Michigan High School Michigan High School Science Meap TestScience Meap Test

Constructing

Constructing New Constructing New Scientific KnowledgeScientific Knowledge

askask questions in order to learn about the

world?

??

??

How do scientists ask questions that help them learn about the world?

How do scientists figure out answers to their questions?

How do scientists learn about the world from books and other sources of information?

How do scientists communicate their findings?

1. Ask questions that can be investigated empirically.

Key concepts: Questions often build on existing knowledge.

Real-world contexts: Using Scientific Knowledge—Biology, Earth Science, and Physical Science

2. Design and conduct scientific investigations.

Key concepts: Types of scientific knowledge—hypothesis, theory, observation, conclusion, law,data, generalization. Aspects of field research—hypothesis, design, observations, samples,analysis, conclusion. Aspects of experimentalresearch— hypothesis, design, variable, experimentalgroup, control group, prediction, analysis,conclusion. Investigations are based on questionsabout the world.

Real-world contexts: Using Scientific Knowledge benchmarks for students to design and/or conduct investigations.

3. Recognize and explain the limitations of measuringdevices.

Key concepts: Uncertainty, error, range, tolerances,accuracy, precision.

Tools: Balance, thermometer, measuring tape, ruler,graduated cylinder, electronic measuring devices.

Real-world contexts: Experiments that usequantitative data; manufacturing systems wheremeasurements are critical.

4. Gather and synthesize information from books andother sources of information.

Key concepts: Scientific journals, text- and computerBased reference materials.

Real-world contexts: Libraries, technical referencebooks, Internet, computer software.

5. Discuss topics in groups by making clearpresentations, restating or summarizing what othershave said, asking for clarification or elaboration,taking alternative perspectives, and defending aposition.

Key concepts: Logical argument, summary,clarification, elaboration, alternative perspectives.

Real-world contexts: Newspaper or magazine articlesdiscussing a topic of social concern.

Using Science KnowledgeUsing Science Knowledge

useuse science knowledge to understand the world and guide actions;

describedescribe and explainexplain real-world objects, systems, or events;

predictpredict future events or observations; and designdesign systems or courses of

action that enable people to adapt to and modify the world around them