Micro Energy Grid (MEG) Implementation

Micro Energy Grid (MEG): Implementa7on of Smart Distributed Energy 亚洲城市智慧能源及低碳执行策略� Green Ini(a(ves : Smart Ci(es 25/06/2015 Mark Cameron – Senior Consultant – Arup HK Building Sustainability

§  Global ac(on to limit GHG emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change 全球性地限制温室气体排放，以避免灾难性的气候变化�

§  Electricity genera(on responsible for a large amount of emissions 发电导致大量温室气体排放�

Background and Drivers 微能源网格的国际发展走向�

Source: IEA, IPCC

CO2 Discharged (China Aggregate ~0.80 kg CO2/kWh)

DEMAND SIDE SUPPLY SIDE

§  GHG limi(ng targets adopted interna(onally – China to limit to CO2 intensity by 40% by 2020 採用國際上限制溫室氣體排放目標 - 2020年前中國限制二氧化碳強度減少40％�

§  Supply and Demand side measures required 需要供應和需求方面的措施�

§  Regulatory focus promo(ng Distributed Genera(on – United States, China, Korea, Japan 重點推廣分散式發電，包括美國，中國，韓國，日本等地方�

§  100+ new Smart Ci(es to be developed in China 超過100個新智能城市準備在中國開發�

Response 微能源網格的國際發展走向�

Source: IEA, IPCC

Genera7on Transmission Distribu7on Retail

What is a Micro Energy Grid? 什么是微能源网格?

What are the Benefits? 有什么优势?

How to Implement? 该如何实际执行?

“Microgrids are electricity distribu(on systems containing loads and distributed energy resources, (such as

distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable loads) that can be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either while connected to the main power network

or while islanded” (CIGRÉ C6.22 Working Group).

“A Microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined

electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable en7ty with respect to the grid. A Microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in

both grid-‐connected or island-‐mode” (U.S. DOE Microgrids Exchange Group, 2010).

MEG System Topology

Traditional System Topology

What is a Micro Energy Grid? 什么是微能源网格? �

1. Improved Efficiencies 1. 效率提升� §  Typical thermal power sta(on is only ~40% efficient –

large por(on of energy lost as heat 典型的热力发电厂效率大约只有40％�

– 能源大部分以热的方式丢失� §  Local Distributed Genera(on over >80% efficiency

分布式发电超过80％的效率� §  ‘Waste heat’ can be harnessed “余热”可以被利用� §  Distributed renewables incorporated and serving the grid 分布式可再生能源发电结合整个电网� §  Clean sources of fuel are simpler to implement

� 使用清洁的能源较容易实现目标�

2. Reduce Installed Capacity 2. 负荷计算：MEG节能成效�

Combined load

Winter peak day loading

Summer peak day loading

3. Embrace the Smart City 3. 微能源網格概念架構 §  How does MEG fit into Smart Grid?

微能源网络如何与智能电网相结合？ §  Distributed energy forms part of the Smart Grid – small districts of localized energy

interac7ng with the grid – feeding and drawing from the U7lity 分布式能源是智能电网的组成部分-‐根据实际需求获取或者供应，二者相互配合

3. Embrace the Smart City 3. 微能源网格概念架构

Data Analysis +

Op(misa(on

Benefits of Micro Energy Grid Approach 微能源网格之优势

Tri Genera7on

PV’s GRID

Electricity Network Heat Network

Buildings Cooling Network

Natural Gas

Buildings Buildings

Solar Hot Water

High Efficiency Chillers

Energy Storage

Energy Storage

Electricity

§  Demand response reduces peak demand on local u(li(es & carbon emissions 为了响应需求，减少了对当地公用事业的峰值需求和碳排放�

§  Real7me monitoring and response 实时监控及反应�

§  U(lise energy cascade to increase efficiency & reduce carbon emissions 利用能源串级，以提高效率和减少碳排放�

§  Resilience / reliability of supply to ensure no down(me 有弹性/可靠地供应，保证没有间断�

§  Greater user understanding of consump(on – reduced consump(on through behavior change 对用户的消费有更多的了解-通过改变行为来降低消耗�

§  Reduced u7lity infrastructure – Offset installed capacity for u(lity networks 减少公用基础设施 - 减少公用事业的装机容量�

§  Export clean energy to city electricity grid 推展清洁能源至城市电网�

§  Centralised monitoring & control 集中监控和控制

Implementa(on Case Study 实际案例

Hansung City, Qingdao, PRC 中国大陆青岛釜山市

Qingdao 青島

Hansung City, Huangdao 釜山市

Project Sta7s7cs 项目信息� Loca(on – Hansung City, Qingdao, PRC Site size – 376 Ha (3.76 km2)

