWM 140110

THE MICROBIAL LIFE IN SOIL

Attached form Non-attached form

80 – 90% of soil microorganisms

attached to soil minerals in the

form of microenvironment.

Provide localized concentrations of

nutrients that can be recycled or

moved from cell to cell by direct

transfer.

Alter the microsite environment

surrounding the cell to optimize

the growth conditions.

Protected from the environmental

stresses by the formation of EPS

layer.

10 – 20% of soil microorganisms

are free-living in soil solution.

Their nutrients diluted in the soil

solution.

Suffer from environmental

stresses.

Can easily move from site to new

site that may have additional

nutrient supplies.

FORMATION OF MICROENVIRONMENT

Attachment Colonization Microenvironment

Mineral Surface

How do microorganism interact with

minerals?

Attached microorganisms

Mineral

Direct accumulation Siderophores Organic acids Oxid/Red Physical forces

How do microorganism interact with

minerals?

Non-attached microorganisms

Mineral

Direct accumulation Siderophores Organic acids Oxid/Red Physical forces

THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS TO…

Compare between the efficiency of attached and non-

attached microbial forms on biotite dissolution.

Differentiate between the behavior of fungal,

bacterial and actinobacterial species in biotite

weathering.

EXPERIMENT SETUP

Attached Non-attached

EXPERIMENT SETUP

Attached Non-attached

0.4 µm PET track-etched membrane

Erwinia amylovora

Pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas mendocina

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Bacillus thuringiensis

Streptomyces pilosus

Neurospora crassa

Penicillium melinii

SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION

Ferrioxamine B (FOX B), Ferrioxamine G (FOX G), Ferrioxamine D (FOX D), Ferrioxamine

E (FOX E), Ferrichrome (FCH), Fe-dimerum acid (Fe-DA), Neocoprogen II (Neo-COP II),

Coprogen (COP). Siderophores were measured by HPLC-ESI-MS.

Microorganisms

Ferrioxamines (nM) Ferrichromes (nM) Coprogens (nM)

FOX B FOX G FOX D FOX E FCH Fe-DA Neo-COP II COP

Bacterial/Actinobacterial species

Streptomyces pilosus 15 20 11 - - - - -

Erwinia amylovora 8 12 7 2 - - - -

Pseudomonas stutzeri 9 2 1 1 - - - -

Pseudomonas mendocina - 3 15 11 - - - -

Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 18 8 - - - - -

Bacillus thuringiensis 14 14 10 1 - - - -

Fungal species

Neurospora crassa - - - - - 0.8 6 893

Penicillium melinii - - - - 0.6 - - 540

pH

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

Days

Neurospora crassa

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 6 8 10 12 14Days

Streptomyces pilosus

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 6 8 10 12 14Days

Pseudomonas mendocina

Att

ached

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

Days

Non-a

ttac

hed

3

4

4.5 5 5.6

4.5

Iron dissolution Neurospora crassa Streptomyces pilosus Pseudomonas mendocina

Att

ached

Non-a

ttac

hed

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Fe le

ach

ed

in s

olu

tio

n µ

mo

l/l

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Fe le

ach

ed

in s

olu

tio

n µ

mo

l/l

Days

27

18

25

15

10

17

Magnesium dissolution Neurospora crassa Streptomyces pilosus Pseudomonas mendocina

Att

ached

Non-a

ttac

hed

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Mg

leac

he

d in

so

luti

on

µm

ol/

l

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Mg

leac

he

d in

so

luti

on

µm

ol/

l

Days

23

20 17

22

20

12

Silica dissolution Neurospora crassa Streptomyces pilosus Pseudomonas mendocina

Att

ached

Non-a

ttac

hed

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Si le

ach

ed

in s

olu

tio

n µ

mo

l/l

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Si le

ach

ed

in s

olu

tio

n µ

mo

l/l

Days

22 25

18 20

21

15

Aluminum dissolution Neurospora crassa Streptomyces pilosus Pseudomonas mendocina

Att

ached

Non-a

ttac

hed

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Al l

eac

he

d in

so

luti

on

µm

ol/

l

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14

Al l

eac

he

d in

so

luti

on

µm

ol/

l

Days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4 6 8 10 12 14Days

11

8

5

8

7

9

Surface analysis by ESEM A

ttac

hed

N

on

-att

ach

ed

Neurospora crassa Streptomyces pilosus Pseudomonas mendocina C

on

tro

l

CONCLUSION

The microbial communities that colonize mineral

surfaces are more efficient in weathering than

surrounding non-attached microorganisms, which is

confirmed in the ESEM micrographs.

The fungal species Neurospora crassa had a much

higher ability to decrease the pH and to dissolve Fe,

Mg, and Al from the biotite compared to the

bacterial species Pseudomonas mendocina, which is

a general trend for the fungal and bacterial species

used in the study.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Magnus Bergvall Foundation.

Faculty of Science, Stockholm University, Sweden.

Thank you!!!

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