Micro for Nursing Lecture - Chapter 3
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Transcript of Micro for Nursing Lecture - Chapter 3
HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY
CHAPTER 3: Bacterial Cell DEGEE O. GONZALES, R.M.T.College of Medical Technology
Two Basic Cell Types: EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES BOTH are PROTISTS Neither plants nor animals undifferentiated unicellular organisms do not form the specialized tissues and organ systems of higher plants and animals
HIGHER Protists includes ALGAE (Red, Green, Brown), FUNGI, PROTOZOA, SLIME MOLDS
Basic Cell Type: EUKARYOTES 3Characteristics: contain membrane enclosed organelles that have specific cellular functions have a cytoskeleton which provides support for the different organelles contain complex phospholipids, sphingolipids, histones, sterols have multiple chromosomes & nucleosomes multiply by mitosis
Organelles refers to components found in cells that are metabolically active internal organs carrying out specific functionsCytoskeleton refers to the three-dimensional lattice of filaments that form a structural framework giving the cytoplasm a gel-like consistency (i.e. Microfilaments, microtubules, etc.Histones 4The EUKARYOTIC CELL:
5 LOWER Protists includes BACTERIA, CYANOBACTERIA (Blue-green Algae), & ARCHAEBACTERIA (Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, Thermoacidophiles)
Basic Cell Type: PROKARYOTES Halophiles means SALT LOGGING; Thermoacidophiles means HEAT-LOGGING; Methanogens refers6Characteristics: have no organelles, histones and only in rare cases contains complex phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan with muramic acid (pure to bacterial cells) are haploid with a single chromosome divides by Binary FissionHaploid refers Binary Fission7The PROKARYOTIC CELL:
8Microscopic Morphology: Refers to the SIZE, SHAPE, and GENERAL ARRANGEMENT of bacteria microscopically
Microscopic Morphology: SHAPE and ARRANGEMENT 3 Morphological Categories: COCCI (Spherical Cells) BACILLI (Rod-shaped Cells) SPIRAL (Bacillary Forms twisted in the form of a helix) Pleomorphic bacteria that change their shapes
Microscopic Morphology: Cocci StaphylococciCocci in grape-like clustersStaphylococcus areus
Microscopic Morphology: Cocci StreptococciCocci in chainsStreptococcus pyogenes
Microscopic Morphology: Cocci DiplococciCocci in pairsStreptococcus pneumoniaeLanceolate flat adjacent sides13Microscopic Morphology: Cocci DiplococciNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Coffee bean-shaped14Microscopic Morphology: Cocci TetradsCocci in groups of fourGaffkya tetragena
Lanceolate flat adjacent sides15Microscopic Morphology: Cocci SarcinaCocci in cubital packets of 84 cells in front theoretically and the other 4 are behind which appears like shadowsSarcina lutea16
Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli StreptobacilliBacilli in chainsBacillus subtillis
Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli Diplobacilli bacilli in pairs Snapping diplobacilli - bacilli that bend at the point of division to give 2 organisms arranged in the form of a V Mycobacterium tuberculosisLanceolate flat adjacent sides18
Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli Slipping diplobacilli - bacilli that divide and tend to arrange themselves side by sideMycobacterium tuberculosisLanceolate flat adjacent sides19Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli CoccobacilliShort, thick, oval-shaped rodsEscherichia coli
Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli VibrioComma-shaped rodsVibrio cholerae
Microscopic Morphology: Spirals SpirillumA spiral whose long axis remains rigid when in motionCampylobacter jejuni
Microscopic Morphology: Spirals SpirocheteA spiral whose long axis bends when in motionBorrelia species
Microscopic Morphology: Spirals SpirocheteTreponema pallidumMicroscopic Morphology: SIZE Expressed in micrometer (m) 1m is equals to 1/1000 of a mm or 1/25000 of an inch Cocci measure 0.42.0m Bacilli measure 0.24.0m in width by 0.5 20.0m in length Spirals measure 1.0 14.0 m in length