GFA – 3.2M m2

Popula(on -‐ 100,000 Site use – Mixed use, Healthcare,

Residen7al

Hansung City: K-‐MEG : Korea Micro Energy Grid 釜山市: K-MEG 韩国微能源网格�

Objec(ves 目标�

§  Create an integrated approach to energy masterplanning

创建一个整合式的能源总体规划�

§  Reduce carbon emissions, energy consump(on & pollu(on

减少碳排放、能源消耗和污染�

§  Focus on Savings Through Efficient ‘Supply Side’ Measures

着重从”供应方”开始的节能效益与措施�

§  Create a viable Business Model 开创一个可复制的商业模式�

City Masterplan : City Composi(on 城市总体规划：城市组成�

Qingdao Climate 青岛气候情况�

Load Calcula(on : Daily Load Profiles 负荷计算：日负荷

Electrical load

Heating load Cooling load

Technology Technical and Environmental Performance Commercial Viability

Occupant Satisfaction

Proven Technologies Space Take Replicability Score

Energy generation potential

Greenhouse gas production

Energy cascade potential Payback period

Noise Pollution, Air Pollution, Water

Pollution, etc. Reliability Commercial and

business viability Operational complexity

Geography dependencies

Weighted Average Score

Trigeneration High (3) Medium (2) Waste Heat to be reused (3) Medium (2) Air and noise

pollution (2) Relatively new (2) Large Plant (1) Easily replicable (3) Medium (2) Widely applicable (3) 23

Photovoltaics Medium (2) Zero (3) Stand alone (1) Long (1) Zero Emission (3) Widely used and matured (3)

Building integrated (2) Easily replicable (3) Easy (3) Depends on solar

intensity (2) 23 Solar Hot

Water System Medium (2) Zero (3) Waste Heat to be reused (3) Short (3) Zero Emission (3) Widely used and

matured (3) Minimal Space

Required (3) Easily replicable (3) Easy (3) Widely applicable (3) 29

Wind Turbines Medium (2) Zero (3) Stand alone system

(1) Long (1) Possible noise & visual impact (2)

Widely used and matured (3)

Large turbine for reasonable

energy generation (1)

Large capital investment (2) Easy (3) Depends on wind power

density of the region (2) 20

Concentrated Solar Medium (2) Zero (3) Medium (2) Long (1) Zero Emission (3) Reliable (3) Large Area (1)

Large capital investment. Not

easily replicable (1) Medium (2) Depends on solar

intensity (2) 20

Biofuels Low (1) Medium (2) Yes (3) Medium (2) Air pollution (1) Widely used and matured (3)

Storage space required (2)

Less commercially viable (2) Medium (2) Dependent on Biofuel

supply (1) 19

Fuel Cells High (3) Zero (3) Medium (2) Long (1) Zero Emission (3) Early adoption. TBC (2)

Sizeable additional space

required (2)

Payback to be explored. (2) Hard (1) Widely applicable (3) 22

Waste to energy High (3) High (1) Yes (3) Medium (2) Air pollution (1) Widely used and

matured (3)


required (2) Easily replicable (3) Hard (1) Widely applicable (3) 22

Algae Biofuel Low (1) Medium (2) Yes (3) Long (1) Possible air pollution (2) Relatively new (2) Building

integrated (2)

Large capital investment. Not

easily replicable (1) Hard (1) Depends on solar

intensity (2) 17

Geoexchange System Medium (2) Zero (3) Stand alone (1) Long (1) Zero Emission (3) Widely used and

matured (3) Large area under

ground (1) Large capital

investment (2) Medium (2) Region Specific (2) 20 Electric

Vehicles to grid (V2G)

N/A Limited (3) N/A Medium (2) Indirect influence (2) Widely used and matured (3)

Minimal Space Required (3)

Large capital investment. Easily

replicable (2) Hard (1) Widely applicable (3) 19*

Vehicles Wireless Charging

N/A Limited (3) N/A Medium (2) Indirect influence (2) Relatively new (2) Space required

along the vehicle routes (3)

Required large capital (1) Easy (3) Widely applicable (3) 19*

Energy Storage N/A Indirectly reduced

(2) N/A Short (3) Zero Emission (3) Widely used and matured (3)


required (2)

Large capital investment. Easily

replicable (2) Easy (3) Widely applicable (3) 21

Developing the MEG : Technology Selec(on 发展MEG：技术选择�

Technology selection matrix

137,334 Equivalent

Trees of Carbon Saved

MEG Infrastructure : Integrated Energy Masterplan MEG基础设施：能源整合总体规划�

Shandong Electric Carbon

Intensity : 0.81 kg.CO2 /

kWh

Hansung City MEG Carbon Intensity :

0.64 kg.CO2 / kWh

Tri-‐Genera(on – 36 MW Energy Storage – 20 MW Absorp(on Chiller – 30 MW PV – 5 MW Solar Hot Water – 5 MW

Embracing New Technology 迎接新技术�

Vehicle 2 Grid (v2g)

