Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface I

Micro-movements and micro-pump- effect of

Implant-abutment-

connection

Test-Report for Konus K3Pro Dental Implants

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry

J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main

Director: Prof. Dr. H.-Ch. Lauer

Address:

Theodor-Stern-Kai 7,Haus 29

60596 Frankfurt a. Main

Datum: 15. Juli 2010 Fax.: (069) 6301-3711 E-Mail: Zipprich@em.uni-frankfurt.de Tel.: (069) 6301-4714

Dipl.-Ing. H. Zipprich

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface II

Directory

1   Material and method............................................................................................................. 3   2   Experimental setup ............................................................................................................... 3  

2.1   Source of x-ray ............................................................................................................. 5   2.2   Inspection piece............................................................................................................ 7   2.3   Production of the inspection pieces.............................................................................. 9   2.4   Saliva replacement / x-ray contrast liquid.................................................................. 24  

2.4.1   Theoretical bases to the wettability ................................................................ 24   2.4.2   Determination of the contact angle ................................................................ 24  

2.5   Chewing simulator ..................................................................................................... 26   2.6   The radiograph amplifier (RA)................................................................................... 28   2.7   High speed digital camera .......................................................................................... 28   2.8   Load arrangement....................................................................................................... 31   2.9   Evaluation................................................................................................................... 32  

3   Results ................................................................................................................................ 33  

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 3

1 Material and method

In order to examine the existence of a micro pump on dental implants; a special experimental test field was developed. For each type of implant-system tested; five inspection pieces were manufactured. Each inspection piece simulates an implant- supported molar crown in the upper jaw. The surrounding mucous membrane at the Implant-Abutment-Interface was duplicated by a Polyether impression material. A liquid entrance was created inside each of the artificial mucous membranes and a specifically developed x-ray contrast medium was used and brought into the opening. During the load, in a two-dimensional chewing simulator, a constant and diverging X-ray device radiated the inspection pieces. By transformation of the x-ray into visible light; x-ray videos were recorded, using a high speed digital camera. The results will give information on the development and a conclusion of a micro pump effect at the implant Abutment interface.

2 Experimental setup

Illustration 1 shows schematically the experimental setup. Those in the x-ray source: [1]

analysation of an exemplary inspection piece loaded in a two-dimensional chewing

simulator [3] [2; 4]. The x-rays are converted in the image amplifier [5] into visible light.

The quantity of light coming from the image amplifier meets the CCD sensor of the High

speed digital camera [6]. Afterwards; the camera sends a digital signal to an attached

computer, whereas the computer then developes x-ray-videos on the processes of the

Implant-Abutment-Interface.

M icro-m

ovem ents and m

icro-pum p-effect of Im

plant-A butm

ent-Interface 4

Fig. 1: S

chem atic representation of the experim

ental setup. [1] = source of x-ray [2] = em bedded inspection piece [3] = chew

ing sim ulator [4] = saliva replacem

ent/ x-ray contrast m edium

[5] = radiograph am

plifier [6] = H igh speed digital cam

era

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 5

2.1 Source of x-ray In the, here described, investigation an x-ray unit type FXS-160.50 was used. (Fine focus

of X-Ray systems, www.yxlon.de). Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the x-ray unit

used.

Fig. 2: Schematic structure of the x-ray tube.

Used specific data for the source of x-ray are the Tab. to infer 1a and b.

Radiation characteristic  Emission angle: 40°

 rotational target

Target material:

Tungsten with beryllium filter

Tab. 1a: Specific data of the x-ray source.

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 6

Ranges  Tension 5 - 160 kV

 Target stream 0 - 1,0 mA

 Continuous duty (+ Cooling): 160 Watt

 Focal spot size adjustable 3 - 1000 µm

Tab. 1b: Specific data of the x-ray source.

The applied x-ray unit is a constant emitter, with which the x-radiation spreads

divertingly. Divertional spreading of the radiation, leads to an enlargement of the radiated

object (see fig. 3).

Fig. 3: Geometrical conditions the object radiograph amplifiers of source of x-ray.

The focal spot size can be adjusted up to 3 µm (Tab. 1) and therefore leads to a

theoretical resolution of maximum 3 µm. To note though is however; that the bulb power

needs to reach 16 Watts, to allow for a manuall adjustment of the focal spot of 3 µm. The

increase and achievement of over 16 Watts automatically leads to an enlargement of the

focal spot and concomitantly reduction of the resolution. In the investigation; a maximum

output of 16 Watts was used. A lead screen was used to avoid stray radiation. In the

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 7

available test series; an underlying closed voltage of 120 keV and a current of 0,1 mA

was used. The output is calculated with and results in 12 Watts.

2.2 Inspection piece Tab. 2 showes the tested implant-components.

compnents measurement reference no.: LOT no.:

implant Konus K3Pro 4,5mm x

13mm

45013K3 Pro/ET 602224-24

abutment

incl.

binding-

screw

Konus K3Pro 5,0 x 1,5mm

0°

EA 500015.H/3Pro 7397

Tab. 2: tested implant-components.

In fig. 4 an inspection piece is exemplarily represented. Thereby the implant body is

embedded in a resin block (Technovit® 4004). The impression-material of Polyether

(Impregum™) surrounds the implant Abutment connection as a simulation for the

periimplant tissue. The force application is loaded through an aluminium fabricated ball

top, which is screwed and glued to the implant/ abutment sample.

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 8

Fig. 4: Inspection piece.

Fig. 5 shows an exemplary sample inspection piece in the diagonal view. The simulated

gingiva is composed of impression-material Impregum™, within which a liquid channel

was created. This entrance channel reaches up to the implant/ abutment connection and

serves as reservoir for a saliva-similar liquid.

Fig. 5: Inspection piece in diagonal view.

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 9

In fig. 6 the inspection piece is shown from the top-view. Perpendicularly; the liquid

channel for the relief of pressure becomes visible.

Fig. 6: Inspection piece from above.

2.3 Production of the inspection pieces The production of the inspection pieces required some preparing measures, which are

explained in the following:

Production of cementation caps

The cemented caps consist of aluminium, which were applied on each abutment by

means of attachment; using autopolymerizing composits (3M Espe Nimetic™ Cem;

www.espe.de). The manufacturing of all cemented caps took place through a centrifical

lathe (company emco Austria, emcotronic TM02 and emco turn 120). The aluminium

caps have an inside diameter of 3,5mm, are 6mm in length and have an internal thread

(M5 x 0,5mm) of variable length. Fig. 7 shows exemplarily two cementing caps. The

caps serve as assistance for the screwing of the load attachments, which are described in

the following.

Micro-movements and micro-pump-effect of Implant-Abutment-Interface 10

Fig. 7: Cementing caps from aluminum.