TRIGENERATION – A SOLUTION TO EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY IN THE
Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration Berliner Energieagentur GmbH COGENERA, Ciudad...
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Transcript of Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration Berliner Energieagentur GmbH COGENERA, Ciudad...
Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
Berliner Energieagentur GmbH
COGENERA, Ciudad de México, November 13th of 2012
Johan Grope
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20122
Contents
Berliner Energieagentur (BEA)
Motivation for Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration
International Experience: Focus Germany
Conclusion
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20123
Established in 1992 as Public Private Partnership
Shareholders Federal State of Berlin Vattenfall Europe GASAG KfW Banking Group
Capital stock2.5 million €
Annual total output About 11.2 million €
Company earnings (EBIT)834 k €
Know-how55 members of staff
Energy Services Consulting (National & International) Contracting
Based in Französische Straße 2310117 BerlinPhone: (030) 29 33 30 - 0e-mail: [email protected]: www.berliner-e-agentur.de
BEA – Facts and Figures
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20123
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20124
Energy Services Consulting:
Advice on all aspects of efficient energy use for customers from industry and commerce as well as the housing, service and public sector
International Know-how Transfer:
Transfer of successful models of efficient use of energy and of the deployment of renewable energy to developing markets
Contracting:
Planning, financing, construction, and operation of CHP and heat stations, of special supply components such as emergency power, cooling energy and compressed air, solar energy as well as lighting systems
Generation Data at about 90 sites in the region of Berlin 54 CHP-units (incl. 5 micro-CHP), annual electricity generation approx. 12,000 MWh direct electricity supply for around 2,500 households in Berlin CO2 savings of more than 5,000 t/a
BEA – Facts and Figures
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20124
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20125
Contents
Berliner Energieagentur (BEA)
Motivation for Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration
International Experience: Focus Germany
Conclusion
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
6
(Fast) Growing energy demand and slow increase of energy capacity supply lead to capacity gaps
Fluctuating energy supply due to increasing share of renewable energy sources lead to capacity gaps
increasing risk of blackouts
security of energy supply is a mayor issue in many countries
Same Challenges in Most Changing Energy Markets Worldwide
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
7
Security of energy supply
High and rising energy prices
Energy access in remote areas
Energy efficiency and emission reduction
Benefits from Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration
Additional flexible, decentralized power generation (e.g. cogeneration and trigeneration) customized to the local demand helps solving the challenges and leads to an increasing quality of energy supply for consumer
Challenges for many developing and emerging countries:
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
8
electric capacity
one/two-family-house, commercial sector
apartment buildings, commercial sector,
hotels, nursing homes
Senertec
D
MicroGen
UK
field tests
1 – 2 kWel
Micro Mini
< 15 kWel 15 kWel … 50 kWel
established
5.5 kWel
2G
D
marketable
25 – 48 kWel
Honda
Japan
established
1 kWel
Fuel Cell
D. CH
field tests
since 2000
Small
50 kWel … 2 MWel
established
1 kWel - 5 MWel
CHP Block
Diesel
CHP Block
Otto
established
5 kWel - 20 MW kWel
industrial sector, commercial sector, hotels,
nursing homes,
field of application
Focus on Customized Energy Supply for Each Individual Consumer
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
9
source: cesenergy, 2010
Focus on Customized Energy Supply for Each Individual Consumer
cooling energy for air conditioning or industrial purposes in buildings
absorption chillers powered only by heat
up to 30% less of primary energy needed compared to compression refrigerating production
higher investment costs compared to compression chiller units
economical use depends on concrete business conditions
Trigeneration:
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
10
GIZ-Study on the Mexican Market and International Best Practice
Joint study with Mexican consultants GARANI Asesores en Sustentabilidad, S.C.
Objectives BEA:• Identify international best practices (e.g. policies and support
mechanisms) • Elaborate recommendations for Mexico based on the analysis
of local conditions and international experiences (best practices).