Waste to Energy

Wireless Charging

Opera(on : Model Output : Flow of Energy 实际操作：模型输出及能源流动走向�

Base load by Tri-

Generation

Make up from top up boilers

Solar Hot Water Producing Heat

Battery recharge

when demand

drops overnight

Battery discharge at peak demand

Minimal cooling

load over winter Base load by

absorption chillers

Peak load by water cooled

chillers

Grid purchased power provides

peak load

Opera(on : Power Quality Modeling 实际操作：电能质量建模�

Voltage: 220V (LV supply) Devia(on: +7%, -‐10% Frequency: 50Hz Devia(on: +/-‐0.5Hz Power Factor: >0.9 The user provides following devices for connec(on to Grid: Reac(ve power compensa(on device Harmonic suppression devices Automa(c voltage control device Automa(c low-‐voltage low-‐frequency load shedding devices, Load control device

Power Quality Parameters for Hansung City MEG

CO2 Reduc(on & Energy Reduc(on : Results 二氧化碳及能耗减量成果�

Tariff Pricing Structure 资费定价结构�

Ensuring the Business Case : Financial Analysis 财务分析�

Discount Rate (%)

Government Subsidy

(RMB/kWh)

IRR Discounted payback (yrs)

Scenario 1.1 3% 0.00 10.1% 17.00 Scenario 2.1 5% 0.00 10.1% 21.00 Scenario 3.1 7% 0.00 10.1% 25.00 Scenario 4.1 10% 0.00 10.1% 35.00 Scenario 5.1 12% 0.00 10.1% >60.00 Scenario 6.1 15% 0.00 10.1% >60.00 Scenario 1.2 3% 0.25 12.6% 14.00 Scenario 2.2 5% 0.25 12.6% 15.00 Scenario 3.2 7% 0.25 12.6% 18.00 Scenario 4.2 10% 0.25 12.6% 22.00 Scenario 5.2 12% 0.25 12.6% >50.00 Scenario 6.2 15% 0.25 12.6% >50.00 Scenario 1.3 3% 0.35 13.8% 11.00 Scenario 2.3 5% 0.35 13.8% 13.00 Scenario 3.3 7% 0.35 13.8% 16.00 Scenario 4.3 10% 0.35 13.8% 20.00 Scenario 5.3 12% 0.35 13.8% >50.00 Scenario 6.3 15% 0.35 13.8% >50.00

IRR 10%

Payback Period

25 yrs

Cashflow Analysis 现金流量分析�

Lifecycle Cash Flow Analysis

Breakeven Point

Initial Capital Expenditure

(Phase 1) Initial Capital Expenditure

(Phase 2)

Operation Expenditure Positive (income) : Revenue from

sales, government subsidy Negative (outgoing) : Purchased

power, maintenance, staff, equipment replacement (end of life)

Hansung City KMEG : Summary � 总结�

§  Reduces Carbon Emissions, Peak Power demand 减少碳排放及尖峰时段的用电需求�

§  Provides clean, resilient, cost effec(ve energy to the city 提供干净、弹性、高成本效益的城市能源�

§  Integrates with city management – support Smart city concepts 与城市管理整合 - 支持智能城市的概念�

§  Promotes truly sustainable development – Technology and Behaviour change 促进真正的永续发展 - 科技与行为改变�

§  Improves maintenance – Preventa(ve maintenance and fault finding 提高维护效益 - 预防性维护和故障查明�

Towards Successful Implementa(on 成功执行的基础 §  U7li7es and state grid 公营事业和国家电网

§  Buy-‐in from U(lity §  Nego(a(on of tariff for purchasing power §  Nego(a(on on maintenance cost of u(lity network (ren(ng of transmission)

§  Government 政府 §  Discussions and buy-‐in from government bodies needed §  Nego(a(on on contract Terms and Condi(ons

§  Contractual 合约相关内容 §  Many forms of contract can be adopted -‐ DBOT is most common §  Nego(ate Terms and Condi(ons with government §  Sesng of energy tariffs – responding to increased fuel costs §  Nego(ate Government Subsidies (GS) and incen(ves §  Create contract for end users

§  MEG Construc7on and opera7onal risk MEG建设及运营风险 §  Increase in fuel costs §  Development Phasing §  Quality / ability of maintenance staff

The Future : Conclusion 成功执行的基础 �

§  Distributed Genera(on will form a part of the future energy market 分布式发电将会成为未来能源市场的一部分�

§  Both Supply and Demand side measures are needed 需要供应和需求两者的措施�

§  Open discussion needed on the role of DG & Tradi(onal U(li(es 需要公开讨论分布式与传统式发电之间的作用�

§  Technological breakthroughs will speed up adop(on – par(cularly electricity storage 技术上的突破将加快通过策略- 特别是电力储存方面�

Thank You 谢谢! Green Ini(a(ves : Smart Ci(es 25/06/2015 Mark Cameron – Senior Consultant – Arup HK Building Sustainability

Micro Energy Grid (MEG) Implementation

Engineering

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