Microbial Diversity & Redundancy

Submitted by: Nazmul Ahmed OliReg: 12-05-2835Level: 2Course code:FIT-201

MicrobiologyThe study of microscopic organisms.

Branches

Pure microbiology• Bacteriology• Mycology• Phycology• Protozoology• Parasitology• Immunology• Virology

Fig: Microbial world

Applied Branches

Medical microbiology

Pharmaceutical microbiology

Industrial microbiology

Microbial biotechnology

Food microbiology

 

Agricultural microbiology

Microbial DiversityMicrobial diversity includes microorganism’s distribution in nature, their relationship with each other and other living organisms, their effects on human beings and other animals and plants. 

They are closely associated with the health and welfare of human beings.

The study of bacteria & the subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species.Important genera & species in Bacteriology:• Pseudomonaceae: Pseudomonas flurescens• Halobacteriaceae: Halobacterium salinarium• Escherichia : Escherichia coli • Lactobacillaceae: Lactobacillus lactis• Streptococcaceae : Streptococcus lactis• Clostridium: Clostridium botulinum

Pseudomonas flurescens

Bacteriology

Habitat of Bacteria• Bacteria widely distributed in soil and water, or with other

biological symbiosis.• Human body also has a considerable number of bacteria. • It is estimated that the human body and the skin on the total

number of bacterial cells is about ten times the total number of human cells.

• There are also some species found in extreme environments, such as hot springs, they are classified as extremophiles, which is one of the most famous types of habitat .

Bacterial MatThe yellow stuff is bacteria

Viruses  Effect

Papillomavirus Genital infections and cervical cancer

Adenovirus Respiratory and gastrointestinal disease

Reovirus Respiratory and gastrointestinal disease

Calicivirus Gastrointestinal disease

Enterovirus Gastrointestinal disease, poliomyelitis

Rhinovirus Common cold

Hepatitis B virus Liver infection

Smallpox virus Smallpox

Some common virus & their effect

Habitat of VirusesViruses are not able to survive with out a host cell, and thus active viruses reside inside a host body. They effect on host vary as well. They can lower host immunity

Fungus• A fungus  is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms

that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds.• These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi.

Habitat & Distribution• Fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide

range of habitats, including extreme environments such as deserts or areas with high salt concentrations or ionizing radiation, as well as in deep sea sediments.

• Most grow in terrestrial environments, though several species live partly or solely in aquatic habitats.

• Around 100,000 species of fungi have been formally described by taxonomists.

• The fungal kingdom has been estimated to contain about 1.5 million species.

MoldsThe term mold is applied to a large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species where their growth results in a

moldy appearance of objects, especially food.

A clementine covered with mold Mold in Petridis

Yeast:• Yeasts are eukaryotic microorganisms, classified in the Kingdom

fungi.• Yeasts are unicellular, although some species with yeast forms

may become multicellular

• Use organic compounds as a source of energy

• Do not require sunlight to grow• Carbon is obtained mostly from

hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose.

• Grow best in a neutral or slightly acidic pH environment.

• Some species can metabolize pentose sugars like ribose, alcohols, and organic acids

NUTRITION AND

GROWTHFig: Yeast

In bakery industries. Producing Alcoholic beverages like mead, Beer , Wine etc. In food spoilage. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is used in baking as a leavening agent Brewer's yeast is also very rich in essential minerals and the B vitamins(except B12)

Usages:

Thanks To All