Project-period: November-December 2012
“Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration: International Best Practices and Recommendations for Mexico”
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
11
Contents
Berliner Energieagentur (BEA)
Motivation for Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration
International Experience: Focus Germany
Conclusion
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
12
Countries with Significant CHP Capacity (Small and Large Scale)
Source: IEA 2008
Study will focus on:
• Significant capacity of small-scale CHP
• Similar conditions to Mexico
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
13
Energy sources
Rise in Energy Prices – Germany
Electricity
Increasing interest in decentralized energy supply due to high energy prices
Graphics: EnergieAgentur.NRW
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
14
Energy Concept of the Federal Government (September 2010)
CO2 emissions reduction until 2020 by 40 %, until 2050 by 80 to 95 % (reference year: 1990)
Reduction of primary energy consumption until 2020 by 20 %,until 2050 by 50 % (reference year: 2008)
RES‘ share of final energy consumption to 18 % until 2020, to 60 % until 2050
German Energy Policy Targets – Challenges for energy supply security
Energy Transition Power capacity gap: 8,5 GW of nuclear power capacity retired in 2011,
remaining 11,5 GW capacity will be retired by 2022 (original share: more than 20 % of generation capacity)
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
rising risk of blackouts!
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
15
Legal and Funding Framework – Selection
Renewable Energy Heat Act
Renewable Energy Heat Act
Renewable Energy Sources Act
Renewable Energy Sources Act
IncentiveProgramme
Mini-CHP
IncentiveProgramme
Mini-CHP
CHP ActCHP Act
Heating Costs Ordinance
Heating Costs Ordinance
Public Bank (KfW) Support Programmes
Public Bank (KfW) Support Programmes
Decentralized Energy Supply
Decentralized Energy Supply
Energy Tax ActEnergy Tax Act
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
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0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Ele
ctr
icit
y p
rod
uce
d f
rom
CH
P-u
nit
s w
ith
<
1 M
Wel
< 1 MWel
< 50 kWel
Energy Production From Small-CHP is Increasing over the Last Years
TWh/a
Source: BEA, Prognos
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
17
0,0
2,5
5,0
7,5
10,0
12,5
15,0
17,5
20,0
22,5
elek
tris
che
Leis
tung
in M
W
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Anza
hl
elektrische Leistung
Anzahl
Source: BAFA 2011
Dynamic Growth of Decentralized CHP (< 50 kWel) in Berlin
Ins
tall
ed
Ca
pa
cit
y i
n M
Wel
Installed capacity
CHP-units
CH
P-u
nit
s [
-]
installed capacity
CHP-units (< 50 kWel)
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
18
BEA CHP-Units
BEA in Berlin trailblazer in decentralized CHP for over 15 years
54 installed plants
CO2-savings of over 5,000 t/a
Direct electricity supply of over 2,500 households
Application in residential buildings, commercial sector, public sector
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
19
City Carré / Commerzbank, Commercial Complex, Berlin
Heated floor space approx. 36,000 m2
Shopping mall, offices and hotel
CHP unit in existing heating system
Start of supply: 2006
Technical data:
CHP unit with 50 kWel and 97 kWth
Environmental effects:
Amount of energy savings 548 MWh/a
Reduction of CO2 emissions: 200 t/a
CHP – Best Practice
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
20
Main Fire Station ofBerlin’s Fire Department
Thermal output: 2,200 MWh/a Electric output: 1,440 MWh/a Heat requirement: 4,000 MWh/a Heating surface approx. 21,500 m²
Technical data: Biogas CHP: 240 kWel / 367 kWth
Project outcome: Environmental relief: 1,350 t CO2/a
CO2 neutral heat and electricity production
Biogas CHP – Best Practice
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
21
Service and commercial complex,40,000 m²
Natural gas boiler running at low temperature: 1,900 kW
2 natural gas operated CHP units: each 120 kWel,214 kWth
Absorption chiller unit: 350 kW
Emergency current: 220 kVA
Amount of enery savings 2,500 MWh p.a.
CO2 savings: 700 t p.a.
Königstadt-T
errassen Schönhauser A
llee, B
erlin-Prenzlauer B
erg
Gas-absorption chiller (C
arrier, LiBr, single-lift)
Service complex “Königstadt-Terrassen”
Trigeneration – Best Practice
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
22
Demand for space heating and hot water generation
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
23
demand absorption chiller
Demand for space heating, hot water generation and absorption chiller
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
24
Covering of the heating demand
Boiler
Block CHP
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
25
Energy ServiceCompany
(Contractor)Customer
Local Gas Supplier
Local Electricity Utility
re-feed-ing
back-up supply
energy servicesenergy services
financing, planning, construction & operation of energy systems heating cooling electricity emergency power
Energy Services – General Project Scheme
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
26
Contents
Berliner Energieagentur (BEA)
Motivation for Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration
International Experience: Focus Germany
Conclusion
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
27
Conclusions
Micro- and small-scale cogeneration helps overcoming capacity gaps and electricity grid fluctuations
Systems are suitable for variety of applications
Emergency power supply
Supply of multiple energy types to complex buildings (hospitals, shopping malls)
Range of policy instruments supported market development
Energy Performance Contracting can help overcoming existing barriers
Lessons learnt (in Germany and other countries) can help establishing a market of decentralized CHP in Mexico ( current study for GIZ)
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
28
Thank You for Your Attention!
Further Information later on Locationor please contact:
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
29
Backup
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
30
Policy target: 25 % of Energy supply from CHP-Units until 2020 (today: 15 %)
Priority for grid connection, purchase and transmission of electricity from CHP
Consistent fee paid per kWh by grid operators for the total amount of the generated electricity
Share of the costs by all end customers: 0,03 ct/kWhel in 2011
Special promotion of district heating grids and storage tanks
CHP Act (KWK-G) – Key Issues
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
31
Financing for Energy Services (Financing via ESCO)
ESCO provides : Financing Planning and installation of
energy saving measures Guarantee of savings
Customer F IESCO Debt Service
CreditInvestment
Remunerationof Services
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
32
Financing for Energy Services (Customer Finance)
ESCO provides : Planning and installation of
energy saving measures Guarantee of savings
Credit / LoanCustomer
Debt Service
F I
ESCORepayment of Services
Guarantee of Incomes
Guarantee of Savings
Investment Money (1x)
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
33
Climate conditions in Germany differ
moderate climate in Germany with 7 month heating period
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
34
Getrennte Erzeugung vs. KWK
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
36
In summer trigeneration units can produce cooling energy for air conditioning or industrial purposes
“Thermal compressor” powered by heat – absorption chillers provide energy for cooling systems with far less electricity
Main advantage: best way to use waste heat or CHP in summer
Up to over 50% less of primary energy needed compared to compression refrigerating production
But higher investment costs compared to compression chiller units
Trigeneration – Basic Principle
economical use depends on concrete business conditions
Heat
Cold
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
37
Benefits from Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration
space heating cooling and hot water generation
about 2,800 full load hours per year
about 5,500 full load hours per year
about 400 full load hours per year
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
38
Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency
are two pillars of the German energy policy
High dependence on energy imports (70 % in total)
66 % Hard Coal
80 % Natural Gas
96 % Petroleum
100 % Uranium
Source: BMWi
Energy Supply – Germany
© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 2012
Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration
39
StirlingMotor
FuelCell
Block CHP (Otto)
Block CHP (Diesel)
SteamTurbines
GasTurbines
Gas and Steam CHP
Thermal Capacity2.5 …
100 kW2 kW …150 MW
7 kW …6 MW
10 kW …25 MW
1.500 kW …2,500 MW
50 kW …700 MW
30 …800 MW
Electric Power1 …
40 kW1 kW …100 MW
1 kW …5 MW
5 kW …20 MW
500 kW …> 1,000 MW
25 kW …350 MW
20 … 700 MW
Total Utilisation Ratio up to 0.85 up to 0.9 up to 0.9 up to 0.9 up to 0.9 up to 0.85 up to 0.9
Electric Utilisation Ratio 0.1 … 0.3 0.3 … 0.47 0.25 … 0.42 0.28 … 0.44 0.15 … 0.25 0.25 … 0.3 0.3 .. 0.45
CHP Coefficient 0.4 0.3 … 0.7 0.4 … 1.1 0.5 … 1.1 0.1 … 0.4 0.3 … 0.6 0.4 … 1.0
Part Load Performance suboptimal very good good good good suboptimal suboptimal
State of the Technology Small Series Pilot Plants established established established established established
Usual Fuel Gas, Wood Gas Gas Diesel (Gas) Coal, Waste Gas, Diesel Gas (Coal)